Suchergebnisse

World agricultural resources will be altered by climate change which will require both public and private actions. Global agriculture is affected by invasive alien pest and disease species and by severe weather such as sea-level rise flooding and drought. Rising sea levels will increase salinity in coastal groundwater and the loss of coastal wetlands. Drought will increase the vulnerability of forest ecosystems due to decreased soil moisture and increased evapotranspiration. Many changes will be needed to maintain global food security. Climate change will affect food supply and demand, as well as prices. Research and development have the potential to impact both supply and demand, especially through the adoption of biotechnology. Researching plant and animal breeding for multiple disease resistance against pathogens of global relevance has great evolutionary potential. One such program is aquaculture. Another problem is land constraints as rural and urban areas compete for land. For rural food-insecure households, land competition means necessary changes in production practices. Research and development investments could substantially decelerate food prices to prevent hunger and deteriorating living standards in rural households worldwide. Increasing food security will mean establishing dietary guidelines that alleviate the negative health and economic outcomes associated with malnutrition. It is highly questionable to aggregate all food items based solely on calories per kilogram content when not all calories are equal in their effect on health. Food security also includes increasing diet diversity while decreasing food waste and loss. It is imperative that actions be taken for a food-secure future.

3. NATIVE MAIZE CONSERVATION AS A PROPOSAL FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE IN MEXICO CITY (FEDERAL DISTRICT)CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; Chapter 6: YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: THE CONTRIBUTION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ; ABSTRACT; INTRODUCTION; THE GROWING YOUTH POPULATION; YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT; DECLINING RURAL YOUTH POPULATION; THE EMPLOYMENT PREDICAMENT IN LDCS; BUILDING DECENT JOBS IN AGRICULTURE; TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; Chapter 7: AN OVERVIEW OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL BENEFITS IN RELATION TO SMALL SCALE FARMING IN CHINA.

Shaping National Security: International Emergency Mechanisms and Disaster Risk Reduction presents international emergency mechanisms relative to disaster risk reduction (DRR). The goal is to share knowledge about existing frameworks, and utilize established DRR policies and programs, as another means to reinforce and strengthen national security in countries around the world. The book outlines, in detail, the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC), the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG), the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) DRR programs. While these entities' versions of DRR best practices are largely directed at decreasing the impact of disaster hazards, limiting relevant exposure, local vulnerabilities, increasing capacities to cope with disaster, the authors present these frameworks as potential tools, and effective means, to support national security efforts. This is especially important in disaster circumstances when local, and national emergency resources, may be insufficient to face hazards and multi-hazards, and result in cascading effects to occur as hazard events transpire. Chapters present various resources available to them, through these programs, to encourage authorities from every country to effectively apply the mechanisms--and emergency mechanisms specifically--to offer domestic solutions. Due to these programs proven track records in providing organisational standards, the use of such mechanisms can serve as both the basis to foster sound DRR practices and, by extension, can supplement resiliency, security, and continuity within countries. This concept is based on the premise that the UNDAC, INSARAG, NATO and ECPM emergency mechanisms have been developed to be implementable (directly or indirectly) in every country in the world when disasters occur. Shaping National Security takes a "big-picture," holistic view of DRR and national security to offer innovative ideas and solutions to professionals and officials working in disaster management, disaster risk reduction, emergency management, crisis management, civil protection, public security management, national security, criminal justice, international studies, and homeland security.

Intro -- LANDMINES AND HUMAN SECURITY -- Contents -- Forewords -- HER MAJESTY QUEEN NOOR -- THE HONORABLE LLOYD AXWORTHY -- LADY HEATHER MILLS MCCARTNEY AND SIR PAUL MCCARTNEY -- SENATOR PATRICK LEAHY -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: The Global Landmine Crisis -- 1. Human Security and the Mine Ban Movement I: Introduction by RICHARD A. MATTHEW -- 2. The Global Landmine Crisis in the 1990s by BRYAN MCDONALD -- 3. Evaluating the Impacts of the Ottawa Treaty by LEAH FRASER -- Part II: Perspectives on the Mine Ban Movement -- 4. Nongovernmental Organizations and the Landmine Ban by KENNETH R. RUTHERFORD -- 5. Clearing the Path to a Mine-Free World: Implementing the Ottawa Convention by KERRY BRINKERT AND KEVIN HAMILTON -- 6. Europe and the Ottawa Treaty: Compliance with Exceptions and Loopholes by PAUL CHAMBERLAIN AND DAVID LONG -- 7. Perspective from a Mine-Affected Country: Mozambique by CARLOS DOS SANTOS -- 8. Victim Assistance: Landmine Survivors' Perspectives by RAQUEL WILLERMAN -- Part III: Related Issues: Demining and Victim Assistance -- 9. Political Minefield by MICHAEL J. FLYNN -- 10. Tackling the Global Landmine Problem: The United States Perspective by STACY BERNARD DAVIS AND DONALD F. "PAT" PATIERNO -- 11. Demining: Enhancing the Process by COLIN KING -- 12. Public-Private Demining Partnerships: A Case Study of Afghanistan by OREN J. SCHLEIN -- 13. Landmines Prolong Conflicts and Impede Socioeconomic Development by NAY HTUN -- 14. The Victim Assistance Provision of the Mine Ban Treaty by GLENNA L. FAK -- 15. The Environmental Impacts of Landmines by CLAUDIO TORRES NACHÓN -- 16. A Necessary Evil?: Reexamining the Military Utility of Antipersonnel Landmines by TED GAULIN -- 17. Are Landmines Still Needed to Defend South Korea?: A Mine Use Case Study by J. ANTONIO OHE -- Part IV: Implications of the Mine Ban Movement.