Suchergebnisse

The problem of social justice plays one of the central roles in modern political philosophy, and since 1970s it has been subject to vehement debate. Although social justice is a multifaceted phenomenon, distributive (economic) justice, associated with the fair distribution of goods in society, remains its most important aspect. Almost all modern theories of distributive justice follow one of the two classical ethical traditions: deontological and utilitarian. However, since the second half of the 20th century, a third ethical tradition has started to emerge — virtue ethics, whose proponents criticized both deontology and utilitarianism. The emphasis on virtue that lies at the heart of the new tradition assumes a shift in focus from a universal rule to individual decisions of a separate person. This change in perspective makes it much more difficult to use virtue ethics to construct theories of social justice. Nevertheless, such attempts are being made. Among them is the so-called capabilities approach of the American philosopher Martha Nussbaum, which has become quite widely known in the scientific community. Nussbaum has reconsidered Aristotle's philosophy, updating its key provisions for the modern world. By shifting the main focus from the category of virtue to the category of opportunity, she attempted to justify the idea of an "Aristotelian welfare state" with a high level of redistribution of goods in society. The article is devoted to the analysis of Nussbaum's concept. Having carefully considered its key tenets, D.Balashov shows that this experience of building a political and philosophical theory of justice on the basis of virtue ethics was not crowned with success. Although declared as Aristotelian in spirit, the capabilities approach in fact has a weak relation to Aristotle's teachings, which, in particular, points to the problems that modern authors face when they are trying to draw on the heritage of the distant past.

The purpose of the work is to establish the historical context of the formation of the concept of communication as a scientific discipline, to analyse modern theoretical approaches to the study of communication, to study the relationship between culture and communication in terms of moral and ethical norms. The research methodology is based on the use of methods of collecting and analysing information from available open sources, in particular, from reports of all-Ukrainian sociological surveys and studies of intercultural experience in the world. The conceptual methodological basis of the research is a systematic analysis of communication as an integral part of human life and culture, which is constantly evolving under the influence of changes in the modern world. The scientific novelty lies in the study of modern trends in the development of communication processes and the formation of new forms of intercultural communication. In addition, the study reveals the impact of modern technologies on communication processes and their interaction with cultural, social, and political aspects of society. This study is particularly important for the field of musical culture, as it shows the role of intercultural communication in the development of this field. Conclusions. The study found that communication as a process of information transfer is an integral part of the concept of culture. Interaction between cultural groups in the modern world depends on communication, which makes it possible to reduce the distance between cultures and increase understanding between them. Intercultural communication helps Ukrainian culture to preserve its uniqueness, as well as to develop and interact with other cultures to gain new knowledge and views, new experience, in particular in the field of music. Research in the field of intercultural communication is important for the development of social sciences, as it allows for a better understanding of the cultural and social processes that occur in different cultural communities.
Key words: Ukrainian culture, musical art, intercultural communication, multi-ethnicity.

In effectively confronting the Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to complement the contributions of Biomedical Sciences to those offered by the Human Sciences. The theoretical foundations derived from the treatment of the interaction of the infectious agent with the host, primates in formatting the guidelines adopted by the World Health Organization, faced strong opposition from government officials in countries such as Brazil, giving rise to critical pronouncements by researchers in the biomedical sciences in space offered by important scientific journals. Despite being fruitful and strategic in nature, we feel encouraged to consider the objective limits of such investiture, a direct reflection of the lack of dialogue with the Human Sciences, in the field of politics and, mainly, of urbanism. Taking as a starting point the unfolding of the phenomenon in Brazil, specifically in the metropolis of Fortaleza-Ceará, we will show how the "denial" posture is inserted in a broader context, encompassing both a representative political framework of a federative government and including postures of insurgency of the Local Governments (of the federative states) in relation to the Central Government as social and economic aspects that characterize a westernized country to establish impactful filtering genre in the implementation of policies of ordering and control of the singular space. In these terms, the drastic expansion of Covid-19 in Brazil denotes a paradoxical picture to represent: a political context of resistance by Local Governments to minimize the controversial actions and attitudes of the Central Government, specifically the creation of the Forum of Governors in the Northeast to guarantee incorporation WHO international guidelines; a trajectory of unequal and perverse modernization that corroborates the indication of a high number of cases and, mainly, deaths in precarious urbanization areas of cities such as Fortaleza, establishing the periphery as the territory of death, registered in areas with a high social vulnerability index of negatively impact the effective implementation of the social isolation policy.

Abstract
Like other post-Soviet countries, Lithuania inherited large residential care institutions for people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities. The reform aimed at relocating these people to community-based group homes has been met with opposition, and the communities see it as a threat to their habitus. The news media has become an important actor in this process, in its attempt to reproduce public discourse accompanying such social change.
Research using case study methodology was implemented to explore the ethical aspects of community participation in deinstitutionalization. It involved observation of different public meetings between central government and communities, content analysis of gathered data and discourse analysis of the news media publications on a resonant case of opposition to the deinstitutionalization. Although other accounts of ethics privilege those of the individual worker or organization, this article looks at the ethics of multiple actors—including the community as an actor, and thus understands ethics as multiple, dynamic and intersecting. In this sense, the account is less about individual workers and more about communities and how they change and develop.
Different ethical attitudes of the main actors—Ministry of Social Security and Labour, local authorities, social care institutions and communities, shaping public and news media discourses about deinstitutionalization—were identified in the data collected. Initial unethical community discourse was met with critique from the society at large, and it forced communities to switch to 'fake' ethics arguments for opposing deinstitutionalization. Fake ethics was manifested as intentional disguise of prejudices against people with disabilities through citing ethical phrases of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, even though these words contradicted the actions of all parties participating in the discourse. Moreover, people with disabilities themselves, directly affected by the community prejudices, were absent both in public and media discourses, and this entails a risk for their successful inclusion into the community.

The Participatory Guarantee Systems (SGP) are a strategy for associative development, entrepreneurship and empowerment for rural producers around the world; SGPs are based on common principles and objectives, and are adjusted to the social, geographical and human realities of the producers who develop them. The purpose of the article is to identify structural elements of the SGP that contribute to its application by small rural producers in Colombia. For this, a literature review was carried out focused on compiling definitions, concepts and evidence on the SGP, then the background of productive dynamics at the level of rural communities was analyzed, later the link of the seals and certifications as inherent to the SGP was studied, with this interaction mechanism were recognized as was the case of social networks and marketing strategies; coming to present an analysis of the situation of the SGP for the Colombian case. It is found that in Colombia the structural aspects of the SGP have aroused interest in the perspective of local markets and self-certification models for producers, associations, non-governmental organizations, educational centers, buyers and governmental entities; likewise, the importance of the context as a point for the adaptation and implementation of the SGP, articulating efforts towards quality of life, associativity, sustainability and fulfillment of value promises at the market level that is intervened. It is recommended that all actors interested in communicating the SGP work together and that success stories be highlighted to promote the applicability of the SGP as a development strategy for the country's rural population. ; Los Sistemas de Garantía Participativos (SGP) son una estrategia de desarrollo asociativo, emprenderismo y empoderamiento para productores rurales de todo el mundo; los SGP se basan en principios y objetivos comunes, y se ajustan a las realidades sociales, geográficas y humanas de los productores que los desarrollan. El artículo tiene como propósito identificar ...

This article seeks to locate conceptual references in order to understand the effects of the extractivist regional advanced on the ways of life from de collective health. That is, it appeal to the concept of social determination of health by wich health is understood as a psychosocial and relational process configured from a dialectical movement that articulates different dimensions of reality. It approaches the idea tha the deployment of extractivism produces effects on the health processes of population in integral terms, therefore it has imlications in different aspects of daily life. In this sence the demands and struggles on the part of different subjects can be read as movilizations linked to the defense or reinvention of ways of living. Then, extractivism finds tensions in confrontations of community nature that are rooted in the dynamics of social movements and other organizational experiences in the region. By the way, there has been a revitalization of the notion of community as a political category which allows to emphasize the community as processes linked to the networks of support, production and reproduction of life. This is fertile for collective health as it allows revisiting the frameworks of understanding and territorial approach to anchor them in a consideration of multiple capillary networks that give shape to daily life. ; El escrito busca ubicar referencias conceptuales para comprender el efecto de la avanzada extractivista regional sobre los modos de vida desde la salud colectiva latinoamericana. Es decir, se recurre al concepto de determinación social de la salud, por el que se entiende la salud como proceso psicosocial y relacional configurado a partir de un movimiento dialéctico que articula distintas dimensiones de la realidad.En tanto el despliegue del extractivismo produce efectos sobre la integralidad de los procesos de salud-enfermedad de las poblaciones, sus efectos tienen implicancias sobre distintos aspectos de la vida cotidiana. Así, las reivindicaciones y luchas por parte de ...

In this mini-dissertation, I investigate the manifestation of the political is personal, or rather the structural as personal, by examining what women's experiences within the city of Cape Town reveals about structural, social, and political structures as they relate to safety. This is done through critically reflecting upon both the participatory creation process and conducting a qualitative content analysis of each episode of the web series Thinking Safety that I produced as the creative research component of this masters dissertation. The creation of this series used an interdisciplinary design-based ethnographic research methodology to prompt actionable discussions around the physical manifestations of the lack of structural safety. This paper explores the ways in which this methodology renders women's experiences more perceptible in its exploration of the tangible aspects of how safety and unsafety is experienced. The creative research explores the space between participants' realities and an imagined space of absolute safety and deliberates upon their responses that frame their experiences in relation to social, structural constructs, and spaces. Participants answer specific pre-researched questions that inquire upon safety, spatial navigation, responsibility and design and these responses are creatively compiled in the experimental web-series Thinking Safety which is reflected upon in this paper. This research reveals how the lack of structural safety has led to a distortion of the notion of responsibility as both patriarchal culture and state neglect has exacerbated the unsafety of women in Cape Town. Structural constructs are also viewed as being deliberately created, through the existence of harmful social-cultural norms and this neglect of structural responsibility. Safety mechanisms are then derived from the participant's responses, which deliberate upon imagination, responsibility, visibility, and ethical interdependency as mechanisms for safety creation. This conceptual imagination of safety ...

The main objective of this research has focused on determining the classification of femicide in Ecuador, considering the relevance of international conventions on women's rights in 2020, which allows proposing new reforms for the prevention and eradication of this type of crime. It also sought to identify the constitutive dimensions that intervene in the Ecuadorian legislation on femicide, including the legal and political controversies whose classification has generated, from social constructivism, determining if judicial processes for femicide developed in Ecuador are consistent with the proposals and commitments included in the international conventions on the rights of women.Each of the aspects included in this study was based on the paradigm of social constructivism, based on the legal construction that encompasses national legislation, analyzing the opinion of various experts in this area, which allowed us to delve into the problem of femicide from its classification and penalization. The results allowed to conclude that despite the classification of this crime in Ecuadorian legislation and the provisions established by international treaties, the issue of femicide in Ecuador continues to be a problem that results in effective State action. ; El objetivo principal de esta investigación se ha enfocado en determinar la tipificación del femicidio en Ecuador, considerando la relevancia de los convenios internacionales sobre los derechos de la mujer en el año 2020, lo cual permita proponer nuevas reformas para la prevención y erradicación de este tipo de delito. Se buscó, además identificar las dimensiones constitutivas que intervienen en la legislación ecuatoriana sobre el femicidio, incluyendo las controversias jurídicas y políticas cuya tipificación ha generado, desde el constructivismo social, determinando si procesos judiciales por femicidio desarrollados en Ecuador son coherentes con los planteamientos y compromisos incluidos en las Convenciones internacionales sobre los derechos de la mujer. Cada uno de ...

Acá se presentan algunos aspectos relativos al cambio en el uso, posesión y renta de las tierras que alguna vez pertenecieron al común de indios del pueblo de Zacualpa, a lo largo del siglo XVII. El punto de partida son unas generalidades con respecto al universo legal y administrativo que compartieron los reinos de las Indias occidentales cobijados por el imperio español. A continuación, nos sumergimos en la provincia de Los Llanos para mostrar sus particularidades geográficas, económicas, sociales y culturales. El grueso de este trabajo es el análisis de una docena de expedientes que dan cuenta de los vaivenes en la posesión y administración de los terrenos ubicados en Zacualpa: un pueblo desaparecido de la Depresión Central de Chiapas. El hilo conductor son los mecanismos legales que permitieron dichas transacciones agrarias. La apuesta metodológica es ilustrar la combinación de diferentes órdenes legales en medio de relaciones sociales cambiantes. ; Here we present some specific aspects of the change in the use, possession and rent of the communal lands that once belonged to the Indians of the village of Zacualpa, throughout the 17th century. We start with some generalities regarding the legal and administrative universe that were shared by the kingdoms of the West Indies sheltered by the Spanish empire. Then, we immerse ourselves in the province of Los Llanos to show its geographical, political, economic and cultural peculiarities. The bulk of this work is the analysis of a dozen of archival files that account for the fluctuations in the possession and administration of the land located in Zacualpa: a disappeared village of the Central Depression of Chiapas. The connecting thread is the legal mechanisms that allowed these agrarian transactions. Our methodological bet is to illustrate the combination of different legal orders in the midst of changing social relationships. ; Aqui se apresentam alguns aspectos relacionados à mudança nouso, posse e aluguel das terras que pertenceram ao índio comum da cidade ...

The paper aims to carry out a historical and cultural examination of the insufficiently studied social practice experience of Russian avant-garde artists: their innovative activities leading towards radical institutional modernization of artistic culture in the early years of Soviet power. An institution-and-system approach laid the methodological groundwork for the analysis since it is the phenomenon of the institute that integrates and regularizes various components of artistic culture: artistic consciousness, social subjects, their artistic practices and relationships, strategic and specific programs (goals, values and methods), economic, ideological and political conditions. The paper reflects upon the main paradigms and directions of the restructuring and systemic development of artistic culture and the creative role of avant-garde artists, the short but fruitful experience of their collaboration with the Soviet government. It started with the substantive coordination of the artistic avant-garde program and the ideological program of political power. Then this experience resumed in the avant-garde artists' work in state cultural management bodies, in their large-scale practical participation in artistic and cultural construction, which they tried to combine with their pioneering notions of art and its social role. V. Kandinsky, K. Malevich, A. Rodchenko, V.Tatlin, N. Punin were among the ideologists and leaders of this transformation program, many avant-garde artists also took part in its implementation. These efforts resulted in creating a network of artistic and cultural institutions of a new type, the formation and implementation of a new state policy in the field of artistic culture, the change in the principles and forms of organization and functioning of all aspects of artistic culture. The author concludes that the short tenure of avant-garde artists and the implementation of their institutional construction program had a significant impact on the development of artistic culture of the early Soviet ...

The outbreak of a novel corona virus or the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global crisis that affects all aspects of life. The health, economy, social, political and cultural crisis trigger the domino effect that lead to a humanitarian crisis. Since the virus was identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China at the end of 2019, it continues to radically affect the world. Globalization, that used to be about speed, progress, celebration, intimacy, and a sense of community, has now turned into slowness, decline, as well as physical and social distance. Indonesian government immediately took action by issuing a series of regulations, such as lockdown, self-isolation, and "new normal" habit when working and socializing; two of which are washing hands and wearing masks. Numerous communities experience stagnation in social, economic, political, cultural and artistic life, as well as the possibility of a food crisis due to the decline of their purchasing power. This situation prompts an initiative and contribution from the community members, including artists, to lend a hand. Art workers contribute in making the basic ends of the communities in need meet by providing masks and food for low-income families as well as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for medical personnel, such as nurses and doctors. Furthermore, several projects were also initiated by artists, namely "Dapur Aksi Berbagi", "Dapur Aksi Tetandur", "Rengeng-rengeng Sirep Pageblug Maskumambang" by LAURA "Climen Puppet Show: The Collaboration of a Puppeteer and a Painter", "Wrapped-Rice Art", Didi Kempot Online Concert, and "Panen Apa Hari Ini". These projects can be considered as humanitarian philanthropy, which from the perspective of contemporary art, is categorized as an art practice. This research uses the descriptive method. The researchers observe and record various philanthropic acts of these artists carefully in order to describe the events that take place. The researchers then answer why the projects can be categorized as art practices. This ...

Societal transformations are contested. The goals and visions of transformations, as well as the means and strategies to achieve them, are born in political conflict and power constellations. Which transformations are seen as desirable and possible by democratic majorities changes throughout history. This is the political reality where research for transformations finds itself. Technology assessment (TA), responsible research and innovation (RRI), and sustainability research (SR) are a part of such contestations. They engage in envisioning, debating, analyzing, and evaluating different visions of and options for the future. In this article we turn to visions of the future as a key aspect of societal contestation and the shaping of interfaces between research for transformations and society. Based on the approach of vision assessment developed in TA, we situate TA, RRI, and SR within visions of research and social order. We argue that in these politicized times it is increasingly necessary to understand how research relates to larger visions of society and the contested nature of transformations. We turn to one of the major contemporary visions for societal transformation: The Green New Deal (GND). This vision imagines a large-scale transformation of society and the economy towards sustainability and justice and is currently debated in major political institutions and social movements. It presents an ongoing case of the "making of the future", which is highly relevant for TA, RRI, and SR. We show how this vision is creating new knowledge and social arrangements and how it is opening up new possibilities for transformational research. The article discusses the implications that a possible further impact of GND visions in politics may have for TA, RRI, and SR, and, relatedly, how expertise and insights from TA, RRI, and SR could significantly add to the GND debate.

The progressive and significant increase in motor and sports activities has allowed it to gain great relevance in different everyday life contexts, thus recognizing the educational nature that sport has taken on over time and becoming an important aspect of all the main social interaction contexts. In recent years, the body and movement have gained significant space among the areas of pedagogical reflection, and so motor and sports activities represent a remarkably important dimension as specific systems of education, the conditions of educability of which must be highlighted so that sport can represent a context of life aimed at empowering all subjects. Therefore, pedagogy offers young people a balanced growth also from a socialization point of view, aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle, psychophysical well-being and the positive responses it generates throughout life. What emerges is the need to promote sports education, given its importance in the educational system starting from elementary school, up to secondary schools and universities. The need is to enhance the educational, sports, preventive, cultural and social purposes for the person's growth in a free and democratic environment, which values diversity and therefore inclusion. ; Il progressivo e considerevole aumento dell'attività motoria e sportiva ha permesso che essa assumesse grande rilevanza nei diversi contesti della vita quotidiana, riconoscendo così, la natura educativa che lo sport ha assunto nel tempo e diventando quindi, una componente di fondamentale interesse in tutti i principali contesti di interazione sociale. Il corpo e il movimento, hanno assunto negli ultimi anni, un significativo spazio tra gli ambiti di riflessione pedagogica, così le attività motorie e sportive rappresentano una dimensione notevolmente importante quali sistemi specifici di formazione, di cui vanno evidenziate le condizioni di educabilità necessarie affinché lo sport possa rappresentare un contesto di vita proteso verso l'emancipazione per tutti i soggetti. La ...

Given the historical and social significance of the current times, a new educational impetus is needed in schools, provided not least through the work of the teacher, who must responsibly take on the role both of facilitator, regarding the education of individual students, and at the same time, of a professional expertly capable of contributing to the reconstruction of a democratic citizenship. This calls for discernment in epistemological and didactic aspects of teaching, but also in ethical and political spheres. It is essential that teachers acquire competence in ethical and pedagogical areas from the start of their training, so that they are able to identify values and attitudes, shared by others in the profession, which can be translated into ethical and social education in schools. These ethical capabilities also enable teachers to build a community of practice, as a constitutive element of professional identity, with the ideal of life-long training in view. The practices in which the teacher is involved call for adherence to an ethic of responsibility that must be developed by everyone working in education, not individually, but collectively and adopting a reflective approach, nurturing a community of teaching professionals ready to avow, express and take on pedagogical and educational values that will shape the direction of learning in school. ; L'attuale momento storico-sociale richiede che si dia nuovo vigore educativo alla scuola, anche mediante l'operato dell'insegnante messo in grado di rivestire responsabilmente il ruolo di facilitatore per la formazione della persona-studente e di rappresentare, al contempo, un professionista esperto nel contribuire alla ricostruzione di una cittadinanza democratica. Egli è quindi chiamato a compiere scelte epistemologiche, didattiche, ma anche etiche e politiche. Diviene fondamentale fornire l'insegnante di competenze etico-pedagogiche sin dalla sua formazione iniziale, così da individuare valori e orientamenti, condivisi dai professionisti educativi, che si ...

The increasingly pervasive role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our societies is radically changing the way that social interaction takes place within all fields of knowledge. The obvious opportunities in terms of accuracy, speed and originality of research are accompanied by questions about the possible risks and the consequent responsibilities involved in such a disruptive technology. In recent years, this twofold aspect has led to an increase in analyses of the ethical and political implications of AI. As a result, there has been a proliferation of documents that seek to define the strategic objectives of AI together with the ethical precautions required for its acceptable development and deployment. Although the number of documents is certainly significant, doubts remain as to whether they can effectively play a role in safeguarding democratic decision-making processes. Indeed, a common feature of the national strategies and ethical guidelines published in recent years is that they only timidly address how to integrate civil society into the selection of AI objectives. Although scholars are increasingly advocating the necessity to include civil society, it remains unclear which modalities should be selected. If both national strategies and ethics guidelines appear to be neglecting the necessary role of a democratic scrutiny for identifying challenges, objectives, strategies and the appropriate regulatory measures that such a disruptive technology should undergo, the question is then, what measures can we advocate that are able to overcome such limitations? Considering the necessity to operate holistically with AI as a social object, what theoretical framework can we adopt in order to implement a model of governance? What conceptual methodology shall we develop that is able to offer fruitful insights to governance of AI? Drawing on the insights of classical pragmatist scholars, we propose a framework of democratic experimentation based on the method of social inquiry. In this article, we first summarize ...