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In: International affairs, Band 42, Heft 3, S. 519-520
ISSN: 1468-2346
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 27, Heft 1, S. 185-189
ISSN: 0020-8701
In terms of the numbers of professional social scientists & social science publications, the social sciences are thriving in Japan because of the expansion of higher education & the high literacy rate of the Japanese public. Problems still exist; before these can be discussed, it is necessary to present a brief historical background of the social sciences in Japan from the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912) to the post-war period. The present institutional framework of social science education & research (mainly in the U's) is described. Some of the current issues with regard to the development of the social sciences in Japan are: (1) insufficiency of research funding, (2) excessive reliance on government sources (as opposed to nongovernmental foundations) for funding, (3) rigidity of the faculty system which prevents the establishment of some of the newer disciplines such as cultural anthropology & international relations, & (4) lack of knowledge outside Japan of the work of Japanese social scientists since their works are not published in English. Perspectives for the future are discussed. J. N. Mayer.
In: Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung, Band 6, Heft 3, S. 665-666
In: Theory and History in the Human and Social Sciences Ser.
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 36, Heft 4, S. 615-625
ISSN: 0020-8701
The effects on scientific development of treating social science as a commodity are analyzed. The commodification of science is traced to the industrial revolution, where increased competition induced corporate & state investment in research & development. Eventually, capital is seen as having departmentalized scientific investigation & monopolized certain aspects & findings. A divorce of science from social need results from such treatment. A brief discussion of postcolonial Africa shows the effects of teaching social science courses grounded in imperialistic ideology. An increase in the scope & depth of social science criticism would shed further light on the conditions under which research is produced. 3 Illustrations. R. McCarthy.
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 55, Heft 3, S. 377-380
ISSN: 0020-8701
There seems to be a mismatch between the societal demand for social-science knowledge & the supply of knowledge from the social sciences. The need for a reassessment of the way the social sciences operate & their role & status in society, is the main raison d'etre of the World Social Science Initiative (WSSI), promoted by the International Social Science Council. The WSSI, which emerged as a follow-up to an OECD International Conference Series, "Re-Thinking the Social Sciences," supported by the European Commission's Research Directorate-General & UNESCO's Management of Social Transformations (MOST) Programme, offers a flexible framework for enhancing both the scientific quality & the social relevance of the social sciences. Adapted from the source document.
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 39, Heft May 87
ISSN: 0020-8701
Briefly sketches the history of formal education in major institutes and professional associations and international co-operation in the social sciences in Ireland. Concludes that its development has been relatively late, slow and small when compared with the metropolitan countries of Europe. (GAW)
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 50, S. 319-320
ISSN: 0020-8701
(Originally published in the International Social Science Bulletin, 1949, 1, 1/2.) Discusses the integration of the social sciences into UNESCO in the immediate post-WWII period. While the need to include the social sciences was evident to all, several dilemmas were immediately raised: unrealistic expectations that the social sciences might contribute to global problems in a similar manner as the sciences; difficulties in integrating different conceptions of the social sciences developed in different regions of the world; establishing the relation of the social sciences to the humanities; & the absence of national social science organizations that might contribute to an international body. Efforts to solve these dilemmas over the organization's first 18 months are described. It is suggested that four main lines of activity were particularly fruitful: a project on tensions affecting human understanding; an international collaboration project; intensive work in political science as especially requiring international treatment; & a progressive international organization of the social sciences. D. Ryfe
World Affairs Online
In: International encyclopedia of the social sciences 19
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 32, Heft 3, S. 567-569
ISSN: 0020-8701
In 1977 the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was formed, with 21 institutes covering a variety of areas. The fundamental principles guiding social science research conducted by this institute & other Chinese agencies include integration of theory & practice & the encouragement of diverse viewpoints. While this second policy was suppressed during the Cultural Revolution, it is now once again being supported. W. H. Stoddard.
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 33, Heft 4, S. 596-610
ISSN: 0020-8701
The possible contributions of history to social scientific knowledge are explored. Many historians find the social sciences unsatisfactory, criticizing their tendency to abstract & generalize, often from a single historical situation, & their inability to explain the actions of specific individuals in specific situations. It must also be noted, however, that the criticisms of historians are often based on a misunderstanding of social science goals. History offers an expanded range of cases against which general theories can be tested. However, questions of method inescapably arise when it is used for this purpose. Much of the new social scientific history has tended to neglect issues of theory & method. Problems arise in particular through the use of vaguely defined concepts & because of the fragmentary character of historical data, which require more sophisticated methods of statistical analysis than historians normally use. The historical method tends to resemble that of law more than that of science. Social scientific history differs from traditional history in treating diversity not as an end in itself, but as a means to the development of more general theories. Any such attempt, however, must deal with the obstacles of fragmentary historical sources, formulation of strong working theories, & sophisticated mathematical methodologies. W. H. Stoddard.
In: International social science journal: ISSJ, Band 39, Heft Feb 87
ISSN: 0020-8701
Traces the history of the social sciences in Canada from 1870 to the present day. Argues that in order to contribute to the world's body of knowledge, Canadian social scientists need to be effectively linked at the national level and also to be in closer contact with the international scientific community. To do this there is a primary need for adequate funding for the training of social science researchers. (AM)
In: The review of politics, Band 13, S. 354-374
ISSN: 0034-6705