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Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to improve the health and criminal justice outcomes for people who come into contact with the criminal justice system. People with learning disabilities (LD) are particularly vulnerable to health and social inequalities within the criminal justice system.


Design/methodology/approach
– Using examples from practice, this paper discusses some of the challenges and achievements experienced by a LD nurse employed within a liaison and diversion service within the North-West of England.


Findings
– Whilst the specific functions of liaison and diversion practitioners are detailed by National Health Service (NHS) England (2014), complexities in communication, multi-disciplinary working and role recognition affect the embedment of the role in practice.


Research limitations/implications
– The implications for practice are identified and recommendations for further research made. These seek to evaluate the impact of liaison and diversion services from the perspectives of LD nurses within liaison and diversion services, people with LD, their families and the wider multi-disciplinary team.


Originality/value
– NHS England (2015) are in the process of evaluating of liaison and diversion services. This paper adds to the evaluation by discussing the experiences of a LD nurse within a liaison and diversion service through the inclusion of activity data and illustrative examples.

This is a conference paper. ; Implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) and financed by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, the Kom-Yilma (happy, healthy child) project promotes improved hygiene practices throughout 108 "WASH-friendly" schools in the provinces of Bam and Sanmatenga in Burkina Faso. In order to effectively involve local stakeholders, including teachers, students and parents, CRS has incorporated innovative participatory practices into the Kom-Yilma project's Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning (MEAL) system. The local communities and government stakeholders play a central role in assessing the school's progress towards project goals (through community self-assessments and joint monitoring visits), which not only increases local ownership of the project, but also contributes to sustainable behaviour change.

EDUCATION IN HONG KONG SERVICE LEADERSHIP FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS -- EDUCATION IN HONG KONG SERVICE LEADERSHIP FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 1 LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT EDUCATION FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION ONE: LEADERSHIP -- Chapter 2 IMPLICATIONS OF THE SHIFT FROM MANUFACTURING ECONOMY TO SERVICE ECONOMY -- INTRODUCTION -- DESIRABLE LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MANUFACTURING ECONOMY AND SERVICE ECONOMY -- THE SERVICE LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT MODEL (SLAM)

Grounded in a youth leadership and mentoring program, this chapter discusses the value of asset‐based community development from the service‐learning literature and the concept of generativity from the leadership development literature.

The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which the characteristics of public administration degree programs are related to public service motivation (PSM) using a higher education socialization framework. Using a sample of approximately 500 students enrolled in 26 Master's degree programs across the country, this study confirms that gender, work experience, core course requirements, service learning opportunities, climate, Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration accreditation, and full-time status were all meaningful predictors of PSM among the students. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Front Cover -- Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 2 -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface: Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 2 -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter One: Learning Ecological Networks from Next-Generation Sequencing Data -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Ecological Interactions Are Drivers of Ecosystem Functioning -- 1.2. Ecological Interactions Are Altered by Anthropogenic Activity -- 1.3. Next-Generation Sequencing Can Be Used for Monitoring Ecological Interactions -- 2. Why Learning Ecological Networks from NGS Data? -- 2.1. Limitations of Classical Methods for Resolving Ecological Interactions -- 2.2. Advantages of NGS for Identifying Species and Their Interactions -- 3. Examples of NGS-Based Ecological Networks and Their Applications -- 3.1. Deciphering Pathobiomes Using NGS-Based Microbial Networks for Improving Biological Control -- 3.2. Studying the Hologenome Theory of Evolution Using NGS-Based Microbial Networks -- 3.3. Testing the Niche Partitioning Theory with NGS-Based Trophic Networks -- 3.4. Challenges to Be Addressed to Get Predictive Insights from NGS-Based Networks -- 4. Theoretical Methods for Deciphering Ecological Networks from NGS Data -- 4.1. The Input Data -- 4.2. Inferring Ecological Interactions Using Statistical Models -- 4.2.1. Bayesian Networks and Dynamic Bayesian Networks -- 4.2.2. Gaussian Graphical Models with Sparse Regularization -- 4.3. Learning Ecological Interactions Using Logic-Based Machine-Learning Algorithms -- 4.3.1. Inductive Logic Programming -- 4.3.2. Meta-Interpretive Learning -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter Two: The Visualisation of Ecological Networks, and Their Use as a Tool for Engagement, Advocacy and Management -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Benefits of a Network Approach in Ecology.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the nature and impact of a restraint reduction strategy implemented within a secure learning disability service in response to the national Positive and Safe programme.


Design/methodology/approach
The strategy was comprised of three primary interventions – Safewards, positive behavioural support and data-informed practice – and utilised a programme management approach to ensure effective delivery. Baseline measures were collected from 12 months of data prior to implementation of the programme and the frequency of each category of restrictive intervention was then measured prospectively on a monthly basis throughout the duration of the programme.


Findings
Upon completion of the programme the following results were achieved: elimination of prone restraint – elimination of mechanical restraint – 42 per cent reduction in general use of restraint – 42 per cent reduction in use of seclusion – 52 per cent reduction in rapid tranquilisation.


Originality/value
The paper adds to the growing body of evidence that carefully designed interventions can reduce the frequency of seclusion and restraint. In this case, Safewards and PBS have combined to exert their effect. Data-led practice and senior leadership were also found to be of critical importance. Finally, the need for a stable workforce is considered.

Intro -- Preface -- List of figures -- List of tables and boxes -- List of acronyms and abbreviations -- Contributors -- Introduction: Framing the agri‑environment -- Part I. The agri‑environment in the real world -- Working effectively with farmers on agri-environment investment -- The Environmental Stewardship Program: Lessons on creating long-term agri-environment schemes -- Do farmers love brolgas, seagrass and coral reefs? It depends on who's paying, how much, and for how long! -- The vital role of environmental NGOs: Trusted brokers in complex markets -- Agricultural land use policy in the European Union: A brief history and lessons learnt -- A brief history of agri‑environment policy in Australia: From community-based NRM to market-based instruments -- Part II. The birds and the beef -- Can recognition of ecosystem services help biodiversity conservation? -- A perspective on land sparing versus land sharing -- Restoring ecosystem services on private farmlands: Lessons from economics -- Scaling the benefits of agri‑environment schemes for biodiversity -- Social dimensions of biodiversity conservation programs -- Contract preferences and psychological determinants of participation in agri‑environment schemes -- Accounting for private benefits in ecological restoration planning -- Part III. Planning, doing and learning -- Defining and designing cost‑effective agri-environment schemes -- Transaction costs in agri‑environment schemes -- What a difference a metric makes: Strong (and weak) metrics for agri-environment schemes -- Public benefits, private benefits, and the choice of policy tool for land-use change -- Controls and counterfactual information in agro-ecological investment -- Achieving greater gains in biodiversity from agri‑environment schemes -- Lessons for policy from Australia's experience with conservation tenders