Suchergebnisse

The paper deals with the main stages of a long political biography of Eduard Shevardnadze. It highlights main features of his political personality.

This paper aims to further investigate hybrid regimes, which are becoming a more and more analysed topic in political studies. After the pathbreaking article by Thomas Carothers (Carothers, 2002) where he claims that many of the regimes that were considered usually in "transition" were actually proved highly durable and did not move neither toward autocracy nor democracy, other scholars started to be interested in this particular phenomenon as such. In this paper I stem from the definition of Hybrid regimes provided by Leonardo Morlino: "A hybrid regime is always a set of ambiguous institutions […] lacking as it does one or more essential characteristics of that regimebut also failing to acquire other characteristics that would make it fully democratic or authoritarian" (Morlino, 2008:7), in order to investigate how incumbents hold and strengthen power in this peculiar political and institutional environment, without forcefully becoming neither fully authoritarian or fully democratic.

This paper aims to further investigate hybrid regimes, which are becoming a more and more analysed topic in political studies. After the pathbreaking article by Thomas Carothers (Carothers, 2002) where he claims that many of the regimes that were considered usually in "transition" were actually proved highly durable and did not move neither toward autocracy nor democracy, other scholars started to be interested in this particular phenomenon as such. In this paper I stem from the definition of Hybrid regimes provided by Leonardo Morlino: "A hybrid regime is always a set of ambiguous institutions […] lacking as it does one or more essential characteristics of that regimebut also failing to acquire other characteristics that would make it fully democratic or authoritarian" (Morlino, 2008:7), in order to investigate how incumbents hold and strengthen power in this peculiar political and institutional environment, without forcefully becoming neither fully authoritarian or fully democratic.

The study is carried out in the framework of diachronic linguopolitical metaphorology and linguopolitical personology. Linguopolitical personology deals with verbal images of politicians, Heads of State, and historical figures. The diachronic analysis allows revealing specific features of development of the metaphorical image of a politician. The diachronic analysis of the metaphorical image of the President of Georgia E. Shevardnadze simultaneously employs the principles of incremental and focus fragmentation. Two synchronous cross-sections have been analyzed within focus fragmentation: the first focus covers the time of Shevardnadze's office; the second – the period after his resignation. The article considers the dominant metaphorical models found in the course of the study: THE PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA IS A WARRIOR; THE PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA IS A TRAVELER, as well as some less frequent and rarely used metaphorical models, which make up the metaphorical image of the former president of Georgia. Thus, the study allows making the conclusion that the metaphorical image of Shevardnadze is changing over the periods of time frames under consideration: 1) the number of dominant metaphorical models changes; 2) there is a shift of semantic emphasis; 3) different metaphorical models can express similar meanings. The results of the study could be of interest to specialists in the field of imageology, politology, history, psychology, linguistics, etc. ; Исследование выполнено в рамках диахронической лингвополитической метафорологии и лингвополитической персонологии. Лингвополитическая персонология предполагает изучение вербального облика политиков, первых лиц государства, исторических персоналий. Диахронический анализ позволяет выявить особенности динамики метафорического образа политического субъекта. При диахроническом анализе метафорического образа одного из президентов Грузии Э. Шеварднадзе были одновременно применены принципы равномерной и фокусной фрагментации. В рамках фокусной фрагментации было проанализировано два синхронных среза: первый — период правления Э. Шеварднадзе; второй — период после правления Э. Шеварднадзе. В статье рассмотрены выявленные в ходе анализа доминантные метафорические модели: «ПРЕЗИДЕНТ ГРУЗИИ — ЭТО ВОИН», «ПРЕЗИДЕНТ ГРУЗИИ — ЭТО ПУТЕШЕСТВЕННИК», а также некоторые средне- и низкочастотные метафорические модели, составляющие метафорический образ бывшего президента Грузии. Таким образом, исследование позволяет сделать вывод о том, что метафорический образ Э. Шеварднадзе эволюционирует на протяжении рассмотренных временных отрезков: 1) изменяется количество доминантных метафорических моделей; 2) наблюдается изменение смысловых акцентов; 3) разные метафорические модели могут передавать одинаковые смыслы. Результаты исследования могут представлять интерес для специалистов в области имиджелогии, политологии, истории, психологии, лингвистики и др.

Search for Geopolitical Strategy for Georgia means finding a special road to a civilized future that will be in line with the country's historical and cultural specificity and uniqueness. After the unfavorable conditions, there was created a short but very profitable term implementing its geopolitical and geostrategic interests. Everything depended on the ability of the Georgian politicians, how much they would you be able to determine, understand and mobilize the situation. In this case Georgian diplomacy was appropriate. The government which was in a very difficult position soon clarified the situation and was able to use this chance as much as possible. Accordingly, the country received an impressive geopolitical dividend. Georgian diplomacy achieved great success in the geopolitical context. The factor of the President of Georgia, Eduard Shevardnadze, played a major role, he created a desirable background for Western politics in Georgia with his authority in world politics and great political activity. ; Search for Geopolitical Strategy for Georgia means finding a special road to a civilized future that will be in line with the country's historical and cultural specificity and uniqueness. After the unfavorable conditions, there was created a short but very profitable term implementing its geopolitical and geostrategic interests. Everything depended on the ability of the Georgian politicians, how much they would you be able to determine, understand and mobilize the situation. In this case Georgian diplomacy was appropriate. The government which was in a very difficult position soon clarified the situation and was able to use this chance as much as possible. Accordingly, the country received an impressive geopolitical dividend. Georgian diplomacy achieved great success in the geopolitical context. The factor of the President of Georgia, Eduard Shevardnadze, played a major role, he created a desirable background for Western politics in Georgia with his authority in world politics and great political activity.

Данная статья посвящена анализу политических процессов на территории постсоветской Грузии. В работе поэтапно показаны основные направления и результаты проводимых в республике реформ, начиная с политики Э. Шеварднадзе и до Б. Иванишвили.This article is devoted to the analysis of political processes in the post-Soviet Georgia. The paper shows main directions and results of political reforms in the country, ranging from politics of Shevardnadze and to Boris Ivanishvili.

Today, the (Western) geopolitics dominant in the decade following the Cold War must consider the rivalling (Eastern) geopolitics. The present article deals with the use of the military bases situated abroad to support separatism in neighbouring countries. In the relations between Abkhazia, Southern Ossetia, Georgia and Russia in 1989 – 2008, special attention is paid to the periods of political standstill when the war was continued as the war of statements conducted by representative bodies in which even the UN Security Council came to be included. The article also focuses on the change of geopolitical visions of Georgia following the Rose Revolution or the waning of the myths of Shevardnadze and Russia's foreign policy intentions.

The socio-political processes developed in Georgia in the 90s of the twentieth century led to the political transformation of the country. The political changes that began during this period led to the ideological and value transformation of elite structures, including procedural changes in the mechanisms of elite circulation. All this was reflected in the country's domestic and foreign policy.In Georgian reality, the main part of the society is focused on a specific political figure, however, the elite groups united around this leader differ from each other in their values and ideological orientation. At the same time, all post-Soviet political leaders followed different paths of accumulating social and political capital, which became an important component of developing their individual political charisma.The article discusses the features of 4 political leaders of post-Soviet Georgia (Z. Gamsakhurdia, E. Shevardnadze, M. Saakashvili, B. Ivanishvili) and the political processes related to them. ; The socio-political processes developed in Georgia in the 90s of the twentieth century led to the political transformation of the country. The political changes that began during this period led to the ideological and value transformation of elite structures, including procedural changes in the mechanisms of elite circulation. All this was reflected in the country's domestic and foreign policy.In Georgian reality, the main part of the society is focused on a specific political figure, however, the elite groups united around this leader differ from each other in their values and ideological orientation. At the same time, all post-Soviet political leaders followed different paths of accumulating social and political capital, which became an important component of developing their individual political charisma.The article discusses the features of 4 political leaders of post-Soviet Georgia (Z. Gamsakhurdia, E. Shevardnadze, M. Saakashvili, B. Ivanishvili) and the political processes related to them.

"Georgia: Warlords, Generals, and Politicians" published on by Oxford University Press.

Something amazing happened in Georgia's 1 October 2012 parliamentary elections. The government lost and it gave up power, aside from the now-weakened presidency that it will hold for another year. A new coalition known as Georgian Dream ran under the leadership of Georgia's richest man, the billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili, and won 85 seats in the unicameral, 150-member Parliament. Georgia's post-Soviet background and circumstances make the 2012 opposition win and subsequent orderly handover of power truly remarkable. Indeed, among the "competitive authoritarian" regimes found in what used to be the USSR, it is nearly unheard of. Georgia is lucky to be getting a fourth chance at democracy, after the opportunities under Zviad Gamsakhurdia (1990–92), Eduard Shevardnadze (1992–2003), and Saakashvili faded. But this chance remains a fragile one.

Something amazing happened in Georgia's 1 October 2012 parliamentary elections. The government lost and it gave up power, aside from the now-weakened presidency that it will hold for another year. A new coalition known as Georgian Dream ran under the leadership of Georgia's richest man, the billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili, and won 85 seats in the unicameral, 150-member Parliament. Georgia's post-Soviet background and circumstances make the 2012 opposition win and subsequent orderly handover of power truly remarkable. Indeed, among the "competitive authoritarian" regimes found in what used to be the USSR, it is nearly unheard of. Georgia is lucky to be getting a fourth chance at democracy, after the opportunities under Zviad Gamsakhurdia (1990–92), Eduard Shevardnadze (1992–2003), and Saakashvili faded. But this chance remains a fragile one.

Georgia's strategic location in the Caucasus means that it has always been in the spotlight of world powers, especially Russia. An opportunity for Georgia is to build and deepen democratic processes, social, economic and political reforms and to establish cooperation with international structures. Georgia declared independence on 9th April 1991 and on 26th May 1991 general presidential elections were held under the banner "Georgia for Georgians". Despite the announcements made by successive presidents, Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Eduard Shevardnadze, the attempts to carry out political and economic reforms failed. In 2003, an opportunity for democratic change turned up. It was the Rose Revolution and its leader, Micheil Saakashvili. After his first successes, however, it turned out that he also did not stray from authoritarianism, the strengthening of the president's position, and even from the use of force (2007). The next stages and the possibility of democratic changes were to be parliamentary elections in 2012 and 2016 and presidential elections in 2013.

"This book presents and interprets the archival records pertaining to the last meetings between Reagan, Gorbachev and Bush between 1985 and 1990, and the transcripts which include direct quotes by top leaders, as far as the interpreters and the notetakers managed to capture them. Important sources are the excerpts from the transcripts of the foreign ministers--Eduard Shevardnadze, Alexander Bessmertnykh, George Shultz, and James Baker--especially when they go face to face with the president or the general secretary. The summit conversations fueled a process of learning on both sides. Geneva 1985 and Reykjavik 1986 reduced Moscow's sense of threat and unleashed Reagan's inner abolitionist. Malta 1989 and Washington 1990 helped dampen any superpower sparks that might have flown in a time of revolutionary change in Europe, set off by Gorbachev and by Eastern Europeans (Solidarity, dissidents, reform communists). The high level and scope of the dialogue between these world leaders was unprecedented and appears to be largely missing in today's world"--Provided by publisher

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword: Biography, Ethics, and Statecraft -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I: War -- 1. "Bodyguard of Lies": Franklin D. Roosevelt and Defensible Deceit in World War II -- 2. Political Leadership and "Dirty Hands": Winston Churchill and the City Bombing of Germany -- 3. No End of a Lesson: Vietnam and the Nature of Moral Choice in Foreign Policy -- 4. Noncombatant Immunity and Civilian Liability in Contemporary Asymmetric Warfare -- Part II: Peacemaking -- 5. Power and Principle: The Statecraft of Theodore Roosevelt -- 6. The Higher Realism of Woodrow Wilson -- 7. Responsibility to Protect: Preventing Genocide and Mass Atrocities -- Part III: Transformation -- 8. Realism and Idealism in Historical Perspective: Otto von Bismarck -- 9. Konrad Adenauer, Arms, and the Redemption of Germany -- 10. Eduard Shevardnadze and the End of the Soviet System: Necessity and Choice -- Part IV: Emerging Issues -- 11. "The Lady Doth Protest Too Much": Intervention and the Turn to Ethics in International Law -- 12. Human Security -- 13. Drone Ethics -- 14. Ethics and Targeted Sanctions -- Selected Bibliography -- About the Editor and Contributors -- Index