Suchergebnisse

This article discusses the pedagogical aspect of the category of "moral choice",
revealed the potential of educational and developmental moral choice as a means of
educating morally stable person.

The article reproduces the speech of Sergey N. Baburin at the plenary session of the inter-national scientific conference "Law Enforcement in Public and Private Law", which was held on March 26, 2021 at the Faculty of Law of the Dostoevsky Omsk State University. The conference was dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Fedor M. Dostoevsky. On the example of the law enforcement of the norms of the Treaty on the Creation of the Union Russian-Belarusian State of 1999 the speaker examines the issues of modern social choice in the development of mankind. Civilizm is proposed as a new social system, and the characteristics of its constitutionalism, political system, and justice system are described. The author argues for the necessity of establishing a moral state and creating a union state with the participation of Russia by using the mechanisms of integration constitutionalism. ; Воспроизводится выступление С.Н. Бабурина на пленарном заседании международной научной конференции «Правоприменение в публичном и частном праве», посвященной 200-летию со дня рождения Ф.М. Достоевского, которая состоялась 26 марта 2021 г. на юридическом факультете Омского государственного университета им. Ф.М. Достоевского. На примере правоприменения норм Договора о создании Союзного Российско-Белорусского государства 1999 г. докладчиком рассматриваются вопросы современного социального выбора в развитии человечества. В качестве нового общественного строя предлагается цивилизм, дается характеристика особенно-стей его конституционализма, политической системы и системы правосудия. Аргументируется необходимость становления нравственного государства и создания с участием России союзного государства путем использования механизмов интеграционного конституционализма.

The paper is devoted to choice of priorities of the state social policy of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to examine the process of selecting the priorities of state social policy and relate them with the model of the welfare state, declared in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Documentary, comparative, systematic and historical methods were used as a theoretical basis of the research. The study resulted in the analysis of the process of selecting the priorities of state social policy in the Russian Federation. The results can be used in the educational process for Masters and PhD students in Political Science. The author formulated the conclusion about the formation of the new priorities in the system – the constructive direction of social policy corresponding to the model of the welfare state. ; Статья посвящена проблеме выбора приоритетов государственной социальной политики Российской Федерации. Цель данного исследования – рассмотреть процесс выбора приоритетов государственной социальной политики и соотнести их моделью социального государства, продекларированной в Конституции Российской Федерации. В качестве теоретической основы исследования были использованы такие методы как документальный, сравнительный, системный, исторический. Результатом исследования стал анализ процесса выбора приоритетов государственной социальной политики в Российской Федерации. Работа может быть использована в учебном процессе для магистров и аспирантов по направлению подготовки «Политические науки». В итоге автором сформулирован вывод о формировании в системе приоритетов нового – конструктивного направления социальной политики, соответствующего модели социального государства.

The article deals with the actual problems of the development of modern society. Based on the analysis and understanding of sociological works on this subject, an attempt was made to reveal the mechanism for choosing the future and the place of culture in this process. The consumer society that dominates the world today is often viewed as the only possible perspective of modern civilization, and its ideals and values ​​are presented as a role model. It is assumed that the value attitudes of such a society have a number of advantages over the values ​​of other social and cultural types of organization of public life and open up unlimited opportunities for economic development for those regions that accept them. However, the problems that arise in the course of their implementation are becoming more and more obvious. The question is, if these problems are transient difficulties in the movement of the consumer society towards triumph on a worldwide scale, or if they testify to its historical limitations and to the far from unconditional universality of its value orientations. The answer to this question is especially important for the societies where this type of organization of socio-economic and cultural life is not historically organic, and other development prospects are possible.

The future is multivariate, but limited by the framework of the previous development of the system and its current state. Social sciences, humanities are lagging behind in comprehending rapid and global changes. It is promising to study the changes taking place in various spheres of modern culture, where new meanings and values ​​of life are emerging, providing a new type of civilizational development. The article examines the classical approaches to the structure of sociality, including its new type, which can be called, according to E. Durkheim, "divine social". It is stated that in the XXI c. a new generation has grown up, that cannot be called lost, infantile, split. It adheres to its ideals, is focused on changes and wants to live in a world where its opinions are taken into account, where social justice is a priority. The author shows the importance of studying the mechanism and motives for choosing the new, the role of the clash of cultures in this process, the conflict of values, the emergence and rooting of new life meanings.

The paper focuses on the peculiar features of the current electoral process in Russia. It explores the influence of social, political and cultural factors on the voters' choice. The motives of citizen participation and the results of the recent parliamentary elections are subject to comprehensive analysis. ; В статье рассматриваются особенности современного электорального процесса в России. Показано влияние социально-политических, культурных обстоятельств, обусловливающих выбор населения. Проанализированы мотивы участия граждан и итоги парламентских выборов.

The article deals with the inheritance of technical professions for three generations of the family. The relevance of the study is due to the need of studying the influence of the family on the educational, professional, and cultural capital of students. The main issues of the project are the educational and professional paths of several generations of the family, family capital, motives for choosing a technical profession by students of Russian universities, dynasties of technical specialists, the collection of biographical works as a method of empirical sociology.
The autobiographies written by the students of technical specialties of Russian higher educational institutions were analyzed. The educational experience of parents, grandparents of informants was studied. The author presents the classification of professions of the older generations of the family. The texts were processed using specialized computer programs.
It is established that the technical profession is leading in the list of occupations of the older generations of the students' family. The second place is occupied by workers in the field of economics. In the dynasties of technical specialists, the main factor in choosing a profession is the inheritance of family professional, educational, cultural and social capital. In other families, the main motives for choosing a technical education and profession are the abilities and interests of the student, as well as the prospects of a high income. Inheritance of a profession closes the ranking of reasons for admission to technical faculties.
A methodological analysis of the collection of biographical works was carried out. The approach minimizes the presence of the researcher at the field stage of the project implementation, allows the use of computer text processing, is relevant to the study of generational issues in sociology. Among the disadvantages of the method is the incompleteness of the primary information received.
The results of the project can be used to solve the tasks of social policy in the fields of labor, education and family. The experience of generational analysis of biographical materials is important to sociology.

Highlighting the ideologically significant factors but paying little attention to the personal beliefs and mindsets are common for publications considering the identity of the Kaliningrad Oblast inhabitants. At best, the authors refer to local myths and stereotypes. To address this shortcoming, we suggest considering the identity as a reflexive construction, strengthened by narratives and controlled by social practices. The paper is aimed to show how the refocusing of thinking of social reality was affecting the Kaliningrad Oblast's society during the last decade and to reveal its impact on the self-identification of Kaliningrad Oblast inhabitants. The research is based on the interviews carried out by the authors in the summer of 2020. The results of the content analyses of the text materials were compared with the data of previous surveys and research. The analysis reveals that the two opposing cultural phenomena are essential for the regional society: the first is "outdating," a reflection on the current processes and changes in terms which are relevant for previous periods; and the second is "outscoring," an introduction of the narratives and practices typical for the post-modern society. The authors hypothesize that the current level of pluralism achieved by the regional society, as well as the combination of the traditional and modern values, provide the necessary resilience for the identity of the Kaliningrad Oblast inhabitants and make it possible to consider this identity as a driver of the regional development. Nevertheless, the current balance is fragile, and it can be threatened by the discrepancy between the politics of identity retention, managed by the traditional state-oriented tools, and the reflexivity of modern individuals, which are weakly regulated by traditions, social prescriptions, or ascriptions. This hypothesis requires further verification. ; Для исследований идентичности жителей Калининградской области характерно сочетание пристального внимания к идеологически значимым факторам ее формирования с его дефицитом к вопросам персональных убеждений и мировоззрения. В лучшем случае исследователи говорят о стереотипах общественного мнения и устойчивых мифологемах. Авторы статьи стремятся восполнить этот пробел, предлагая взглянуть на идентичность как на рефлексивный проект, поддерживаемый с помощью нарративов и контролируемый социальной практикой. Цель статьи – показать сдвиги в осмыслении окружающей действительности, произошедшие в калининградском социуме в начале XXI в., и выявить характер их влияния на самоидентификацию калининградцев. В работе авторы опирались на серию интервью, проведенных летом 2020 г. Результаты контент-анализа текстовых материалов сопоставлялись с выводами других исследователей и данными социологических опросов. Анализ показал, что для калининградского социума характерно наличие противоположных культурных феноменов: "запаздывания", т.е. осмысления происходящих изменений в категориях, релевантных для предыдущей эпохи, и "опережения" – использования нарративов и практик, характерных для постмодерна. Авторы высказывают предположение, что достигнутый калининградским социумом уровень плюрализма, базирующийся на сочетании современных и традиционных ценностных установок, обеспечивает идентичности жителей области необходимую устойчивость. Однако противоречие между политикой удержания идентичности в рамках традиционных государственнических представлений и рефлексивностью современного общества, в котором индивид не связан традициями и аскриптивными отношениями, может нарушить сложившееся равновесие.

The study is the author's vision of national self-interest as a catalyst for national consciousness and, therefore, the development of patriotic attitude to the problems and prospects of the nation. Characterized by positive and negative aspects of national egoism and its consequences. The behavior of the modern Ukrainian government on the introduction of "policy of national self-interest". Substantiates the need for Ukraine to new standards of economic behavior on the principles of moral comparison of personal interests and social values. The basic economic consequences for Ukraine's active implementation of the principles of selfish behavior in the international arena. ; В исследовании представлено авторское видение национального эгоизма, как фактора, стимулирующего национальное сознание, и, соответственно, развитие патриотического отношения к проблемам и перспективам нации. Охарактеризованы положительные и негативные проявления национального эгоизма и его последствий. Проанализировано поведение современного правительства Украины относительно внедрения «политики национального эгоизма». Обоснована потребность Украины в новых стандартах экономического поведения на принципах нравственного сопоставления личностных интересов и общественных ценностей. Исследованы основ- ные экономические последствия для Украины активного внедрения эгоистических принципов поведения на мировой арене.

Analysis of attitude towards various professions (attractiveness or prestige) is a integral part of studying the choice of profession. The dynamics of the attitude of young people to the studies indicates that it is clearly connected with the current situation and changes when new phenomena arise in it. Thus, in the data of the 1960s echoes of recent events are noticeable - the launch of the first Soviet "Sputniks", the Yuri Gagarin's flight. The connection with the demand for professions, one way or another related to science and technology, is obvious: the attractiveness of the occupations of scientists and engineers is great. During the years of economic difficulties and shortages, attention was drawn to the rise in the attractiveness of the professions of a seller, an accountant, which had previously been among the lowest rated. Then the time came when the leaders were professions of a bank employee, a lawyer, a businessman, a foreign trade worker, and scientists, teachers fell lower and lower on the scale of attractiveness. In the 2010s, a civil servant joined the leaders.

The opinions expressed in each subsequent year belong to a different cohort of young people. Analysis of the dynamics over a long period of time also allows one to draw conclusions about the characteristics belonging to different generations. At the same time, it is found that in order to interpret the data, it is necessary to consider the attitude towards classes in connection with the accumulated experience of the family as well. Family experiences are translated into educational and vocational orientations of children. This is confirmed by data on motivation and the actual choice of education and profession. The conclusion that the formation of youth orientations is associated not only with the perception of the current situation, but also with the social experience of previous generations, is based on the materials of over 50 years of data.

The article gives a philosophical and political analysis of the issue of Russia's civilizational choice in the post-pandemic world.It is shown that Russia and the West represent different civilizational models and have different value systems.The modern geopolitical and geo-economic contradictions between the West and Russia are analyzed.It is emphasized that in the context of the global Covid-19 pandemic, the West is experiencing not only a deepest economic crisis and the crisis of statehood, but also a decline in the spiritual and moral sphere and the degradation of values. Therefore, the United States will use any means, including new weapons, as well as biological, to retain their hegemony.It is noted that Russia represents a special civilization, which occupies a central place in Eurasia between the West and the East, and therefore is permanently "doomed" to a civilizational choice.It is substantiated that in the post-pandemic world, Russia requires an active counter-project of the Western development model, which can be Eurasianism. Two projects of the "Izborsk Club" were considered: the concept of the advanced development by S. Glazyev and the concept "Russian Ark".It is concluded that the Russian Federation can play a leading role in the world order and offer the creation of an international anti-war coalition of countries capable of withstanding US aggression; an inspection of the world's military bio-laboratories with the involvement of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Security Council; the formation of a collective system of security and the creation in the Eurasian space of a new center for the generation of world social wealth; the formation of a new "Eurasian Union" of Russia, India and Iran. The author concludes that in the post-pandemic world, Russia's civilizational choice is Eurasia. ; В статье дан философско-политический анализ проблемы цивилизационного выбора России в постпандемическом мире.Показано, что Россия и Запад представляют разные цивилизационные модели и имеют разные системы ценностей.Проанализированы современные геополитические и геоэкономические противоречия Запада и России.Подчеркнуто, что в условиях глобальной пандемии COVID-19 Запад переживает не только глубочайший экономический кризис и кризис государственности, но и упадок в духовно-нравственной сфере и деградацию ценностей. Поэтому США для удержания своей гегемонии будут использовать любые средства, в том числе новые виды оружия, включая биологическое.Отмечено, что Россия представляет особую цивилизацию, которая занимает центральное место в Евразии между Западом и Востоком, и потому перманентно «обречена» на цивилизационный выбор.Обосновано, что в постпандемическом мире России требуется активный контрпроект западной модели развития, каким может быть евразийство. Рассмотрены два проекта «Изборского клуба»: концепция опережающего развития С. Ю. Глазьева и концепция «Русский ковчег».Сделан вывод, что Россия может сыграть лидирующую роль в мироустройстве и предложить создание международной антивоенной коалиции стран, способных противостоять агрессии США и провести инспектирование существующих в мире военных биолабораторий с привлечением ВОЗ и Совета безопасности ООН; выдвинуть идею формирования на евразийском континенте коллективной системы безопасности и центра генерации мирового общественного богатства; инициировать создание «Евразийского союза» трех держав — России, Индии и Ирана.Сделано заключение, что в постпандемическом мире цивилизационным выбором России является Евразия.

Power is a heavy, but great cross, which not every person is capable of carrying. It is both the right to decide the fate of the country and people, and a great responsibility. This is the choice to serve one's people, accompanied by numerous trials and overcoming of considerable life challenges. With the words «power» or «ruler», we see the image of a person endowed with a life grasp and willpower, who always retains a fi rmness of mind and is not afraid to oppose anyone. If he is gifted with the talents of a commander, strategist, politician and diplomat, the power is often able to shift all spiritual values to the background, and to put forward material desires and the possibilities of their realization. That is why, with all the fullness of one's power, it is important to remain a virtuous, merciful and humane person. However, history shows that even in our Orthodox land such statesmen are very rare. Alexander Nevsky is a striking example of a great, humane and just ruler. A great number of works of both church and secular nature have been written about the noble knyaz. Meanwhile, his outstanding personality will not cease to attract attention, and after hundreds of years, this topic will always be relevant to us, especially from the point of view of the social orientation of his activities.

This article is devoted to the analysis of social factors that indicate the choice of a certain personal name among the Turkmen people. The article examines personal names which contain extensive information about the features of the cultural, historical, social and everyday picture of the development of society.
The relevance of this work is determined by the growing interest in the onomastics of Turkmenistan, namely personal names, which are the most important linguistic source of information about the culture and history of the Turkmen people. The article discusses the system of principles underlying the naming of a born child by a name among the Turkmen people. The Turkmen anthroponymic system indicates a wide range of criteria associated with family-tribal, religious, historical, natural, and physiological naming traditions.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the motives for naming among the Turkmen people.
In the article we have highlighted the main models of naming. In Turkmen linguistic culture, parents' attitudes were manifested in intentional names.
In conclusion, we can conclude that a personal name carries a deep semantic load. Moreover, it affects a person's future. Along with the usual rules that Turkmens use when choosing names for their children, they have special customs that reflect the specifics and originality of naming a child and these customs are closely related to the character of the people themselves, the nature of their economy, sociocultural and religious and moral views.
Our analysis of the motives for naming among the Turkmens showed that the Turkmen anthroponymic system reflects the unique features of the life understanding of the surrounding reality, which clarifies certain periods of the social life and spiritual culture of the Turkmen people.

The article deals with the issue of historical self-understanding of contemporary Russian society. A nation's civilization-wise self-determination is formed through mastering national history and learning the lessons of the social catastrophes of the 20th century. It is possible to transmit the social experience of the past to new generations by actualizing cultural values originally born within Russia's religious, artistic and political traditions. Russian society should expand its discursive practices of cultural and historical knowledge, together with the sphere of public discussion of history and culture. This article looks at two potential implications (educational and cultural) of the current state of affairs.Especially urgent is the issue of how the younger generation imagines and understands themselves, of the values they share, their attitudes to the history of Russia and the various types of ethnic heritage. We present the outcomes of a sociological study held by the author for 6 years (2006-2012) while teaching freshmen at the Institute of Economics and Industrial Management, National University of Science and Technology MISiS. The study clearly showed that today's students, like the previous generations, perceive Russia's historical past as a living part of the contemporary society's experience. They see the country's spiritual and artistic heritage as a certain safeguard of historical conscience and a precondition for its future development.In the last decade this trend has been aligned with the federal cultural policy and its focus on rebuilding historical continuity and preserving cultural heritage. Thus we analyze the current federal policy in the spheres of culture and education, the educational use of cutting-edge multimedia tools and the topical forms of structuring exhibition and museum space in order to transform them into intellectual platforms for working out a national idea. Debates on such issues as interpretations of history, the perspectives of a single history textbook for secondary schools, mark the 'trigger points' of the nation's historical well-being. ; Статья посвящена проблеме исторического самопознания современного российского общества. Цивилизационное самоопределение нации, считает автор, формируется в результате освоения отечественной истории, извлечения уроков из социальных катастроф ХХ в. Наследование социального опыта прошлого возможно как актуализация культурных ценностей, выработанных в рамках отечественных религиозных, художественных, политических традиций. Российскому обществу следует расширять дискурсивные практики культурно-исторического знания, а вместе с тем и публичное обсуждение истории и культуры. В статье рассматриваются два вектора развития этой ситуации — образовательный и культурный.Особенно остро стоит вопрос о понимании и представлении молодого поколения о самих себе, о ценностном наполнении их жизненного опыта, об отношении к истории своей страны и наследию национальных культур. Автор приводит результаты социологических исследований, которые проводились им в течение шести лет (2006–2012 гг.) со студенческой аудиторией первого курса Института управления и экономики промышленных предприятий Национального исследовательского технологического университета «Московский институт стали и сплавов». Результаты исследования показывают, что студенческая молодежь продолжает воспринимать историческое прошлое страны как живую часть культурного опыта современного российского социума, признавая духовное и художественное наследие своеобразной гарантией развития исторического самосознания — условием движения к будущему.Эта тенденция в последнее десятилетие развивается с общей линией государственной культурной политики по восстановлению исторической преемственности и сохранению культурного наследия. Анализируется политика государства в области образования и культуры, использование современного инструментария мультимедиа в просветительских целях, актуальные формы организации музейно-выставочных пространств, которые становятся интеллектуальными площадками для выработки общенациональной идеи. Споры об интерпретации истории, возможности единого учебника и пр. обозначают болевые точки исторического самочувствия нации.

The article analyzes global changes in the international arena, which in a concentrated form reflect the dynamics of the most complicated geopolitical processes, the dialectics of the interconnection of the old and the new in the world politics. We study its problem nodes and key issues. The world political process is considered as an expression of a flexible mobility, variability, dynamic interaction of a multitude of objective and subjective factors that determine the content, nature and vectors of the evolution of the world community. The author focuses on the systemic set of interdependent subprocesses: global, regional, local-country, inertial, crisis, etc. Dialectical interrelations of national and global in world politics are traced. Great attention is paid to the role of social networks in the global space. The peculiarities of the globalization of information processes, their influence on the alignment of forces in the world arena, geopolitical capabilities and the potential of the information sphere in the competitive rivalry of states are revealed. The strategic lines of Russia's foreign policy are analyzed taking into account the latest trends that determine its geopolitical status and place in the world community. In the actual problematic refraction, the features of Russophobia in world politics, its phantoms and realities are being comprehended. The most important issue of world politics — achieving geopolitical goals by increasing the desirable or reducing the undesirable is being conceptualized. Geopolitically, it is extremely important that it is the cultural and humanitarian imperative that lies at the basis of «soft («flexible or intelligent») power», which comes to the forefront of world politics. «Soft power» is considered as a comprehensive tool for solving foreign policy problems with the support of the opportunities of civil society, information and communication, humanitarian and other methods and technologies. At the same time, close attention is paid to underwater reefs — the risks of destructive and unlawful use of «soft power» in order to exert political pressure on sovereign states, interfere in their internal affairs, manipulate public opinion and consciousness. ; В статье анализируются глобальные изменения на международной арене, которые в концентрированном виде отражают динамику сложнейших геополитических процессов, диалектику взаимосвязи старого и нового в мировой политике. Исследуются ее проблемные узлы и ключевые вопросы. Мировой политический процесс рассматривается как выражение гибкой подвижности, изменчивости, динамического взаимодействия множества объективных и субъективных факторов, определяющих содержание, характер и векторы эволюции мирового сообщества. Автор делает акцент на системной совокупности взаимозависимых субпроцессов: глобальных, региональных, локально-страновых, инерционных, кризисных и т. д. Прослеживаются диалектические взаимосвязи национального и глобального в мировой политике. Большое внимание уделяется роли социальных сетей в глобальном пространстве. Раскрываются особенности глобализации информационных процессов, их влияние на расстановку сил на мировой арене, геополитические возможности и потенциал информационной сферы в конкурентном соперничестве государств. Анализируются стратегические линии внешней политики России с учетом новейших тенденций, которые определяют ее геополитический статус и место в мировом сообществе. В актуальном проблемном преломлении осмысливаются особенности русофобии в мировой политике, ее фантомы и реальности. Концептуализируется важнейший вопрос мировой политики о достижении геополитических целей путем увеличения желательного или уменьшения нежелательного. Геополитически чрезвычайно важно, что именно культурно-гуманитарный императив лежит в основе «мягкой («гибкой или умной») силы», которая выходит на первый план мировой политики. «Мягкая сила» рассматривается как комплексный инструментарий решения внешнеполитических задач с опорой на возможности гражданского общества, информационно-коммуникационные, гуманитарные и другие методы и технологии. Вместе с тем обращено пристальное внимание на подводные рифы — риски деструктивного и противоправного использования «мягкой силы» в целях оказания политического давления на суверенные государства, вмешательства в их внутренние дела, манипулирования общественным мнением и сознанием.

This translation contains an introduction to the second edition of a book written by Paul Lazarsfeld and his co-authors (Lazarsfeld P.F., Berelson B., Gaudet H. The People's Choice: How the Voter Makes Up His Mind in a Presidential Campaign. 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1948.), which became an important benchmark for the development of the methodology of sociological sample surveys, and which marked the emergence of a new method – "panel surveys". This new method opened up unprecedented opportunities for transitioning from simply registering the public opinion at any given moment, utilizing a series of surveys each time with the participation of new respondents, towards tracking the emergence, shifts and dissociation of certain opinions, ideas and behavior patterns on an individual level. Thereby in contrast to static evaluation a new model had been proposed, "a disciplined and limited kind of dynamic research", which its authors associated with the long-term development of all social sciences.