Suchergebnisse

The aim of masters paper "Reflection of Social Role Change in Diplomatic Protocol" is to examine how change of gender roles works in diplomatic protocol. In order to achieve this aim the following tasks are raised: 1. to analyze gender roles change from the XIV to the XX century; 2. to analyze ceremonial in terms of gender roles; 3. to conduct case studies and a qualitative interview with the protocol specialist which would revealed the practice of diplomatic protocol adaption to the changed gender roles; 4. to present findings. To achieve master's paper aim the fallowing methods are used: descriptive, analytical, statistical data and research, qualitative content analysis methods, case studies and qualitative interview with the protocol specialist. Master work consists of three sections. The object of master work is diplomatic and state protocol. In international relations, diplomacy and politics – the spheres long dominated by men – women had to conform and adopt rules of behavior which regulated conduct of men. However, the increasing number of precedents, when women are acting the main role in ceremonies, will be set up clear, specific rules for conduct of women. The change will be reinforced by actively acting women becoming a social norm. When rules of conduct for women will be in power, there will be no need to resolve problems of changed gender roles every time individually. Master work "Reflection of Social Role Change in Diplomatic Protocol" may be useful for further diplomatic protocol change factors research.

The aim of masters paper "Reflection of Social Role Change in Diplomatic Protocol" is to examine how change of gender roles works in diplomatic protocol. In order to achieve this aim the following tasks are raised: 1. to analyze gender roles change from the XIV to the XX century; 2. to analyze ceremonial in terms of gender roles; 3. to conduct case studies and a qualitative interview with the protocol specialist which would revealed the practice of diplomatic protocol adaption to the changed gender roles; 4. to present findings. To achieve master's paper aim the fallowing methods are used: descriptive, analytical, statistical data and research, qualitative content analysis methods, case studies and qualitative interview with the protocol specialist. Master work consists of three sections. The object of master work is diplomatic and state protocol. In international relations, diplomacy and politics – the spheres long dominated by men – women had to conform and adopt rules of behavior which regulated conduct of men. However, the increasing number of precedents, when women are acting the main role in ceremonies, will be set up clear, specific rules for conduct of women. The change will be reinforced by actively acting women becoming a social norm. When rules of conduct for women will be in power, there will be no need to resolve problems of changed gender roles every time individually. Master work "Reflection of Social Role Change in Diplomatic Protocol" may be useful for further diplomatic protocol change factors research.

In different countries the profession of social work has "done its work" for more or less than a century. In Lithuania its history is revived and closely related to social transformation that has taken place after the restoration of Independence in 1990. The question of how fully, if at all, social work has achieved professional status has been debated throughout the last century. It is known that efforts to evaluate whether social work is a "semi-profession" or a "fullydeveloped" profession have been made by J. Baird. Already in 1972 social work was considered as a profession. In the opinion of J. Baird to evaluate the status of the profession depends on whether social work is being measured by classical criteria of once "free" professions, or by contemporary criteria that are relevant to helping professions which are substiantially committed to public and governmental service enterprise. The present picture of the professionalization of social work has changed. American social work's aspirations to professionalization is a natural process in a liberal market economy, because the profession is created and strengthened as a result of the personal interests of those earning a living by it. The status of social work as a profession is not unequivocally fixed. There are some aspects that are considered as negative to the professionalization of social work. Namely, the private practice of social work which is said has been growing dynamically since the middle of the 20th century. But with the dramatic rise of medical care, social workers are said to return to their original mission. The nature of professional practice in any particular state is grounded in the historical and cultural context as mediated through political, economical and social systems. This makes social work difficult to define at the global level, and attempts to identify a universal essence of social work are problematic. Despite this apparent difficulty, there are some general definitions of social work. Definitions provoke many questions. Is it possible to develop a universal definition of social work? If so, how well does this definition describe social work throughout the world? Does this definition apply to social work where I live? And the like. At the beginning of the 21st century, the European countries have faced many problems of a different nature. In order to understand the nature of these problems an attempt is made to categorize them. Much is asked of social workers, and they are ones that are expected to make a difference by empowering human beings to change self and society. The conclusion is that it is worthwhile to explore, review social work as a profession because, according to Midgley, there is a "need to develop a broad international approach to the study of social work to generate a global awareness that enhances the ability of social workers to transcend their preocupation with the local and contextualize their role within a global setting"

In different countries the profession of social work has "done its work" for more or less than a century. In Lithuania its history is revived and closely related to social transformation that has taken place after the restoration of Independence in 1990. The question of how fully, if at all, social work has achieved professional status has been debated throughout the last century. It is known that efforts to evaluate whether social work is a "semi-profession" or a "fullydeveloped" profession have been made by J. Baird. Already in 1972 social work was considered as a profession. In the opinion of J. Baird to evaluate the status of the profession depends on whether social work is being measured by classical criteria of once "free" professions, or by contemporary criteria that are relevant to helping professions which are substiantially committed to public and governmental service enterprise. The present picture of the professionalization of social work has changed. American social work's aspirations to professionalization is a natural process in a liberal market economy, because the profession is created and strengthened as a result of the personal interests of those earning a living by it. The status of social work as a profession is not unequivocally fixed. There are some aspects that are considered as negative to the professionalization of social work. Namely, the private practice of social work which is said has been growing dynamically since the middle of the 20th century. But with the dramatic rise of medical care, social workers are said to return to their original mission. The nature of professional practice in any particular state is grounded in the historical and cultural context as mediated through political, economical and social systems. This makes social work difficult to define at the global level, and attempts to identify a universal essence of social work are problematic. Despite this apparent difficulty, there are some general definitions of social work. Definitions provoke many questions. Is it possible to develop a universal definition of social work? If so, how well does this definition describe social work throughout the world? Does this definition apply to social work where I live? And the like. At the beginning of the 21st century, the European countries have faced many problems of a different nature. In order to understand the nature of these problems an attempt is made to categorize them. Much is asked of social workers, and they are ones that are expected to make a difference by empowering human beings to change self and society. The conclusion is that it is worthwhile to explore, review social work as a profession because, according to Midgley, there is a "need to develop a broad international approach to the study of social work to generate a global awareness that enhances the ability of social workers to transcend their preocupation with the local and contextualize their role within a global setting"

The main goal of social work is to optimize the client's relationships with his environment. The changes in political, economic and social life, affects the changes in social work and the requirements for social workers skills. Social work organizing reveals in coordinating the actions of social support system participants and services recipients. It is very important to have practical skills, theoretical knowledge and managerial competences. The development of social work organizers managerial competences, continuous change and improvement is very important adjusting to the changing social environment. The main goal of the work is to reveal the need for development of social work organizers managerial competences in the context of the social work changes. The objectives of the research are: to describe the peculiarities of the social work organizing in Lithuania in the context of social work changing; to define the conception of the competence and it's structured and to discern the common competences of the social workers; to discuss the expression of the managerial competences in social work and possibilities of their development; to analyse the practical aspects of the social work organizers managerial competences development. Trying to reveal the need for development of social work organizers managerial competences in the context of social work changing, the qualitative research was taken. The unstructured interview was used to pick data for the research. The research was guided by the constructive point of view. The participants of the research – eight social work organizers from X municipality rural parishes. The data was analysed according the method of topics analysis. The results of the research revealed that the technical skills are the least used in social work practice. In the planning, organizing, management and control of the social work process reveals these managerial competences: knowledge about the client, help planning, strategic thinking, the generating of ideas, creative point of view, ability to define the area of interest, business ethic, oral communication, resource organization, client activation, motivation, empowerment, initiation of change, coaching, leadership, empathy, teamwork, time management, objectives achievement, strategic skills, risk assessment, decision making, responsibility for the decisions, negotiation skills, flexibility, loyalty, the ability to listen, oral communication, conflicts management, achievements, focus to the client, valuable approach. There is insufficiently developed skills coaching, empowerment, vision-making, interinstitutional teamwork, negotiation. The project for development of the managerial competences of the social work organizers in rural areas was developed according the study results.

The article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts. Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.

The article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts. Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.

The article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts. Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.

The article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts. Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.

The changing social and economic environment, globalization, public sector spending cuts, economic change encourage to search for optimal and effective social support system management methods. On the 1st of January 2012, monetary social care system change was initiated: 2012-2014 monetary social benefits (social allowance, heating cost, drinking water, and hot water cost compensations) were implemented using two models: • State wise (state delegates to municipalities) function (financed from the government budget); • Individualised function in five (Akmenė, Panevėžys, Radviliškis, Raseiniai and Šilalė regions) experimental (pilot) municipalities (financed from the municipality funds). However, the authors of the article believe that social care system effectiveness has to be further increased, not only increasing the number of decision making municipalities, but also pushing the quality of the reform upwards. Moreover, the administration of social care benefits has to cover up society's needs and priorities. Ineffective administration of social services may result in unfavourable results and future recessions can lead to increased costs for social services. Social care administrative effectiveness cannot be evaluated only from the financial side, social goals have to be considered, too, such as decreasing poverty, tackling social exclusion, lowering the effects of poverty traps for most vulnerable groups of people and helping families with children.

The changing social and economic environment, globalization, public sector spending cuts, economic change encourage to search for optimal and effective social support system management methods. On the 1st of January 2012, monetary social care system change was initiated: 2012-2014 monetary social benefits (social allowance, heating cost, drinking water, and hot water cost compensations) were implemented using two models: • State wise (state delegates to municipalities) function (financed from the government budget); • Individualised function in five (Akmenė, Panevėžys, Radviliškis, Raseiniai and Šilalė regions) experimental (pilot) municipalities (financed from the municipality funds). However, the authors of the article believe that social care system effectiveness has to be further increased, not only increasing the number of decision making municipalities, but also pushing the quality of the reform upwards. Moreover, the administration of social care benefits has to cover up society's needs and priorities. Ineffective administration of social services may result in unfavourable results and future recessions can lead to increased costs for social services. Social care administrative effectiveness cannot be evaluated only from the financial side, social goals have to be considered, too, such as decreasing poverty, tackling social exclusion, lowering the effects of poverty traps for most vulnerable groups of people and helping families with children.

The Curonian Spit is an exceptional natural territory and a special geographical space for human habitation. From time immemorial, the inhabitants of this country have faced various challenges: natural, economic, political. In the context of historical periods, the inhabitants of this land had to find solutions to adapt or change the natural environment. The aim of this work is to determine the social and demographic changes of the Curonian Spit population and the structures of economic activities in the context of spatial differentiation and social segregation.

The Curonian Spit is an exceptional natural territory and a special geographical space for human habitation. From time immemorial, the inhabitants of this country have faced various challenges: natural, economic, political. In the context of historical periods, the inhabitants of this land had to find solutions to adapt or change the natural environment. The aim of this work is to determine the social and demographic changes of the Curonian Spit population and the structures of economic activities in the context of spatial differentiation and social segregation.

The Curonian Spit is an exceptional natural territory and a special geographical space for human habitation. From time immemorial, the inhabitants of this country have faced various challenges: natural, economic, political. In the context of historical periods, the inhabitants of this land had to find solutions to adapt or change the natural environment. The aim of this work is to determine the social and demographic changes of the Curonian Spit population and the structures of economic activities in the context of spatial differentiation and social segregation.