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The objective of this essay is to assist secondary school world history teachers in helping students develop an understanding basic economic concepts through learning about two successful pre-industrialized economies: The Florentine Republic and Tokugawa Japan. We includes a short introduction about the importance of integrating economic concepts in history instruction; narratives suitable for teachers and many high school students on the economies of the Republic of Florence and Tokugawa Japan; and an annotated list of pedagogical resources suitable for more extensive study of both societies.

The article deals with the problems of political and economic processes in Kazakhstan since independence in the context of globalization. It analyzes the geopolitical situation and selfpositioning processes in the world after the end of the "cold war". It examines the problems of internal economization of the Republic for 20 years of independence. The authors argue that the reforms proceeded in the economic sphere have brought ambiguous and tangible results. Despite the difficult economic and political conditions facing a world economical crisis the country has undergone fundamental and radical transformations in the whole socio-economic system

This article analyzes Chinese contributions to the Afro-Asian Writers' Bureau's efforts to reinvent World Literature from an anti-imperialist and anti-capitalist perspective. The Afro-Asian Writers' Bureau was founded as a counter-narrative to Eurocentric conceptions of World Literature and universal culture. The AAWB's vision was inspired by a Marxian understanding of worldliness. Relying on Chinese archival materials, this article shows how Chinese representatives to the AAWB, including Zhou Yang and Mao Dun, shifted from an explicitly Soviet, socialist-realist model for World Literature inspired by Maxim Gorky to a progressively independent, nationalist course in the wake of the Sino-Soviet split. The story of the AAWB is one of competing universal visions. The Chinese contributions to the AAWB are also reflected in China's current expanding cultural influence and soft power in the Global South. (Crit Asian Stud/GIGA)

Civilian immunity and the politics of legitimacy -- State terror in the long nineteenth century -- Totalitarian mass killing -- Terror bombing in the Second World War -- The Cold War struggle : capitalist atrocities -- The Cold War struggle : communist atrocities -- Atrocities and the 'Golden age' of humanitarianism -- Radical Islamism and the war on terror.

The article is devoted to one of the measures of administrative influence on the publishers of periodicals in the form of a ban on the retail sale of newspapers and magazines in the imperial Russia and France. The author argues that this policy was introduced in Russia due to adoption of foreign experience of direct and indirect censorship, especially the French experience. So, the article seeks to access the difference between the original approach of the French empire and the Russian version of the policy. Also the article bridges the gap between the current Russian historiography and the existing archive materials with help of discourse analysis and comparative method. First, the author reviews the literature on Russian and French censorship in the second half of XIX century. This allows us to describe the original policy motives of leadership in France in area of media coverage and censorship. Second, the author presents some comparative parallels in the particular area of study of censorship and its institutional basis. Using official documents, data on discussions of the alleged measures and the reasons for their introduction, author shows features of approaches of the Russian Ministry of internal Affairs and a member of his censorship Departmen t to highligh t the key issues of social development, to enhance the effectiveness of state censorship policy. The article gives the significant boost towards new approaches in research of indirect censorship in Russia and France as well as the role models for such a policy. Also the article allows us to reconsider the diffusionist paradigm with regard to state's policy experience circulation between European empires and their reaction to the emergence of modern media.

Intro -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Responsibility and Resistance: Conceptual Preliminaries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Key Concepts, Key Questions -- 3 Concept and Structure of the Book -- References -- Part I Theoretical and Historical Foundations -- Ethics of Mediatized Worlds: A Framing Introduction -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Short Introduction to the Mediatization Approach -- 3 Some Obvious Conclusions -- 4 Some More Complex Conclusions -- 5 Final Comments -- References -- 100 Years of Claims for Responsible Public Communication: The Mediation of Responsibility (as a Form of Resistance) in Mediatized Societies-a Historical Perspective -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Voices from the Past: Bücher, Everth and Manheim-The Idea of Transparent and Trustful Communication as a Basis for a Just Society -- 2.1 Karl Bücher: The Critical Idealist -- 2.2 Erich Everth: The Analysis of the Mediation of Publics -- 2.3 Ernest Manheim: Typology of the Public Sphere -- 3 Mediation in Digitized, Mediatized Societies: What to Learn from the Past? -- 3.1 Socio-technical Mediation -- 3.2 Outlook -- References -- Ethics of the Mediatized World -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ethics as a Discipline -- 3 Consequences of Media Deprofessionalization for the Systematics of Media Ethics -- 4 The General Philosophical-Ethical Significance of Mediatization Theory -- 4.1 Anthropological Basis: Mediality -- 4.2 Epochal Realization of Mediality: Mediatization -- 5 "Mediatized World" Instead of "Mediatized Worlds" -- 6 Conclusion: Responsibility and Resistance -- References -- Part II Analyses and Cases -- Ethics and Mediatization: Subjectivity, Judgment (phronēsis) and Meta-theoretical Coherence? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: Ethics and the Subject Vis-à-vis Mediatization Theory -- 2 What is an Ethical Subject?.

Allan and Anne Findlay argue that a nation's human population is a vital resource in the development process. Changes in its composition - increased life expectancy combined with a falling birth rate, for example - can have profound effects upon a society. Warfare and mass migration of male workers also have long-reaching effects on those left behind. The rapid growth of Third World populations has often incorrectly been identified as the major force preventing more rapid economic development. Population pressure has been known to generate technological breakthroughs. Their final chapter exami

Purpose: The present study investigates the violations of SOPs regarding the spread of COVID19 during the political processional campaigns in the Gilgit Baltistan and Senate elections in Pakistan held just before the second and third waves of COVID-19. For instance, during the first wave Pakistani government employed a smart lockdown along with persuasive awareness campaign. However, in the second and third waves, it seemed that SOPs were not influential due to violations by politicians themselves. Method: The researchers analyze the journalistic text both verbal and pictorial by employing the qualitative and interpretive paradigm to understand the policies and strategies of political parties in their political gatherings. Data regarding political campaigns have been collected from the print media through the purposive sampling technique. The secondary data has been collected from various research publications to establish the background. Main Findings: The study analyzed political response to COVID-19 SOPs on the part of Pakistani political parties during the political campaigns in Gilgit Baltistan and senate elections. Referent pictures (see Figures), taken from authentic, official newspaper websites, showed that during 'Political congregations and rallies', individuals and politicians attended the events without requiring social distance and masks. Both the opposition and ruling party and their workers have taken approximately equal parts to violate the SOPs to gain political gains and benefits. Application of the Study: The study suggests that the political parties would not conduct these types of political events that cause the spread of the virus, especially when it is considered a worldwide pandemic. The study would be both socially and politically beneficial for the organizations and groups to learn how a pandemic may affect the masses if precautionary measures are not followed adequately. The Originality of the Study: According to the researchers' best knowledge, the research gap of the present study is contemporary and innovative, i.e., integrating the conceptual model of political discourse with political events.

Bishop Claver's vision of the church / John J. Carroll, S.J. -- Who speaks for the church? Catholic cacophony in the reproductive health debate / Eleanor R. Dionisio -- A church for agrarian reform / Gemma Rita R. Marin -- The church and the environment, prophets against the mins / Anna Marie A. Karaos -- The church of the poor in the province of Albay, the Diocesan social action center of Legazpi / Melanie Ramos-Llana -- A discerning community, the Philippine church and electoral politics, 1986-2010 / Roberto E. N. Rivera, S.J. -- Qualified confidence : church, state, and public opinion / Gerald M. Nicolas, loila A. Batomalaque, and Gladys Ann G. Rabacal, with an introduction and contributions by Roberto E. N. Rivera, S.J