Suchergebnisse

World agricultural resources will be altered by climate change which will require both public and private actions. Global agriculture is affected by invasive alien pest and disease species and by severe weather such as sea-level rise flooding and drought. Rising sea levels will increase salinity in coastal groundwater and the loss of coastal wetlands. Drought will increase the vulnerability of forest ecosystems due to decreased soil moisture and increased evapotranspiration. Many changes will be needed to maintain global food security. Climate change will affect food supply and demand, as well as prices. Research and development have the potential to impact both supply and demand, especially through the adoption of biotechnology. Researching plant and animal breeding for multiple disease resistance against pathogens of global relevance has great evolutionary potential. One such program is aquaculture. Another problem is land constraints as rural and urban areas compete for land. For rural food-insecure households, land competition means necessary changes in production practices. Research and development investments could substantially decelerate food prices to prevent hunger and deteriorating living standards in rural households worldwide. Increasing food security will mean establishing dietary guidelines that alleviate the negative health and economic outcomes associated with malnutrition. It is highly questionable to aggregate all food items based solely on calories per kilogram content when not all calories are equal in their effect on health. Food security also includes increasing diet diversity while decreasing food waste and loss. It is imperative that actions be taken for a food-secure future.

This article investigates how the notion of security is used in Estonia both to legitimise and delegitimise international integration. It outlines the assumptions, claims and modes of analysis that underpin security narratives, specifying what are constructed as threats to Estonia and what are framed as appropriate countermeasures to these threats. The article scrutinises in particular whether this discourse is undergoing a transformation from exclusive confrontational to inclusive cooperative conceptualisations. I argue that a shift has occurred from military definitions of security to those articulated in terms of culture and values, but that this cultural definition works not against but in tandem with the binary oppositions of inside/outside and us/them. The transition has been not from exclusive to inclusive operationalisations of security but from exclusions based on the notion of military threat to those invoking culture and values. This diffuse cultural discourse enables the selective deployment of divergent arguments to different audiences while maintaining the familiar underlying dichotomies.

3. NATIVE MAIZE CONSERVATION AS A PROPOSAL FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE IN MEXICO CITY (FEDERAL DISTRICT)CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; Chapter 6: YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: THE CONTRIBUTION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ; ABSTRACT; INTRODUCTION; THE GROWING YOUTH POPULATION; YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT; DECLINING RURAL YOUTH POPULATION; THE EMPLOYMENT PREDICAMENT IN LDCS; BUILDING DECENT JOBS IN AGRICULTURE; TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; Chapter 7: AN OVERVIEW OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL BENEFITS IN RELATION TO SMALL SCALE FARMING IN CHINA.