Suchergebnisse

Социально-экологические проблемы современности ; Равенство между мужчинами и женщинами в сфере экономики, доступа к образованию, услугам здравоохранения, сфере обеспечения политических прав и свобод является одним из важнейших в мире индикаторов уровня демократизации общества. Содействие гендерному равенству способствует устойчивому развитию экономических и социальных систем. Тем не менее, ни у одной страны мира не получилось добиться полного равноправия между мужчинам и женщинами = Equality between men and women in the field of economy, education, health and politics is the most important indicator of the level of democratization of society. Promotion of gender equality contributes to the sustainable development of economic and social system. But not country in the world, could not achieve this

The article examines in detail the problems associated with the development of Buddhism, which introduced a personal aspect to religion and embodied the idea of the need for compassion for all living beings. A special place is occupied by the analysis of the moral and social component of this religion. Buddhism is seen as a protest movement that originated in India and is directed against the frozen hierarchy, mechanical ritualism and greed of the Brahmins. This religion challenged the Brahmin hierarchy, appealing primarily to warriors, kings, and the mass of the free population. The Buddhist community was a brotherhood of mendicant monks who did not perform any rituals, but only showed people the way to salvation by the example of their lives. Buddhism is also one of the radical reformist teachings, not only intellectually, but also socially. He called people, first of all, to inner perfection, the last stage of which can be achieved only through kindness and benevolence to all living beings. The central point of this article is devoted to the debate about the reality of the Buddha's existence, his teaching and the transformations of this teaching. A significant place is given to the description of the way of life of Buddhist monks, the relationship within the Buddhist community and with the laity. The reasons for the attractiveness of Buddhism and its easy adaptability to other religious doctrines are substantiated. The possibilities of transformation of Buddhism, including within the framework of syncretic creeds, as well as in the activities of totalitarian and pseudo-religious sects, are shown. Examples of the politicization of this religion and its inclusion in the activities of fundamentalist organizations are given. ; В статье детально рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с развитием буддизма, который привнес в религию личностный аспект и воплотил идею о необходимости сострадания ко всем живым существам. Особое место занимает анализ нравственной и социальной составляющей данной религии. Буддизм рассматривается как протестное движение, зародившееся в Индии, и направленное против застывшего иерархизма, механической обрядовости и корыстолюбия брахманов. Эта религия поставила под сомнение брахманскую иерархию, апеллировал в первую очередь к воинам, царям и массе свободного населения. Буддистская община представляла собой братство нищенствующих монахов, которые не совершали никаких обрядов, а лишь примером своей жизни указывали людям путь к спасению. Буддизм — это также одно из радикальных реформистских учений не только в интеллектуальном, но и в социальном аспектах. Он призывал людей, прежде всего, к внутреннему совершенствованию, последней ступени которого можно достичь лишь благодаря доброте и доброжелательности ко всем живым существам. Центральное место в данной статье посвящено спору о реальности существования Будды, его учению и трансформациям этого учения. Значительное место отводится описанию образа жизни буддийских монахов, взаимоотношениям внутри буддийской общины и с мирянами. Обоснованы причины привлекательности буддизма и его легкой адаптивности к другим религиозным доктринам. Показаны возможности трансформации буддизма, в том числе и в рамках синкретических вероучений, а также в деятельности тоталитарных и псевдорелигиозных сект. Приведены примеры политизации этой религии и ее включения в активность фундаменталистских организаций.

It has been said «nutrition is at the center of those processes by which a human group shows its identity and the otherness of those this otherness differentiates them from». This concept is of particular relevance with reference to the presence of Islam on European soil, and, more specifically, in Spain. The possibility of observing the dietary rules laid down by Islamic law becomes an important factor which shows the level of integration of the Islamic communities within the context of the socalled «transplanted Islam», that is, Islam as installed in Europe, principally due to migration. The problems begin when members of these communities pose demands such as, for example, the existence of menus without substances which are forbidden by their religion, in certain institutions whose work regime is designed following uniform parameters (schools, hospitals, penitentiaries, etc.). And we must not forget that the pretention to slaughter animals whose flesh can be eaten by Muslims may be in conflict with Spanish Health Legislation. These are just two of the questions dealt with in this article, which also analyses the way they are regulated in Article 14 of the 1992 Cooperation Agreement with the Spanish Islam Commission, the observance of which is also evaluated in the light of field work carried out over the last few years. ; Se ha dicho que «la alimentación está en el centro de los procesos por los cuales un grupo humano marca su identidad y la alteridad de aquellos a los que esta alteridad les distingue». Esta idea cobra especial relevancia si nos referimos a la presencia del Islam en suelo europeo, y, más concretamente, en España. La posibilidad de observar las prescripciones alimenticias que la ley islámica establece se convierte en un importante factor que marca el grado de integración de las comunidades musulmanas en el contexto de lo que se conoce como el «Islam trasplantado», es decir, aquel que se instala en Europa por mor, fundamentalmente, de los movimientos migratorios. Los problemas comienzan cuando los miembros de dichas comunidades plantean peticiones como, por ejemplo, la existencia de menús que no contengan sustancias prohibidas por su religión, en determinadas instituciones cuyo régimen de funcionamiento está diseñado según parámetros de uniformidad (colegios, hospitales, establecimientos penitenciarios, etc.). Sin olvidar que la pretensión de sacrificar los animales cuya carne sí puede consumir un musulmán puede plantear un conflicto con la normativa sanitaria española. Estas y otras cuestiones son abordadas en este artículo, analizando además el modo en que son reguladas en el artículo 14 del Acuerdo de cooperación de 1992 con la Comisión Islámica de España, cuyo grado de cumplimiento también es evaluado a la luz del trabajo de campo desarrollado en los últimos años.

In this paper, we report some aspects of the process of the introduction of color to the Colombian television network. Our analytical approach is to see lineal comprehensions, typical of progressive histories of technological change, as problematic. Consequently, we try to take into account heterogeneous arrays of the historical, social, economical, cultural, technical and political circumstances involved in the process. This approach allows us to explain the technological alternatives that were considered and the technical and institutional pathways that were effectively implemented. The historical review suggests that an oversimplified comprehension of socio-technical change gives rise to a low capacity to guide it with respect to more ambitious social goals. ; En el artículo narramos aspectos del proceso de introducción del color en la red colombiana de televisión. Nuestro objetivo analítico consiste en problematizar la comprensión lineal característica de las narraciones históricas progresivas del cambio socio-técnico, mostrando una red heterogénea de circunstancias históricas, sociales, económicas, culturales, técnicas y políticas involucradas en el proceso, las cuales permiten explicar las alternativas tecnológicas consideradas y las trayectorias técnicas e institucionales resultantes. Las conclusiones de la revisión histórica sugieren que una comprensión sobresimplificada del cambio socio-técnico redunda en una baja capacidad para orientarlo de acuerdo con metas sociales ambiciosas.

The article highlights the results of the survey carried out among the parents of the children, who attend preschool education institutions (PEI) in Krasnodar and PEI employees, who are involved in the evaluation of the children's health and rehabilitation process. The authors defined a social portrait of the families whose children attend municipal PEIS. They identified that most parents are rather well aware of the medical issues. Acute sick rate of the preschool age is high, as about 15% of children have already acquired a chronic pathology in the form of a confirmed diagnosis. The authors also established a dependence of the sick rate among the preschool children on the age, at which they were enrolled to the PEI and living conditions. All the parents are worried about the health of their children and would like to enhance it. Most respondents believe that PEI preventive programs should be financed by the government.Key words: preschool children, health status, preventive medical care, public opinion poll. ; В статье представлены результаты социологического опроса родителей детей, посещающих дошкольные образовательные учреждения (ДОУ) г. Краснодара, и сотрудников ДОУ, имеющих непосредственное отношение к оценке состояния здоровья детей и процессу оздоровления. Определен социальный портрет семей, дети которых посещают муниципальные ДОУ. Выявлено, что большинство родителей достаточно информированы в медицинских вопросах. Острая заболеваемость детей дошкольного возраста высока, около 15% детей уже имеют хроническую патологию в виде подтвержденного диагноза. Установлена зависимость частоты заболеваемости детей дошкольного возраста от возраста поступления в ДОУ, от условий проживания. Все родители обеспокоены состоянием здоровья детей и хотели бы его улучшить. Большинство опрошенных считают, что оздоровительные программы в ДОУ должны финансироваться государством.Ключевые слова: дети дошкольного возраста, состояние здоровья, профилактическая медицинская помощь, социологический опрос. (Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2008;5(4):65-69)

The article reveals the relevance of studying information security, as well as examines external and internal threats to ensuring it. The difficulties that occur in this case are analyzed. A positive model of the development of society is associated with this type of security, so it is no coincidence that the most important task is to create a fullfledged theory of information security. Without this, it is impossible to speak about the effective elimination of a number of negative consequences of the process of society informatization. In this context, an extremely important task is to ensure the protection of children from information psychological and destructive threats, including overcoming the Internet and other types of information dependence. Information security theory is an integral part of social security psychology. For its complete design, there is still a lot to be done both in theoretical and applied terms. First of all, the creation of a national information platform is meant. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop competence in the field of information security not only among professionals, but also among various groups of the population.

ABSTRACT The paper deals with the relevant problems of religion in the Kazakhstan society and social components of the national unity in the historical prerequisites. The authors have studied the Alash intelligentsia, particularly, their influence on the formation of the public opinion regarding the acute religious problems. The authors have also considered the problem of the religious fanaticism in the context of the state's choice of the way for the secular way of development. They have concluded that the government having based on the secular and democratic principles, adopted various measures to solve the religious disagreements in the country.RESUMEN El documento aborda los problemas relevantes de la religión en la sociedad de Kazajstán y los componentes sociales de la unidad nacional en los requisitos históricos. Los autores han estudiado la intelectualidad Alash, en particular, su influencia en la formación de la opinión pública sobre los problemas religiosos agudos. Los autores también han considerado el problema del fanatismo religioso en el contexto de la elección del estado como el camino para el desarrollo secular. Han llegado a la conclusión de que el gobierno, basándose en los principios seculares y democráticos, adoptó diversas medidas para resolver los desacuerdos religiosos en el país.

В статье рассматриваются процессы законодательного развития в сфере соблюдения и защиты прав инвалидов. Основной задачей юридического образования является подготовка юристов, призванных в своей практической деятельности защищать конституционные права и свободы граждан. Знания и соблюдение законных прав социально уязвимых слоев населения восстанавливают социальную справедливость в обществе, что должно учитываться в социальном правовом государстве. ; The article examines the processes of legislative development in the field of observance and protection of the rights of persons with disabilities. The main task of legal education is to train lawyers who are called upon to protect the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens in their practice. Knowledge and respect for the legal rights of socially vulnerable segments of the population restore social justice in society, which should be taken into account in a social legal state

Many European governments, including Norway, have ambitious educational policies regarding digitalisation. Many businesses and policymakers pay great attention to the use of digital technologies in education in order to meet the future demands for a competent and qualified workforce. Among researchers and policymakers, there is a general consensus that the professional teacher is a key figure for the successful implementation of digital technologies in schools. Many expectations have been placed upon professional teachers regarding the implementation and use of digital technologies. The professional teacher is, to a certain degree, supposed to independently decide how digital technologies should be used in the classroom. This paper discusses what the concept of a 'professional digitally competent teacher' may mean in the context of schools. It also argues the need for a greater understanding of professional digital competence, one which takes into consideration various social and cultural aspects with regard to technology, schools and the teaching profession. In unpacking the social and cultural conditions for implementing technology in a professional teaching context, I will draw on concepts from the constructivist understanding of technology, namely, the 'domestication of technology'.