Suchergebnisse

Purpose
Based on the social role theory, role congruity theory and gender role conflict theory, this paper aims to investigate the mediating role of "relationship conflict" in the association between traditional gender role (TGR) endorsement and objective and subjective negotiation outcomes.


Design/methodology/approach
Two experimental negotiation studies (n1 = 138, n2 = 128) were conducted at a US university.


Findings
This paper presents three original and noteworthy findings: One, in mixed-gender negotiations, as a dyad's TGR endorsement increases, final agreements become significantly more likely to favor men than women. Two, in mixed-gender negotiations, TGR endorsement is significantly associated with a decreased ability to establish a pleasant, mutually satisfactory and successful business relationship, resulting in a possible future economic cost due to lost opportunity. Three, the heightened relationship conflict during the negotiation mediates the negative association between TGR endorsement and women's economic outcomes.


Research limitations/implications
Empirical findings support social role theory, role congruity theory and gender role conflict theory. The use of a distributive negotiation case and laboratory research methodology may limit the generalizability of findings.


Practical implications
Findings about the detrimental effects of TGR in mixed-gender negotiations magnify the importance of becoming aware of our TGR orientations and their potential negative consequences on our long-term collaborations. Also, it is necessary to provide negotiation trainings to both genders with regard to gender-driven conflicts and offer tools to prevent or tackle such conflicts.


Social implications
Negotiations are among the most consequential of social interactions as their results have a substantial impact on individuals' careers and financial outcomes. Understanding the effect of TGRs is paramount to improve female representation, participation and effectiveness in management and leadership. Mixed-gender negotiations such as collective equality bargaining, workplace social interactions, work-life balance discourse are critical to establishing gender equality and fairness in organizations and societies.


Originality/value
Understanding how gender influences negotiation processes and outcomes and using the findings to improve both genders' negotiation success are crucial to establishing fairness and equity in society and business. This research attempts to close a gap in the literature by focusing on the potential function of gender role orientation in explaining gender differences in negotiation.

Profound changes in the structure & functioning of families in Europe & North America in recent decades are considered. It is argued that neither developmental family theory nor conflict theory is appropriate to explain these changes due to inappropriate asssumptions. Rather, a multidimensional model is necessary, which, aside from economic, social, & political factors, also takes into account the culture & normative systems of the populations & the possibility of individual choices among different response patterns. It is concluded that structural-functional theory provides the best theoretical basis for such a multidimensional model. Modified AA

The goals & perspectives of Soviet education are discussed, based on primary survey data from sociological studies on education, employment, & professional choice, conducted 1963-1983 in Siberia & other areas of the USSR. Analyzed is the impact of the modern scientific-technical revolution & specific demographic processes on the structural conflict between society's manpower requirements & the vocational aspirations of youth. It is concluded that in order to resolve this contradiction, a radical change in the structure of the social division of work is necessary. 1 Table, 1 Figure. Modified AA

This article presents, in the context of public participation, a case of cooperative planning, a practice that is still rather rare in Hungary. The Partners-Hungary Foundation arranged cooperative planning concerning a local tax issue in a medium-sized city in Hungary. The authors describe the program, the essence of the conflict, and the stakeholders. The foundation provided a training program to develop skills in cooperation. The article examines the course of the training, the process of the cooperative planning, and the proposals of the participants to resolve the conflict. The article reviews which proposals were adopted by the local government, how they were adopted, and the other outcomes of the cooperative planning session.

The war launched by America and its allies against the country of Iraq on 2003 was a debatable and notorious war for the public opinion was shocked with the realization that the reasons for launching the war under the title 'Iraq's Mass Destruction Weapons' were false. The tragic consequences of this war led many writers around the world to question the policy of the United States and its manipulation of facts to justify their narratives. The present study examines the American policy of invading Iraq in David Hare's Stuff Happens. It investigates Hare's technique of combining documentary realism with imaginative reconstruction of the arguments to dramatize the American Invasion of Iraq. Stuff Happens is a historical and political play written as a verbatim theatre. It depicts the backroom deals and political maneuvers of the Bush administration in justifying their campaign against the "Axis of Evil" culminated by the war against Iraq. The verbatim theatre is the best way of showing the gap between "what is said and what is seen to be done". Scenes of direct speeches by real characters are part of this theatre dramatized to present a new reading of a historical event. In addition, characterization is used by Hare's to chronicle the American war on Iraq. The study follows a postcolonial framework. The study concludes that Hare's Stuff Happens succeeded in shaking the public opinion with the truth that Bush's administration has manipulated facts in order to achieve their colonial and imperial interests in Iraq, which led to more destruction and violence in this country.

La presente investigación tiene como propósito explicitar las perspectivas sobre conflicto y ciudadanía presentes en los discursos de política pública durante el periodo comprendido entre 1991 y 2014 en Colombia. En ella se identifican referentes de comprensión, intereses teóricos, implicaciones éticas, políticas y pedagógicas y se proponen alternativas de intervención en el campo social y educativo. El estudio se fundamenta desde la propuesta teórica de Arendt (1999), Zuleta (2005), Nussbaum (2001, 2010), Habermas (1982, 1987) y Cortina (1997). La metodología parte del Análisis Crítico del Discurso desde Chouliaraki (1999), Fairclough - Wodak (2000) y Wodak y Meyer (2003), que permite relacionar los discursos con una problemática social, los obstáculos que han impedido su superación, la función de ésta en las prácticas sociales, las posibles formas de superar los obstáculos y la reflexión sobre el análisis realizado. Se tomó una muestra de 53 documentos de orden nacional y territoral desde 1991 hasta 2014. A partir del estudio realizado se pudo establecer la tendencia de losdiscursos a asumir la ciudadanía desde una perspectiva homogénea centrada en la formación de competencias ciudadanas y el conflicto desde una perspectiva instrumentalista que hace énfasis en lo procedimental, minimizando los elementos ético y político de construcción de consensos a partir de la deliberación, el reconocimiento y la crítica. El estudio hace una apuesta por la formación de una ciudadanía activa, plural y diversa que asume el conflicto de una manera positiva como elemento esencial de la interacción social. ; This research aims to explain the prospects for conflict and citizenship present in the speeches of public policy for the period between 1991 and 2014 in Colombia. In her understanding concerning theoretical interest, ethical, political and pedagogical are identified and intervention alternatives proposed in the social and educational fields. The study is based on the theoretical proposal Arendt (1999), Zuleta (2005), Nussbaum (2001, 2010), Habermas (1982, 1987) and Cortina (1997). The methodology of the critical discourse analysis from Chouliaraki (1999), Fairclough - Wodak (2000) and Wodak and Meyer (2003), that relates discourses with social problems, obstacles that have prevented its improvement, this function social practices, possible ways to overcome obstacles and reflection on the analysis. a sample of 53 documents and territoral order was taken from 1991 to 2014. From the study it was possible to establish the tendency of speech to take citizenship from a homogeneous perspective focused on the formation of civic skills and conflict from a instrumentalist perspective which emphasizes the procedural, minimizing ethical and political elements of consensus building from deliberation, recognition and criticism. The study makes a bet by the formation of anactive, plural and diverse citizenship that assumes the conflict in a positive way as an essential element of social interaction.

"This book takes a fresh look at the Korean War by considering the conflict from a Northeast Asian regional perspective. It highlights the connections of the war to earlier conflicts in the region and examines the human impact of the war on neighboring countries, focusing particularly on the ways in which the Korean War shaped regional cross-border movements of people, goods, and ideas (including hopes and fears). It also considers the lasting consequences of these movements for the region's society and politics."--Provided by publisher

Abstract Nearly forty years ago, the publication of 'The Price of Blood' (1968) and 'The Gift Relationship' (1970) added a new dimension of ideological conflict to the debate about the values, ends and means of social policy. The questions that Richard Titmuss posed in 'The Gift Relationship' are still discussed in current debates about the respective merits of unitary and pluralist models of welfare, the egoistic and altruistic motives that underpin them, and the rights and responsibilities intrinsic to the status of citizenship. The ways in which the content and focus of these debates have changed over the past forty years are here reviewed, taking Titmuss's 'The Gift Relationship', my own contributions in 'Social Theory and Social Policy' (1971) and 'The Idea of Welfare' (1979), and Julian Le Grand's 'Motivation, Agency and Public Policy' (2003) as the temporal and salient points of reference. A brief introduction describes how the academic debate became sharply polarized in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and how a key decision about the future development of this journal was taken at the same time.

This article presents the most significant achievements and challenges of a cooperation project implemented between 2014 and 2017 in 12 cities and municipalities of Colombia. The objective of this project was to promote the independence and participation of people with disabilities who were victims of the armed conflict. The lessons learned through the project can be analyzed and considered by governments, decision makers, professionals and other program implementers, to improve policies, programs and projects that support the conditions of this population. The article highlights some relevant aspects of the intervention of occupational therapists in the field of social inclusion of people with disabilities in post-agreement scenarios, derived from the project's experience. ; Este artículo recoge y reflexiona alrededor de los logros y desafíos más significativos de un proyecto de cooperación implementado entre 2014 y 2017 en 12 ciudades y municipios de Colombia, que tuvo por objeto promover la independencia y la participación de personas con discapacidad víctimas del conflicto armado. Estos aprendizajes pueden ser analizados y tenidos en cuenta por gobiernos, tomadores de decisiones, profesionales y otros implementadores de programas para mejorar las políticas, programas y proyectos que favorezcan las condiciones de esta población. Se destacan aspectos relevantes de la participación de terapeutas ocupacionales en el campo de la inclusión social de personas con discapacidad en escenarios de posacuerdo, derivados de la experiencia del proyecto. ; Este artigo reúne as mais significativas realizações e desafios de um projeto de cooperação implementado entre 2014 e 2017 em 12 cidades e municípios da Colômbia. Teve como objetivo promover a independência e a participação de pessoas com deficiência, vítimas do conflito armado. Como lições de aprendizagem, eles podem ser analisados e levados em conta pelo governo, por tomadores de decisões, por profissionais e outros implementadores de programas, para aprimorar políticas ...

At a time when the world is reeling from multiple economic and ecological crises, an international cast of ecologists and gender specialists from the Global North and Global South provide a multidisciplinary perspective on gender, sustainability, and livelihoods. With the 20 year review of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development to be held in Brazil in 2012, this book boldly reclaims the concept of sustainable livelihoods for women. Authors from 10 different countries show how women engage in policy decision on climate change and consumptions, managing solidarity economies, farming, micro credit, value chains, and strategies in post-conflict contexts.

AbstractForced displacement as a consequence of wars, civil conflicts, or natural disasters does not only have contemporaneous consequences but also long‐run repercussions. This eclectic overview summarises some recent research on forced displacement in economic history. While many of the episodes covered refer to Europe, this survey points to literature across all continents. It highlights new developments, and points to gaps in the literature.

Much of the literature on the Niger Delta deals with the Ogoni and Ijaw groups together, as having common lived experiences within a shared geographical location. However, the nature of the leaderships led the two movements to adopt distinct strategies in their struggles against the Nigerian state and multinational oil companies. Successful collective action is often ascribed to effective leadership and to the employment of social identity to drive collective group behaviour. Building on the Comparative Case Studies approach, this article compares the nature of leadership within the two movements, and particularly the choices that led Ogoni leaders to preach nonviolence and Ijaw leaders to advocate violence. The article analyses the role of the leaders in determining the strategies adopted by the movements, and examines the importance of the psychological drivers of the collective narratives developed by the two groups of leaders in accounting for the different trajectories. These issues are investigated within the social and political psychological context utilising three axes of comparison — vertical, horizontal and transversal. Findings suggest that strategic choices are frequently based on charismatic leadership, particularly when group leaders are able to utilise a heightened awareness of identity, and on conscious and unconscious fears linking past and current threats. ; peerReviewed ; publishedVersion

This edited volume draws together a wide range of exciting developments in the study of marital interaction. A significant feature of the book is its focus, not only on conflict and negative interactions but also on the processes by which couples maintain happy and constructive relationships. The chapters review and integrate the extensive literature in this area, as well as presenting important research findings. The contributors come from the disciplines of communication, social psychology and clinical psychology, and have national and international reputations for their work in this area. The findings reflect developments in theory and methodology, and have important implications for those working to strengthen and repair marital relationships