Suchergebnisse

Use of cannabis among adults 55 years of age and older is increasing. In Q4 of 2018, slightly over half of cannabis users used for therapeutic purposes at least once, where many reported using for both medical and non-medical reasons (mixed use). Research on older adults regarding the use of Cannabis for Therapeutic Purposes (CTP) is fragmented and there are no comprehensive or in-depth studies on their perceptions or self-reported motivations. Understanding in these areas is important to inform policy that takes the protection of public health and safety as central aims. Does policy affect one of, if not both, user and non-user perspectives? Methods: The normalization framework provides a lens through which to study older adult use of CTP, while critical realism serves as the methodological framework. A qualitative flexible deductive approach is applied. Findings: The findings suggest a social acceptance of CTP by non-users, but that the use of healthcare practitioner authorized CTP is not normalized. Government and medical regulatory policy serve as barriers to access authorized CTP, which does not support normalization. In the Canadian context, pain and avoidance of conventional drug use are central factors for the use of CTP. Conclusion: It is understood from the findings that the primary motivator for the use of CTP is to achieve normal goals, goals the participants themselves interpret as normal, distinct from recreational use. Legislative and other policy modifications are required to ensure authorized access to regulated cannabis in order to protect public health and public safety.

Why do employees voice ideas for constructive changes in their organization and then fail to pursue those changes? To answer this question, we examined how individuals' voice experiences with managers influence their initiative in pursuing constructive changes. Viewing the voicer–manager dyad as the basic unit of analysis, we propose that (in)congruence between manager-rated and employee self-rated voice behavior provides individuals with important cues about whether they receive respect for their voiced ideas. This sequentially influences whether employees prefer to pursue constructive changes after speaking up. Using time-lagged survey data collected from 191 employee–manager dyads, we tested our hypotheses using a multilevel polynomial regression framework. The findings show that the experience of voice congruence increases an individual's perceived respect for voice from the manager, which, in turn, leads to greater effort in implementing constructive changes. This relationship is stronger for individuals who believe that they cannot speak up to the manager without clear solutions and careful preparation (i.e. voice quality belief). The theoretical and practical implications of this study are also discussed.

The three-rivers headwater region (THRHR) of Qinghai province, China plays a key role as source of fresh water and ecosystem services for central and eastern China. Global warming and human activities in the THRHR have threatened the ecosystem since the 1980s. Therefore, the Chinese government has included managing of the THRHR in the national strategy since 2003. The State Integrated Test and Demonstration Region of the THRHR highlights the connection with social engineering (focus on improving people's livelihood and well-being) in managing nature reserves. Based on this program, this perspective attempts a holistic analysis of the strategic role of the THRHR, requirements for change, indices of change, and approaches to change. Long-term success of managing nature reserves requires effective combination of ecological conservation, economic development, and social progress. Thus, the philosophy of social engineering should be employed as a strategy to manage the THRHR.

This book examines China's role and its cultural productions in the process of environmental destruction and transformation, focusing on how various cultural media play a significant role in shaping and reproducing Chinese subject formation in relation to changing ecological conditions. It argues that China under the leadership of Xi Jinping vowed in 2017 to play a leading role in preserving the planet for the future, but many of its actions such as its "Belt and Road" initiative have aroused apprehension rather than inspired confidence. Against this backdrop of environmental concern, this volume brings together a cutting-edge critical analysis of Chinese literature, music and cinema, offering a transdisciplinary and comprehensive vision of Chinese arts and literature under the current conditions of the Anthropocene. This volume sets a high scholarly standard in the field, and constitutes a valuable reference for scholars and students of Chinese cultural studies, Chinese studies and Anthropocene studies

Predicts cultural change through electronic communication, including changes in patterns of urban and national loyalty, cultural and linguistic diversity, and technological innovation; examines Internet issues, including education, access, censorship, and monopoly; 5 articles and interviews.

Introduction. Currently, the most peaceful and socially advanced or developed countries are those that have invested or invest more percentage points of the Gross Domestic Product to ensure the development and enjoyment of childhood (Norway, Slovenia, Finland, Netherlands and Sweden), according to the child risk measure. This article aims to reflect on situations that have given rise to a historical debt to childhood and a disadvantaged asymmetry between the child and the adult. This gives rise to serious future issues on the social, moral, ethical, political and labor levels. Topics of reflection. It is appropriate to recognize that the ultimate goal of a country's socioeconomic development is to achieve stable, lasting peace; a society in which there are no enemies, people respect the environment, and anticipate and mitigate natural disasters and hazards as much as possible. To do so, it is necessary to educate men and women responsible for building and maintaining this social state. Ensuring the health, education, enjoyment and full development of children secures this purpose. Investment in childhood is perhaps the most important factor to bring about the overall development of a country. James Heckman, awarded the Nobel prize in Economics, has conducted research that shows there is no socially valid investment better than the investment in childhood. Profitability would be given, among other things, by the level of education achieved, entrepreneurship, employment and job performance, a decrease in subsidies and crime, and an increase in tax collection. These results are valid not only for the United States, but can logically and rationally be extrapolated to any country in the world. Conclusions. A generous investment in childhood is the most important element in preventing war and building peace. Caring and loving support of children in which their essential needs of affection, health, education, food, housing and recreation are satisfied will pay off in more resilient men and women, in whom empathy, ...

"Why has the most innovative of species become so dangerous? The answer, suggests Peter Russell, lies in humanity's accelerating pace of development. He shows how innovation breeds further innovation-a positive feedback loop that leads to exponentially increasing rates of change. But ever-accelerating change also creates stress on the systems involved-personal, social, and planetary. We are heading into a future with technology beyond our dreams, but in a world that is breaking at the seams. This, Russell argues is the inevitable fate of any intelligent, technologically-empowered species."

Before 1990, regional development policy as a governmental function was of secondary importance. Although economic planning, control and management were based on sectoral principles, regional processes contributed towards an equilibrium in the sense that differences in social-economic development were decreasing among the various regions. This apparent contradiction is attributable to Hungary's economic structure. Before 1990, due to the lack of market and competition, the economic system basically gave support to and protected weaker regions at the expense of the strong ones. These tendencies hindered the dynamism of the economy while leading to the mitigation of regional imbalances. In the first half of the 1990s, spatial development activity in Hungary was of transitory nature. Partly because of the untested practice of spatial development management, institutions and mechanism, and partly because of the absence of a medium-level authority with appropriate powers, the issues that required intervention had to be handled by means of direct governmental instruments. The insufficiency of the available instruments, however, hindered the efficiency of individual interventions. The process of economic recession highlighted the need to create new spatial development instruments in order to manage growing regional disparities, the problems of depressed regions affected by serious social and economic crisis. The clearly unfavourable regional trends created the need for establishing a more pronounced regional policy with a new institutional system, decentralisation of decision-making, co-ordination of resources. Its basis was laid down in Act XXI of 1996 on Spatial Development and Planning. The law specifies the tasks and identifies the instruments and institutions of spatial development and planning. With the adoption of the Act, Hungary was the first among the accession countries to create a legal framework in conformity with EU spatial development requirements. A review of spatial processes and measures indicates that in the 1990s spatial development policy established its new network of instruments and institutions, primarily with a view to mitigating spatial disparities and it focused, in particular, on underdeveloped and depressed regions. Although this policy could reduce the unfavourable effects of market-based spatial differences in the economy, it could prevent new excessive depressed (crisis-ridden) regions from surfacing, nevertheless it failed to put a halt to these trends.

Abstract The adoption of active learning pedagogy and, later, the institution of the employability agenda in Higher Education have resulted in a severe loss of agency for academics and students in the Social Sciences. In this article, we reflect on our experiences of applying active learning methods. We argue that we have been part of a change that has occasioned a loss of key skills development, especially those associated with traditional learning and academic thinking. An overly headlong rush to implement the "new" over the "old" saw the discarding of certain skills central to the active learning agenda. Further, the emphasis on student satisfaction, professionalisation and quality assurance pushed the academic to the sidelines, to the detriment of Higher Education. We, therefore, first critique the skills debate and identify shortcomings in the active learning application that emerged from that debate. We focus on the skills emphasised in practice, how they are portrayed in opposition (instead of complementarity) to academic skills, and how they undermine the agency academics and students really require. Next, we propose a reconsideration of necessary but undervalued skills like reading, listening and note-taking.

AbstractThe adoption of active learning pedagogy and, later, the institution of the employability agenda in Higher Education have resulted in a severe loss of agency for academics and students in the Social Sciences. In this article, we reflect on our experiences of applying active learning methods. We argue that we have been part of a change that has occasioned a loss of key skills development, especially those associated with traditional learning and academic thinking. An overly headlong rush to implement the "new" over the "old" saw the discarding of certain skills central to the active learning agenda. Further, the emphasis on student satisfaction, professionalisation and quality assurance pushed the academic to the sidelines, to the detriment of Higher Education. We, therefore, first critique the skills debate and identify shortcomings in the active learning application that emerged from that debate. We focus on the skills emphasised in practice, how they are portrayed in opposition (instead of complementarity) to academic skills, and how they undermine the agency academics and students really require. Next, we propose a reconsideration of necessary but undervalued skills like reading, listening and note-taking.

The transformation of legal education in Indonesia has become the study and anxiety of many legal experts in Indonesia. Legal education is seen as only producing law graduates who are no more legal craftsmen. Legal education ignores the ideologization of social justice values. Therefore, the transformation of higher legal education in Indonesia absolutely must be done by first carrying out an inventory of the main problems in the legal education system in Indonesia. This article attempts to perform an analysis of the description of the main problems in the legal education system and the steps that should be taken to hasten the transformation of higher legal education in Indonesia. Changes in the Legal Studies Curriculum and the transformation of the learning process that is more oriented towards humanizing lecturers and students have become an urgent need. One of the short-term offers is to make Legal Clinical Education as a compulsory subject in the Legal Studies Program. Whereas the other offer is transformation the Legal Studies Curriculum, Legal Learning Methods and Processes that are oriented in mastering the legal knowledge, legal skills, and law students' alignments on issues of law and justice.

There are large and persistent disparities between the health status of Blacks and Whites in the United States. On average, the mental and physical health of Blacks is much poorer than Whites. In this article, we discuss several potential direct causes of Black–White disparities in health status, which include biological or genetic factors, prejudice and related processes, and socioeconomic factors. We also consider how the system‐level, patient‐level, and provider‐level components of healthcare contribute to disparities in health status. We examine in detail the psychological processes associated with patient‐ and provider‐level factors that may produce healthcare disparities. Of particular interest is the potential impact of racial attitudes and stereotypes on provider–patient interactions. Finally, we propose possible directions for future research on health disparities and discuss policy changes that might reduce disparities in health status and healthcare between social groups.

In "Lifting Burdens: Proof, Social Justice, and Public Assistance Administrative Hearings," Lisa Brodoff describes the administrative hearing system for public assistance recipients and applicants, and asserts that it is the primary social justice system for the poor. She discusses why public assistance appellants are always placed at a significant disadvantage in this system. The article proposes that the best way to even out the inequities in adjudications is to always place the burdens of production and persuasion by clear and convincing evidence on the government in these hearings. She argues that policy, efficiency, and fairness require a consistent and heavy burden on the state when it attempts to take away or deny brutal needs benefits. This article examines other administrative substantive areas where the burden is placed on the government in hearings, and shows why the policies behind the changed burden in those areas apply with equal force to public benefits hearings. She demonstrates why a new and heavy burden on the agency will not only result in more equitable adjudications but also lead to better managed public assistance programs. Finally, she suggests ways in which to implement this change.