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This article examines the discourse of older people in the communication space of the Internet – the social network Vkontakte – through the prism of speech genres (RG). Science knows a large number of works on the topic of discourse, scientists do not lose interest in genre studies – the relevance of this work is due to the fact that earlier the issue of the discourse of older people on the social network VKontakte was not considered, and the features of the Internet texts of pensioners were not identified. This article contains a brief theoretical presentation of the research topic, in particular, the author relies on the scientific works of N.D. Arutyunova and M.M. Bakhtin, practical material and conclusions to the text analyzes carried out – the intentional component of the selected news entries and the dominant speech genres in the comments of older users to publications. The subject of the research is speech genres in the discourse of pensioners (based on comments to news publications). The goal is to identify the features of the discourse of older people on the VKontakte social network. The material for the work was the posts of the "News for pensioners" group on the topics "Politics" and "Medicine" and the comments of subscribers to them. The audience of the named group is 55+, subscribers prefer the lexeme "retired" to the definition of "elderly". The methodological basis of the research is made up of linguistic analyzes of texts – content and intent analysis; when describing RJ, the speech genre model developed by T.V. Shmeleva and the RJ formula by A. Vezhbitska were used. Thus, in the course of the study, a content analysis of the News for Seniors group, an intent analysis of publications was carried out, and the leading speech genres in the comments of older people were identified. In total, ten publications on the topics "Politics" and "Medicine" were considered (five on each topic), there were 200 comments to these news entries (114 – "Medicine", 86 – "Politics").

The purpose of the article is to study the anxiety and fears expressed by users of local Internet communities of the VKontakte social network during the first wave of the coronavirus pandemic. The collection of primary sociological information was carried out using the content analysis procedure. The article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of the context of the use of the keyword "coronavirus". The manifestation of anxiety among community subscribers varied over the study period. At the first stage (the stage of denial), users of the social network doubted the reality of the impending danger. At the next stage (comprehension), there was an understanding of the seriousness of the situation. Awareness of the impending danger comes with the appearance of regular news about the statistics of morbidity and mortality among the inhabitants of the region. Lockdown, restrictive measures and information pressure of the media, seeking to correct the habitual behavior of people, led to the formation of collective fears among the population. The representation of medical and informational fears prevailed. The third stage (routinization) is characterized by a gradual decrease in the mention of the keyword and predominantly practice-oriented comments. A decline in the number of messages from users describing information and medical fears was recorded, at the same time, their anxiety about the economic consequences of the pandemic was revealed. Once the amount of information consumed is comparable to the daily experience of a person, the anxiety caused by the spread of the coronavirus pandemic decreases.

Abstract. Research on humor and laughter is carried out in many areas of cognitive linguistics and psychology, psycho- and sociolinguistics. Humor is viewed as a positive emotion evoked by the cognitive processes of evaluating comical utterances in various social settings (Martin, 2007). The aim of the paper is explore the cognitive and pragmatic aspects of the Ukrainian military humorous discourse in social media. To this end, linguistic methods of discourse analysis, contextual and intuitive logical interpretative analysis, and a psycholinguistic method of content analysis were applied. The study is based on the selected corpus of Internet memes and amusing comments taken from social media and further divided into thematic groups. The results of the study indicate that constructive humor comprising 47 per cent of the analyzed texts tend to be more popular than other psycholinguistic types. Its pragmatic purpose is to provide a positive impact on the process of group formation due to its capacity to facilitate interpersonal contacts between individuals by evoking positive emotions. Self-sustaining humor embracing 33 per cent of the analyzed texts manifests the speaker's ability to preserve a humorous viewpoint of any life events. "Black humor" and derogatory humor are less frequent in the Ukrainian Army discourse of social media covering only 20 per cent of all analyzed texts.

The object of the study are representatives of Russian political elite and their electorate in social networks. The aim of the study is to assess the impact on the electoral potential of politicians of their online communications with their audiences. The main quantitative indicators of the presence and activity of the Russian public politicians on Facebook, Instagram and Youtube, successful interaction forms between government representatives and the society, indexes of popularity, activity, audience loyalty, as well as visual features of the accounts' content were analysed. Feedback in the accounts of current politicians was assessed, including containing critical discourse. According to the results of the study, the author concluded that the creation of a full-fledged feedback channel with a potential electorate positively affects the image of a public politician, allows reducing the feedback amount with negative comments, is a successful interaction form between a politician and the electorate and increases his electoral potential. However, the Russian politicians are not sufficiently prepared to establish communication with the potential electorate via social media. ; Объектом исследования являются представители российской политической элиты и их электорат в социальных сетях. Цель исследования – оценка влияния на электоральный потенциал политиков их интернет-коммуникаций со своей аудиторией. Анализировались основные количественные показатели присутствия и активности российских публичных политиков в Facebook, Instagram и Youtube, успешные формы взаимодействия между представителями власти и обществом, индексы популярности, активности, лояльности аудитории, а также визуальные особенности контента аккаунтов. Оценивалась обратная связь в аккаунтах действующих политиков, в том числе содержащая критический дискурс. По итогам исследования сделаны выводы, что создание полноценного канала обратной связи с потенциальным электоратом положительно влияет на образ публичного политика, позволяет уменьшать количество ...

В статье рассматривается роль социальных медиа в мобилизации протестных настроений и активизации политических протестов в различных странах мира. ; The events of recent decades show that social media are becoming the leading instrument of political struggle, and political struggle in its most destructive forms, which actualizes further comprehension of this phenomenon of political life. The article examines the role of social media in mobilizing protest sentiments and intensifying political protests of the last decade in various countries of the world.

Social media are widely used by politicized audience and politicians. The article examines the problems of interaction between the state and society on social media. The paper highlights the policy of the Russian state aimed at both stimulating the use of new communication tools and controlling them. It is demonstrated that social media are neutral and the way they display depends on their acquired qualities in the certain political system. ; Социальные сети широко используются политически активной частью общества и политиками. Статья посвящена проблемам взаимодействия государства и общества в социальных сетях. Освещается политика российского государства, направленная на стимулирование использования новых коммуникационных инструментов и контроль этого использования. Показано, что социальные сети нейтральны сами по себе, а то, как они проявляют себя, зависит от тех качеств, которые они приобретают в конкретной политической системе.

The article presents the results of applied political research, the purpose of which is to determine the scale, mobilization potential, social base, and digital communication technologies of protest-oriented information flow in the Russian segment of social media on the eve of the Single Voting Day of 2021. The cognitive mapping implemented in the study made it possible to identify the meaningful characteristics of the information flow. The social media analysis made it possible to determine the dynamic and structural characteristics of the information flow, the gender and age specifics of the users involved in it, as well as quantitative characteristics of the activity of key communities forming protest information flows. The method of social
graphs revealed the structure of interaction between the opposition and protest communities of Telegram in 2021. The event analysis carried out during the study made it possible to fix the key peaks of growth in the dynamics of user activity around protest events and discourses. On this basis, it was possible to identify the triggers used to involve users in protest information flows (elections, law enforcement agencies, vaccination, socio-economic problems), typologize the communities forming the protest information flow (protest aggregator communities, news aggregator communities, local analytics communities), and model of mass protest mobilization (primary trigger — secondary trigger — offline protest).

This article examines social media as a relatively new tool of electoral and political activity aimed at creating a positive image of political parties and candidates to the European Parliament. In the modern world of politics it is becoming increasingly important due to such factors as the growing number of World Wide Web users, the decline in the traditional media popularity and the rapid spread of new media, as well as the transformation of the Internet space into the platform for active political interactions. The key role in realizing the task of forming political image belongs to political institutions (parties, state bodies), politicians and social activists, as well as population representatives. The analysis of the efforts of various political subjects in the social media roughly demonstrates three functions of this new phenomenon: social media as a turnout increase tool, as a tool of increasing the recognition of candidates and parties by population; as a tool of informing the population about political and electoral processes in society. Currently, the main obstacle for the strategic research in this area is the fact that social networking technologies are rapidly developing, that embarrasses in making long-term prediction on its use. In spite of the absence of recognized criteria giving the opportunity to evaluate political activity in social media, the key efficiency criteria and success factor is so called "permanent presence" of electoral activity subjects in the Internet. (author's abstract)

Introduction. New information and communication technologies determine changes in social being which are expected to be investigated. The aim and the tasks of the article are to discuss the influence of Information age media on the social consciousness. Research methods. The theoretical understanding of the media culture phenomenon is carried out on the basis of systemic, cultural, historical and sociocultural approaches. Research results: Particular attention is paid to the impact of the information revolution on media culture, which is reflected in informatization, formation of the global information and communication space, virtualization of different spheres of society, segmentation of the audience of mass media according to their interests and hobbies, creation of social networks as a new form of social interactions based on interactivity of communication. The study shows that mass media demassification strengthens the trends of cultural pluralism, cultural standards, multiculturalization and formation of multicultural identities. Discussion.The author of the study draws attention to the fact of growing manipulating possibilities supported by the modern mass media during social and political crises, in the periods of absence of clear and convincing arguments for the social course held, disintegration of society and social disorientation associated with it. Conclusion. Taking into account that the latest information technologies in the field of mass media lead to diverse changes in the socio-cultural environment as a non-linear system with a multilevel structure, it is important to investigate further the integration function of the media being a mediator of the symbolic exchange of cultural values by members of different civilizations and autonomous elements of the social system of the society ; В статье рассматривается влияние медиа информационной эпохи на общественное сознание. Исследуются изменения в общественном бытии, которые детерминируются новыми информационно-коммуникационными технологиями. ...

The article presents the results of the analysis of the digital infrastructure of civil and political participation of Russians, it shows the connections between the audiences of online network communities, reflecting markers of the attitude of Russian social media users to the current government and indicators of the involvement of Russian citizens in the implementation of social initiatives. To construct graphs, we used a tool for unloading information and modeling the infrastructure of social connections of graphs, created on the basis of the programming language R. Additionally, the vkR packages were used to unload information from the VKontakte social network, as well as the igraph and ggraph packages for working with graphs and arcdiagram for visualisation. To interpret the empirical data, the principles of the network approach and the methodology of smart search for digital markers of socio-political processes were applied. As a result of the study, indicators of the density of communications between digital groups of political and civil participation were revealed, and the intersection of their audiences was established. Segments of the infrastructure of connections are shown both for all socio-media communities (research cases) and for each block of communities classified on two grounds: orientation (loyal or critically oriented towards the authorities) and type of group (political or civil). The intersection of audiences of loyalist and oppositional online communities was revealed and reflected in the graphs. The disunity and distance between loyalist, conventional audiences of groups carrying out political communication from civil groups, who are also constructively disposed towards the authorities, are shown. Revealed and graphically interpreted the techniques of capturing the user audience in the activities of opposition online leaders. Risks of a low density of connections between audiences of loyal social media communities have been substantiated. A relatively high density of connections has been established between opposition political online groups aimed at forming unconventional, deconsolidating attitudes of Russian social media users. Basic measures have been formulated to overcome the danger of consolidating supporters of opposition digital groups and the risks of increasing the influence of critical online leaders among the loyalist audience.

Роль социальных медиа в современном мире продолжает неуклонно расти. Они активно внедряются во многие сферы жизни общества, государства и личности. Особый интерес социальные медиа представляют для государственных органов, т.к., во-первых, социальные медиа аккумулируют огромные аудитории, во-вторых, они имеют широкий инструментарий, позволяющий осуществлять практически все виды информационно-пропагандистских мероприятий, отслеживать обратную связь, формировать имидж государства и государственных органов. Все указанное выше актуально для Республики Беларусь, т.к. страна в целом нацелена на инновационное развитие и внедрение высоких технологий во все сферы жизни общества, в том числе и государственное управление. Стоит отметить, что население республики активно использует Интернет в целом и социальные медиа в частности. Изучаемые платформы могут применяться государственным органами любого уровня. Однако потенциал социальных медиа в наибольшей степени раскрывается при их использовании крупными и известными среди населения государственными органами. Именно поэтому мы акцентируем внимание на республиканских органах государственного управления Беларуси. В данном исследовании мы проанализируем активность РОГУ в различных видах социальных медиа и попытаемся выявить основные паттерны деятельности государственных органов на изучаемых платформах. Помимо этого, рассмотрим основные проблемы и перспективы использования социальных медиа республиканскими органами государственного управления Республики Беларусь и предложим ряд рекомендаций, которые помогут повысить эффективность их применения и еще больше раскрыть потенциал данных площадок в контексте государственного управления. ; The role of social media in the modern world continues to grow steadily. They are actively being introduced into many areas of society, the state and the individual. Social media are of particular interest to government agencies, because, firstly, social media accumulate huge audiences, and secondly, they have a wide range of tools that can carry out almost all types of outreach activities, track feedback, and shape the image of the state and government bodies. All of the above is relevant for the Republic of Belarus, as the country as a whole is aimed at innovative development and implementation of high technologies in all spheres of society, including government. It should be noted that the population of the Republic actively uses the Internet in general and social media in particular. The platforms under study can be used by government bodies at any level. However, the potential of social media is revealed to the greatest extent when used by large and well-known public authorities among the population. That is why we focus on the Republican government bodies of Belarus. In this study, we will analyze the activity in various types of social media and try to identify the main patterns of government activity on the platforms studied. In addition, we will consider the main problems and prospects for the use of social media by the Republican government bodies of the Republic of Belarus and offer a number of recommendations that will help increase the efficiency of their application and further reveal the potential of these sites in the context of government.

Цифровые технологии обусловили формирование нового уровня социокультурного пространства, который выразился в перманентном присутствии в повседневности феномена виртуальной реальности. Она является мотивирующим инструментом социальных и политических преобразований общества, которые заключаются в ускорении ритма причинно-следственной связи «общественное настроениеàобщественное мнениеàсоциальное действие массы». Понимание изменившегося темпоритма социальных явлений актуализирует проблему формирования систем детекции текущего общественного настроения, что может явиться базисом обратной связи между властью и обществом. То есть мониторинг общественного настроения как реакции на социальную и политическую ситуацию.В статье рассматриваются две техники тематического моделирования – LDA и LSA. Они применяются к набору новостных анонсов, которые были опубликованы в период 2020 и 2021 года в социальных сетях официальных средств массовой информации. Целью проводимого анализа является обнаружение наиболее освещаемых в СМИ тем. На следующем этапе проводится анализ динамики обсуждения этих тем в неформальных публичных беседах пользователей социальных сетей. Таким образом, тематическое моделирование используется как прикладной метод, при этом на первый план выступает задача качественного выделения тематических кластеров, так как в дальнейшем это повлияет на репрезентативность выводов об общественном настроении. ; Digital technologies have led to the formation of the new level of socio-cultural space, which is expressed in the permanent presence of the phenomenon of virtual reality in everyday life. It is the main motivating tool for social and political transformations of society, which consist in accelerating the logical bound "public mood à public opinion à social action of the masses". Understanding these changes in social phenomena actualizes the problem of forming systems for detecting the current public mood, which can be the basis of feedback between the authorities and society, or monitoring public mood as a reaction to the social and political situation.This study would work on topic modeling focused on the algorithm employing Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). The data collection of news announcements, that were published between 2020 and 202, is used as the main data resours with unstructed text. The stages of preprocessing include cleansing, stemming, and stop words. The advantages of LSA are fast and easy to implement. LSA, on the other hand, doesn't consider the relationship between documents in the corpus, while LDA does. This study shows that LDA gives a better result than LSA.

Currently, digital platforms can act as venues for formulating collective purposes and identities. Digital communication is turning into one of the main ways to interact with wider audiences. Increased political competition and the necessity to gain voters' attention require political parties to use all communication channels with target groups. New media are one of the tools for interaction with the electorate. They are becoming increasingly universal, mobile. The power of persuasive influence on the political consciousness and values of citizens is growing, thanks to the ability to spread information on the Internet through leaders of public opinion, the creation of communities of like-minded people. The article identified the most significant factors contributing to the success of the party New People and United Russia party at the federal and regional elections of to 2021. One of these factors is using social media to promote party programs amongst the general population of the electoral age. On the example of the Sverdlovsk region, the authors carried out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of social networks of the young "New People" and United Russia, which have been part of the State Duma and the local legislative bodies for many years. An important conclusion is that the party "New People" has managed to effectively use social media when working with different segments of voters to realize the population request for renewal of the composition of the federal and local legislative bodies. ; В настоящее время цифровые платформы способны выступать площадками формулирования коллективных целей и идентичностей. Цифровые коммуникации становятся одним из главных способов взаимодействия с широкими аудиториями. Повышенная политическая конкуренция, необходимость добиться внимания избирателей требуют от политических партий использования всех каналов коммуникации с целевыми группами. Новые медиа являются одним из инструментов для взаимодействия с электоратом. Они становятся все более универсальными, мобильными, увеличивается сила убеждающего воздействия на политическое сознание и ценностные установки граждан благодаря возможности распространения информации в Интернете через лидеров общественных мнений, создание сообществ единомышленников. В статье выявлены наиболее существенные факторы, оказавшие влияние на успех партий «Новые люди» и «Единая Россия» на федеральных и региональных выборах 2021 года. Одним из таких факторов является использование социальных медиа для продвижения партийных программ среди широких слоев населения электорального возраста. На примере Свердловской области проведен сравнительный анализ эффективности использования социальных сетей молодой партией «Новые люди» и партией «Единая Россия», входящей уже многие годы в Государственную Думу и законодательные органы власти регионов. Делается важный вывод о том, что партии «Новые люди» удалось эффективно использовать социальные сети при работе с разными группами избирателей, реализовать запрос населения на обновление состава законодательных органов страны и регионов.

Book Review: Ceron, Andrea. Social Media and Political Accountability Bridging the Gap between Citizens and Politicians. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 236 p. ; Рецензия на книгу: Ceron, Andrea. Social Media and Political Accountability Bridging the Gap between Citizens and Politicians. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 236 p.