Suchergebnisse

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Entstehen und der Wirkung von Ohnmacht. Vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener sozialpsychologischer Machttheorien und -ansätze sowie vor dem Hintergrund kontroll-, stress und ressourcentheoretischer Ansätze wird ein transaktionales Modell der Entstehung und Bewältigung von Ohnmacht entwickelt, in dem die Wahrnehmungs- und Bewertungprozesse von ohnmachtsrelevanten Situationen, Ressourcen und Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten im Mittelpunkt stehen.Diese theoretischen Ueberlegungen werden auf des Feld psychosozialer Arbeit übertragen, wobei Macht und Ohnmachtsaspekte verschiedener Ebenen von der politischen Ebene bis hin zur PatientenInnenebene nachgezeichnet werden. Die genaue Analyse von Machtstrukturen über alle Systemebenen hinweg muss in der Supervision der Ausgangspunkt aller weiteren Ueberlegungen sein.Ob Bewältigung i.S. von Bemächtigung oder Bewältigung i.S. von Einsicht in reale Ohnmacht im Einzelfall als supervisorische Strategie zum Tragen kommt, ist abhängig von den realen und subjektiv wahrgenommenen Strukturen, Ressourcen und Bewältigungsmöglichkeiten von SupervisandInnen und hat Auswirkungen auf alle Systemebenen. Dabei ist nicht zuletzt der Einfluß des/r SupervosorsIn selbst von Bedeutung, denn sein/ihr Verhältnis zum Thema Macht bzw. zu Ohnmacht hat i.S. von Expertenmacht wesentliche Auswirkungen auf die Behandlung des Themas in Supervisionssituationen. ; This article is concerned with the genesis and the effects of powerlessness. Based on several social-psychological power-theories and -approaches and based on control-, stress- and resource-theories, a transactional model of genesis and coverage of powerlessness is developped, in which processes of subjective perception and valuation of relevant situations, resources and coping abilities are central. These theoretic reflections are transferred to the field of social and welfare work.Thereby aspects of power and powerlessness in several levels (from political level as to the patients level) are reproduced. The exact analysis ...

Die im Jahr 2020 in Deutschland praktizierte Siedlungs- und Wohnungspolitik erhält in Anbetracht ihrer Auswirkungen auf die soziale und ökologische Lage einen bitteren Beigeschmack. Arm und Reich driften weiter auseinander und einer zielgerichteten ökologischen Transformation der Art und Weise, wie Stadtentwicklung und Wohnungspolitik gestaltet werden, stehen noch immer historisch und systemisch bedingte Pfadabhängigkeiten im Weg. Diese werden nur durch eine integrierte Betrachtung sozialer und ökonomischer Aspekte sichtbar und deuten auf eine der ursprünglichen Fragen linker Gesellschaftsforschung hin: Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Verhältnis von Eigentum und Gerechtigkeit. Im Ergebnis stehen drei wesentliche Befunde: Der Diskurs zum Schutz des Klimas und der Biodiversität berührt direkt die Parameter Dichte, Nutzungsmischung und Flächeninanspruchnahme; zweitens steigt letztere relativ zu erhöhtem, individuell verfügbarem Kapital und insbesondere im selbstgenutzten Eigentum gegenüber Mietwohnungen; und drittens wächst der Eigentumsanteil mit fortschreitender Finanzialisierung des Wohnungsmarktes, sodass das Risiko sozialer und ökologischer Krisen sich verschärft. ; The settlement and housing policy practised in Germany in 2020 is given a bitter taste in view of its impact on the social and ecological situation. Poor and rich are drifting further apart and a targeted ecological transformation of the way in which urban development and housing policy is designed is still hindered by historical and systemic path dependencies. These only become visible through an integrated consideration of social and economic aspects and point to one of the original questions of left-wing social research: The examination of the relationship between property and justice. As a result, there are three main findings: The discourse on climate protection and biodiversity directly touches on the parameters of density, mix of uses and land consumption; secondly, the latter increases relatively with heightened, individually available capital and especially in owner-occupied property as compared to rented housing; and thirdly, the share of ownership increases with the progressive financialisation of the housing market, so that the risk of social and ecological crises becomes more acute.

In den vergangenen Jahren hat die Diskussion um kulturelle Teilhabe im Rahmen der Ergebnisse großer Bildungsstudien zugenommen. Diese hatten eine hochgradige Abhängigkeit des Bildungserfolgs und des Kompetenzerwerbs vom sozialen Hintergrund der Kinder und ihrer Familien konstatiert (u.a. Ehmke & Jude 2010, S. 250). Auch für den Teilaspekt der kulturellen Teilhabe ließen sich in Studien soziale Disparitäten feststellen: Die rezeptive Nutzung kultureller Angebote durch Kinder und Jugendliche unterliegt einer deutlichen sozialen Selektivität (Autorengruppe Bildungsberichterstattung 2012, S. 165). Gleichzeitig ist mit dem Programm Jedem Kind ein Instrument eine große Initiative zur Förderung frühen Instrumentallernens in der Grundschulzeit angelaufen. Die Initiatoren verfolgen dabei explizit das Ziel, die Kluft "zwischen kulturaffinen Elternhäusern und bildungsfernen Schichten" (Kulturstiftung des Bundes, 2012) in Bezug auf kulturelle Bildung zu verringern, eine "Grundversorgung" (ebd.) sicherzustellen und im demokratischen Sinne niemanden von der Alphabetisierung in Sachen Kunst auszuschließen (Völckers, 2007). Die Teilnahme von Kindern an Instrumentalunterricht während der Grundschulzeit wird hier also als ein Aspekt aktiver kultureller Teilhabe gedeutet und wird im Folgenden einer Analyse unterzogen. (DIPF/Orig.) ; Within the current discussion on cultural participation of children, a social selectivity in the active and receptive participation in the arts is often reported. Within the context of the program "An instrument for every child" (JeKi), this contribution examines which factors affect (non-participation in either the JeKi-program, private instrumental lessons outside school, and in both options. Aspects of the parental and familial cultural capital, parental support and interaction, and the musical self-concept of children dominate the decision to participate in one of the forms of instrumental learning, in none of them or in both. The present contribution shows, that also within the frame of the program "An instrument for every child" social and cultural disparities become visible in the way children participate in the different options of instrumental learning, and that this participation is also subject to a certain social and cultural selectivity. (DIPF/Orig.)

Das vorliegende Werk beleuchtet das vielschichtige Wechselverhältnis von Stadt und Zeit. Ursachen und Auswirkungen der urbanen "Chronometrisierung" werden am Beispiel der öffentlichen Uhren Wiens von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis heute dargestellt. ; The work at hand explores the successive chronometrisation of public space using the example of Viennas public clocks from the middle of the 19th century until today. ; The need for knowing the exact time steadily increased since the middle of the 19th century. As two centuries ago the clocks had only hour hands, the minute hands soon became essential. Industrialisation, urbanisation, but primarily the rapid development of the railroading promoted the trend towards the modern time management of the society. Schedules demanded a higher precision of time specification; circulations of goods and persons had to be adjusted to each other; professional and private activities became standardised, tacted and adjusted to the abstract rhythm of the clocks. The knowledge about the social and economic value of time became a central criterion for the level of western civilisation. Especially the members of the middle-class got more and more used to a chronometer. It was a high goodness for them to use their time as efficient as possible. Pocket watches and wrist watches became familiar and also the number of public clocks continously increased. Especially the more and more complex organised cities became pioneers in the sphere of public timepiece. The work at hand explores, for the first time in the German-speaking historical research, the successive chronometrisation of public space using the example of Vienna from the middle of the 19th century until today. On the one hand it deals with the "exterior chronometrisation", that is the visible aggregation of the infrastructure of time and the construction of different kinds of clocks. Spatial, architectural and design related aspects were argued, contexts of technical history as the search for the ideal drive system and of the political and representative functions of public clocks were discussed. On the other hand it deals with the "interior chronometrisation" which means social, psychological and cultural aspects of the perception of time and their contextualisation in phenomena of scaling and standardisation on a local basis to a world scale. The actual trend of visualising public time to the split second marks the (temporary) end of the development which shows the speedup of all areas of life in a visible and sensible way.

Disruption is a phenomenon that has gained the attention of a broad and diverse range of academic disciplines. Building on this work we propose that disruptions are by no means solely destructive but rather have productive consequences. We aim to establish disruption as a starting point for the analysis of formulas of societal self-description. In this, epistemological and aesthetic aspects of disturbances will be focused since these moments of interruption or loss of order evoke efforts of theoretical or practical consolidation of the social sphere. After discussing the history of experimentalization of the life sciences, we point out how art can be understood as an experimental system that integrates and explores the function of disruption. Second, the relationship between factual and fictional knowledge and how both impact on society through the fabrication of different worlds are to be questioned. Finally, we will argue that art such as literature, film, modern theatre, or performances use disruptions as a tool, with which the perception of the past, present and future and of the society itself can be shaped. They achieve this by employing powerfully repercussive narratives that construct political and socio-cultural coherence through the symbolic re-integration of imaginary or real disruptive incidents.

The strategy of research into the dissertation object is based on four criteria. First, it is a study of a phenomenon and its development. Second, the study is not confined to the present territory of the Republic of Lithuania. Third, the research problem and questions raised are interpreted in a broader light of examples from the European historiography, which enable to contextualise past features of the local social reality and search for similarities and/or differences as well as common points in the development of the phenomena which existed in different regions. Fourth, the object under analysis is perceived as a phenomenon with a multifaceted structure. Therefore, an attempt is made to look for new theoretical approaches rather than limit oneself to a traditional historical narrative. Historiography has seen attempts to disclose the development of society, uneven social structure, its specific features, etc. through the analysis of one phenomenon. However, this is only possible by looking at that phenomenon from different perspectives and analysing it as a product of different spheres of social reality, because focusing on a single aspect of the phenomenon limits the possibilities for interpretation which would reveal the multifunctional nature of the phenomenon and uneven trajectories of its development. The phenomenon of the castle is one of those problems which has not been analysed systematically and consistently. The existing historiography has mostly perceived the castle as unrelated to the social environment or political circumstances and, therefore, it was frequently presented as a military or architectural object. The castle is defined as a structure comprising three aspects: territory (a), society (b), power-authority (c). The castle is perceived as a nucleus which is uniting and forming a territory; this territory was eventually transformed into a legally, administratively and economically subordinate territory with clearly defined boundaries. It consisted of various social categories defined by different subordination-dependency, including individuals of peasant and non-peasant origin, in such a way forming the castle society, its social organisation. In these territorial and social planes of the castle as a local structure unfolded the power-authority hierarchy with its subjects. The castle was that element of medieval society which concentrated power and helped separate powerful subjects establish their authority over a certain territory and its population. Therefore, from the sociological point of view, the castle performed the roles of symbolic (ideological) and real (direct) authority and a representative of justice in the society of its time. The castle is interpreted as a power-authority structure which was unfolding and creating a specific territory with a subordinate social environment. The dissertation consists of an introduction, four parts, conclusions, a list of sources and literature, and appendices. All sections and their subsections express the structuralist approach toward the problem under analysis which is perceived and interpreted in the comparative perspective of the whole study. The first part attempts to formulate a definition of the castle phenomenon as manifold and changing in time and describe the concept in the European context. The second part constructs the model of the castle territory. It presents the conception of different constituents of the external territory of the castle. This model is based on the examples of European historiography devoted to the problem of the castle. The relationship of the castle with other territorial structures (e.g., village, manor) is analysed in this part as well. The third part investigates the office-bound character of the castle, its (local) society, social groups which belonged to the castle (e.g., unfree peasants, peasant performing military service such as barčiai, keliuočiai, etc.). The social characteristics of the castle (e.g., administration, economy) is analysed from the perspective of the GDL regionalism and in relation to the castle territory. The fourth part analyses the subordination-dependency problem of the castle. Different forms of subordination-dependency are identified (nominal, real, fief, office-bound, mortgage) depending on the socio-political circumstances and their changes are explained. Besides, the typology of castle subordination-dependency is provided by distinguishing the sovereign (state) (a), dynasty (b), church (c), dukes (d), nobility (e), gentry (f).

The strategy of research into the dissertation object is based on four criteria. First, it is a study of a phenomenon and its development. Second, the study is not confined to the present territory of the Republic of Lithuania. Third, the research problem and questions raised are interpreted in a broader light of examples from the European historiography, which enable to contextualise past features of the local social reality and search for similarities and/or differences as well as common points in the development of the phenomena which existed in different regions. Fourth, the object under analysis is perceived as a phenomenon with a multifaceted structure. Therefore, an attempt is made to look for new theoretical approaches rather than limit oneself to a traditional historical narrative. Historiography has seen attempts to disclose the development of society, uneven social structure, its specific features, etc. through the analysis of one phenomenon. However, this is only possible by looking at that phenomenon from different perspectives and analysing it as a product of different spheres of social reality, because focusing on a single aspect of the phenomenon limits the possibilities for interpretation which would reveal the multifunctional nature of the phenomenon and uneven trajectories of its development. The phenomenon of the castle is one of those problems which has not been analysed systematically and consistently. The existing historiography has mostly perceived the castle as unrelated to the social environment or political circumstances and, therefore, it was frequently presented as a military or architectural object. The castle is defined as a structure comprising three aspects: territory (a), society (b), power-authority (c). The castle is perceived as a nucleus which is uniting and forming a territory; this territory was eventually transformed into a legally, administratively and economically subordinate territory with clearly defined boundaries. It consisted of various social categories defined by different subordination-dependency, including individuals of peasant and non-peasant origin, in such a way forming the castle society, its social organisation. In these territorial and social planes of the castle as a local structure unfolded the power-authority hierarchy with its subjects. The castle was that element of medieval society which concentrated power and helped separate powerful subjects establish their authority over a certain territory and its population. Therefore, from the sociological point of view, the castle performed the roles of symbolic (ideological) and real (direct) authority and a representative of justice in the society of its time. The castle is interpreted as a power-authority structure which was unfolding and creating a specific territory with a subordinate social environment. The dissertation consists of an introduction, four parts, conclusions, a list of sources and literature, and appendices. All sections and their subsections express the structuralist approach toward the problem under analysis which is perceived and interpreted in the comparative perspective of the whole study. The first part attempts to formulate a definition of the castle phenomenon as manifold and changing in time and describe the concept in the European context. The second part constructs the model of the castle territory. It presents the conception of different constituents of the external territory of the castle. This model is based on the examples of European historiography devoted to the problem of the castle. The relationship of the castle with other territorial structures (e.g., village, manor) is analysed in this part as well. The third part investigates the office-bound character of the castle, its (local) society, social groups which belonged to the castle (e.g., unfree peasants, peasant performing military service such as barčiai, keliuočiai, etc.). The social characteristics of the castle (e.g., administration, economy) is analysed from the perspective of the GDL regionalism and in relation to the castle territory. The fourth part analyses the subordination-dependency problem of the castle. Different forms of subordination-dependency are identified (nominal, real, fief, office-bound, mortgage) depending on the socio-political circumstances and their changes are explained. Besides, the typology of castle subordination-dependency is provided by distinguishing the sovereign (state) (a), dynasty (b), church (c), dukes (d), nobility (e), gentry (f).

Within the framework of extremism prevention and the development of deradicalization programs, but also in science, politics and in the context of civil society, so-called "counter-narratives" are increasingly given an important role. While prevention actors are increasingly working with counter-narratives and are developing model projects, research on counternarratives remains relatively scarce and its impact has so far been underexplored. In addition, critical perspectives on counter-narratives that fear a sovereignty of interpretation are on the rise. The article provides an empirical insight into counter-narratives from Salafist profiles in the social network Facebook. It emphasizes the potential of counter-narratives to prevent extremism, but at the same time pleads for a reflected use of them. Furthermore, the authors emphasize that the use of counter-narratives is only one aspect of prevention work and should therefore not be understood as the sole remedy.

Augustus introduced many new laws influencing the internal life of the Roman families and under certain aspects subordinating individuals to public control. The most important were the lex Iulia de maritandis ordinibus and the lex Papia Poppaea. A new inscription from Troesmis at the lower Danube shows that Augustus tried to intensify the control formulated in the lex de maritandis ordinibus already in 5 AD by the proposition of the draft of a lex, called commentarius, published on 28 June. But by a strong resistance of larger parts of the Roman society he suffered a severe setback which he could only overcome several years after by the lex Papia Poppaea, which had more or less the same content as the commentarius. The aim of these social laws introduced by Augustus was essentially to increase the number of Roman citizens.

This article analyzes political party membership over the last two decades in Germany, as studied through a collection of statistical data and documentation compiled by the author since 2001. The author also provides a view into the development, regional distribution, and social structural composition of party membership through out the German political system, including the CSU/CDU, SDP, FDP, WASG, PDS, the Green Party, and die Linke. Aspects from the socio-political state of East Germany are of particular interest, as are the old structuring of politics and its represented membership presented in the study, the ratio and proportion of women and youth involved in politics, and the religious and socio-political cross-sectioning of the surveyed population. Then the author highlights all referenced data and statistical demographics, pinpointing the changes and percentages therein (see tables following the article). M. Diem

Sønke Gau Doing Fiction or Authenticity as Representation. On videoworks by Saskia HolmkvistIn her videoworks "Interview with Saskia Holmkvist", "In Character", and "Role Control" Swedish artist Saskia Holmkvist investigates performative aspects of everyday life . She looks into the question how the impression of "authenticity" and credibility can be produce and in doing so she visualises their implicit structures of power and manipulation. Here, Holmkvist succeeds in eluding the verdict of simulation and dissimulation more by performing something like representation itself than by displaying, i.e. to stage those works, thus making them "transparent". Holmkvist's videos act as criticism of representation that stage relations between communication and representation, mediality, identity and power thus presenting "freedom of action". Therefore, a second topic of her works is the opening of (inter-)subjective, social and political spaces and the consolidation of potentially emancipative "capacities to act" of subjects and groups.

This exploration of the essence of Carl Schmitt's characterization of the political discusses his concepts, which have, for 70 years, been the most divisive yet disarmingly realistic & comparatively unembellished treatise to this theme. Schmitt's political theory requires power that is strong enough to group men as friend of foe, where the differentiation of friend & foe is the core of politics, & encompasses any social, ethnic, or economic aspect of life that achieves sufficient intensity of polarity to achieve this distinction. Compromise, advocated by Hegel, obscures the distinction, raising issues over neutralization of foes, & having the effect of separating man from responsibility. Schmitt lies between the modern & the postmodern, where history is a central element, but the reality of fate & coincidence becomes a metaphor for the sovereignty of God. Karl Barth, a teacher of negative theology, provides insight to understanding Schmitt. L. Kehl