Clans, pacts, and politics in Central Asia
In: Journal of democracy, Band 13, Heft 3, S. 137-152
ISSN: 1045-5736
In: Journal of democracy, Band 13, Heft 3, S. 137-152
ISSN: 1045-5736
World Affairs Online
In: Foreign affairs, Band 78, Heft 5, S. 64-77
ISSN: 0015-7120
World Affairs Online
In: Revue française de science politique, Band 49, Heft 3, S. 379-398
ISSN: 0035-2950
World Affairs Online
The purpose of this study was to explain the Evaluation of Results from Presentation on Accounting for Social Aid Expenditures of Regional Government Budget in Medan. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The population in this study in connection with the object of research is the Medan regional government. This research data uses secondary data that be obtained from the Supervisory Report of the Development Supervisory Agency representative of North Sumatra province, Regional and Mayor Regulations in Medan, as well as other relevant data. The results showed that the presentation of the realization of social aid expenditure for non-cash food aid distribution was not supported by periodic reports from distributed banks and the existence of a prosperous family card collected by the companion and head of the KUBE e-warung group should be disclosed in the Notes of Financial Statements. Social aid expenditure on non-cash food aid that have been transferred to distributed banks, but these non-cash food aid funds have not been received by beneficiary families, have not been considered as realization of the budget. Another case, if it occurs due to administrative errors, then corrections can be made for expenses that occur in the period of spending expenditure and recorded as a reduction of spending in the same period. Meanwhile, if the problems that arise due to changes in policy in the current year, then management discloses the accounting policies in the financial statements in the Notes of Financial Statements.
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Climate, catastrophe, and culture in the ancient Americas / Daniel H. Sandweiss and Jeffrey Quilter -- Paleoclimate from ice cores : a framework for archaeological interpretations / Paul Andrew Mayweski -- El Niño and interannual variability of climate in the Western Hemisphere / Kirk Allen Maasch -- Climate change, El Niño, and the rise of complex society on the Peruvian coast during the middle Holocene / James B. Richardson III and Daniel H. Sandweiss -- Catastrophe and the emergence of political complexity : a social anthropological model / Paul Roscoe -- Deciphering the politics of prehistoric El Niño events on the north coast of Peru / Brian R. Billman and Gary Huckleberry -- Deadly deluges in the southern desert : modern and ancient El Niños in the Osmore region of Peru / Michael E. Moseley and David K. Keefer -- Marching to disaster: the catastrophic convergence of Inca imperial policy, sand flies, and El Niño in the 1524 Andean epidemic / James B. Kiracofe and John S. Marr -- Armageddon to the Garden of Eden : explosive volcanic eruptions and societal resilience in ancient Middle America / Payson Sheets -- The collapse of Maya civilization : assessing the interaction of culture, climate, and environment / Jason Yaeger and David A. Hodell -- And the waters took them : catastrophic flooding and civilization on the Mexican Gulf Coast / S. Jeffrey K. Wilkerson
In: Socium i vlast, Band 4, S. 94-106
The authors present the results of studying migration processes as one of the factors that determine the transformation of the regional social space. Applying migration indicators to assessing prospective spatial changes presupposes a multivariate analysis of developing complex heterogeneous systems. The version of applying problem-oriented visualization tools presented by the authors significantly expands the possibilities of such an analysis. Assessment, systematization and subsequent classification of migration characteristics are considered within the framework of a multi-stage graphical digital analysis procedure. The problems of migration dynamics characterize a number of problems of the incipient deformation of social space. The main provisions and results of the study are presented as exemplified by the five largest urban areas of the Chelyabinsk region. The key contradictions generated by the processes of regional migration are presented for various urban areas of one of the leading industrial regions of the Urals. These are contradictions: dynamics of population inflow — outflow; the ratio of the balance of migration and migration flows, etc. The results of the study make it possible to proceed to more complex models of spatial reconstruction and sustainable development of territories. Considering such models lays the groundwork for passing on to a controlled transformation in the spatial development of territories and reducing the signs of social space deformation.
In: Journal of policy analysis and management: the journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Band 41, Heft 1, S. 11-44
ISSN: 1520-6688
AbstractThrough the lens of administrative burden and ordeals, we investigate challenges that low‐income families face in accessing health and human services critical for their children's healthy development. We employ a mixed methods approach—drawing on administrative data on economically disadvantaged children in Tennessee, publicly available data on resource allocations and expenditures, and data collected in purposive and randomly sampled interviews with public and nonprofit agencies across the state—to analyze the distribution of resources relative to children's needs and provide rich descriptions of the experiences of organizations striving to overcome administrative burdens and support families. We also scrutinize the place‐based resource deserts and environmental contexts of resource gaps and deficiencies in public policies governing the distribution of public resources that exacerbate administrative burdens and inequities in access to public resources. Our insights into the costs imposed on individuals and organizations and how they impede or spill over into other aspects of organizational work point to specific state and local program and policy changes that could be implemented to address resource constraints and alleviate burdens on organizations and poor families.
This comparative history examines the divergent paths Britain and France took in managing opiate abuse during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Though the governments of both nations viewed rising levels of opiate use as a problem, Britain and France took opposite courses of action in addressing the issue. The British sanctioned maintenance treatment for addiction, while the French authorities did not hesitate to take legal action against addicts and the doctors who prescribed drugs to them. Howard Padwa draws on primary documents to examine the factors that led to these disparate approaches. He finds that shifts in the composition of drug-using populations of the two countries and a marked divergence in British and French conceptions of citizenship influenced national policies. Beyond shared concerns about public health and morality, Britain and France understood the threat opiate abuse posed to their respective communities differently. Padwa traces the evolution of thinking on the matter in both countries, explaining why Britain took a less adversarial approach to domestic opiate abuse despite the productivity-sapping powers of this social poison, and why the relatively libertine French chose to attack opiate abuse. In the process, Padwa reveals the confluence of changes in medical knowledge, culture, politics, and drug-user demographics throughout the period, a convergence of forces that at once highlighted the issue and transformed it from one of individual health into a societal concern. An insightful look at the development of drug discourses in the nineteenth century and drug policy in the twentieth century, Social Poison will appeal to scholars and students in public health and the history of medicine.
In: Internationale Politik, Band 51, S. 3-64
Examines social changes and foreign policy developments in the US; the American dream, leadership, role of superpowers in the post-cold war context, hegemony, relations with Germany, the transatlantic agenda, civil society, the Dayton Agreement, and other issues; 10 articles.
Theories of regional development, scientific considerations about innovations and networking go together with described research. Considerations on leveraging innovations in social networks and the process of regional development amount to a quite important conclusion that all the most important regional actors are aware of the importance of these factors. Most of the respondents noticed changes and emphasise the importance of networking in the context of innovations. Unfortunately, their contacts are still based on personal relationships, not on formal procedures of cooperation. Nevertheless, the first effects of the exchange of ideas and technology can be observed. The most important research conclusions boil down to a few basic comments: 1. The Silesian voivodeship is a region with the greatest potential in Poland. Although it is still insufficiently integrated and the cooperation could be better, all respondents agreed that it has a huge human capital to be used. 2. The most important factor seems to be networking and knowledge. Caring for the preservation of know-how is a major obstacle in developing new contacts. 3. Cooperation is always associated with the prospect of profit. There are lots of objections to cooperation between business and science. There is room for improvement. 4. Respondents represented positive attitude to innovations but kept complaining about the quality of formal cooperation between all actors. They definitely preferred personal networking. It should be allowed to develop legally different levels of cooperation. 5. Political factors in regional development should be kept to a minimum. This is not conducive to improvement. Research showed that the most important regional actors interact with their near neighbours. It brings them motivations, fosters social relationships and directs their networking behavior towards innovations. It allowed to achieve profits and finally regional development.
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In: PS: political science & politics, Band 47, Heft 3, S. 616-619
ISSN: 1537-5935
Do social media de-bureaucratize the organization of government communications? Key features of the bureaucratic ideal-type are centralized and formalized external communications and disconnection of internal and external communications. Some authors argue that this organizational model is being replaced by a less bureaucratic model that better fits the communication demands of the information society. To explore this argument empirically, the use of twitter by Dutch police departments is investigated through an analysis of 982 accounts and 22 interviews. The empirical analysis shows that most twitter communication takes place through decentralized channels. While a minority of police officers use personal names on twitter, most use their formal identity. Twitter is mostly used for external communication but the mutual interest in the twitter communications of other police officers is substantial. The study nuances the idea of transformative change: the old bureaucratic and the new models manifest themselves in the hybrid organization of social media communications.
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This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Technologies and Services for Smart Cities. ; Evidence of something unusual happening in urban areas can be collected from different data sources, such as police officers, cameras, or specialized physical infrastructures. In this paper, we propose using geotagged posts on location-based social networks (LBSNs) to detect crowd dynamics anomalies automatically as evidence of a potential unusual event. To this end, we use the Instagram API media/search endpoint to collect the location of the pictures posted by Instagram users in a given area periodically. The collected locations are summarized by their centroid. The novelty of our work relies on using the entropy of the sequence of centroid locations in order to detect abnormal patterns in the city. The proposal is tested on a data set collected from Instagram during seven months in New York City and validated with another data set from Manchester. The results have also been compared with an alternative approach, a training phase plus a ranking of outliers. The main conclusion is that the entropy algorithm succeeds inn finding abnormal events without the need for a training phase, being able to dynamically adapt to changes in crowd behavior. ; This research was partially funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through TEC2017-84197-C4-1-R, TEC2017-84197-C4-2-R, TEC2014-54335-C4-2-R, and TEC2014-54335-C4-3-R, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Galician Regional Government under agreement for funding the Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (AtlantTIC).
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In: Peace & change: a journal of peace research, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 34-59
ISSN: 0149-0508
Citizen activism surges exhibit a rapid & dramatic "soar & slump" dynamic that analysts have tended to depict as life-history trajectories or stages, using analogies to organisms. It is suggested that, because such surges are collective actions rather than biological entities, a more social model, such as that of a tenuously ratcheted & enlarging or contracting interaction spiral, may be more accurate. This alternative approach is elaborated in terms of the nine major actors who are contesting in the rush of focusing & facilitative or inhibitive conditions & events, & is illustrated with a case study of the initiating interaction spiral of the US peace surge of the early 1980s. Six principles of first-phase facilitation or "ratcheting" are identified: supportive milieu, unengaged resources, the Darwinian parade of proposers, the striking proposer, the dramatic demonstration of feasibility, & the feasible-timely proposal. Adapted from the source document.