Suchergebnisse

The subject of this research is to develop the major directions of complex socio-ecological-economic development of Moscow based on the best examples of the development of foreign cities. In the context of rapid growth of the metropolis, Moscow faces a number of environmental, infrastructure and other problems requiring complex solutions. Many developed countries have accumulated significant experience in solving typical problems of mega-cities. The analysis of foreign experience has shown that certain positive shifts are only possible with case by case approach. However, sustainable effect can be achieved through long-term strategic planning development of the city from the perspective of the population growth. Problems requiring complex solutions can be divided into three groups: environmental, social, infrastructural. The analysis of foreign experience shows that a successful promotion strategy for city development requires certain prerequisites, such as: 1) coordination between political choice and strategic planning development of the city; 2) stabilization of the population and reduction of its density. The last factor is very important, and here it is impossible to do without some of territorial planning at the Federal level.

The regulatory and legal framework, a review of internationally coordinated standards and recommendations, delicts and responsibilities in the sphere of utilization, recycling and processing of wastes are considered. The ecological and legal issues of utilization and processing waste according to the experience of foreign countries and the European Approach to use of waste were studied. Legal advice on advancing the use of waste in the Republic of Uzbekistan was given.

The author studies environmental insurance in nature management as a lever of management measures to prevent and eliminate environmental pollution by oil products during their transportation and oil fields development. The research aims to develop recommendations for environmental risks insurance in Russian oil and gas industry on the basis of economic and mathematical model that allows to estimate the scale of environmental pollution by oil products. Such methods as system and comparative analysis, expert assessments, forecasting, modeling used in this work helped the author to identify Russian environmental insurance features; to propose a method for solving the problem concerning the lack of statistical data on the frequency and scale of accidents and the environmental damage magnitude by mathematical modeling of the accident, which allows to estimate the radius and depth of the underlying surface pollution. These developments will help insurers to make more adequate insurance premiums and tariffs, as well as to improve the underwriting procedure for unique oil and gas projects. But in order for the obtained achievements to find their application, it is necessary to have legislation obliging oil companies to compensate for environmental damage, and due to the scale of such damage, oil companies will be obliged to insure the relevant risks.

Статья посвящена этимологическому анализу экзоэтнонима «чеченцы», в толковании которого нет единого мнения среди исследователей. Показано, что в основе образования этнонима лежит лексема чачие, которая удачно вписалась в чеченский язык из тюркской языковой среды. В топонимической картине Чечни лексема чачие является ландшафтно-географическим термином, обозначающим некоторые превосходные особенности определенной территории. Появление этого тюркизма в названии долины, а за одно и одноименного поселения, могло произойти, начиная с VII века, т.е. намного раньше, чем известные события XIII-XIVвв., с которыми связывают название села Чечана (Чечен-аул). Культурные контакты народов Северного Кавказа с тюркским миром и странами Востока существовали издавна. Возникновение экзоэтнонима «чеченцы» связывают, как правило, с красноречием, внешней красотой и щегольством чеченцев. Однако, по мнению автора статьи, экзоэтноним «чеченцы» имеет прямое отношение к благоприятной и живописной оазисной долине – чачие – на берегу реки Аргун, и в переводе означает «жители оазиса». Со временем это наименование перешло на весь народ.

The article is about the specifics of a new form of social control - the global social control. The author analyzes the development of global institutions, their formation as subjects of social control. Particular attention is paid to the characteristic of features of global social control in different spheres of social life.

The article analyzes the «active» approach to the description of human potential and the system of readiness of individuals and communities to perform social roles and functions, such as needs and abilities. While human potential is based on» abilities «and abilities are based on» needs», the category of capital is embodied as» choice», that is, the mechanism that manages needs and abilities. Also, when interpreting the socio-economic aspects of human and collective characteristics, the «purchase» function (material wealth, knowledge, social relations, influence) is currently used, which is the basis of their capital needs, and since economic resources, i.e. real estate, stocks, business aspects, etc., have been studied using sociological classifications that embody current trends. The potential unity and integrity of the chosen society or state is formed primarily by its ethnic and national-cultural composition, and the meaning of life is provided. Another important component — the need to maintain professionalism and contributing to the demographic jump, is the «labor» factor. Work is an activity in which individuals and communities create products and services of individual, social significance. In sociology, the sectoral component of human capital is provided by the norms, rules, trust relationships, mutual obligations, responsibility, and solidarity that govern social relations between people. These centers can be called collective unifying forces of human potential and capabilities. In the context of Uzbekistan, this is done by the mahalla system, which is recognized as a self-governing body. The main objectives of the development of the network component of human capital are to maintain and strengthen direct links with the social environment on a positive basis, reduce or eliminate negative aspects, and achieve systematic development of the potential of individuals and communities. Socio-cultural and economic-political changes in society have a unique impact on each person and are reflected in public opinion. Needs and interests lead to the formation of a paternalistic attitude of the state to public opinion, and it largely justifies itself for the implementation of social capital.

The article analyzes the «active» approach to the description of human potential and the system of readiness of individuals and communities to perform social roles and functions, such as needs and abilities. While human potential is based on» abilities «and abilities are based on» needs», the category of capital is embodied as» choice», that is, the mechanism that manages needs and abilities. Also, when interpreting the socio-economic aspects of human and collective characteristics, the «purchase» function (material wealth, knowledge, social relations, infl uence) is currently used, which is the basis of their capital needs, and since economic resources, i.e. real estate, stocks, business aspects, etc., have been studied using sociological classifi cations that embody current trends. The potential unity and integrity of the chosen society or state is formed primarily by its ethnic and national-cultural composition, and the meaning of life is provided. Another important component — the need to maintain professionalism and contributing to the demographic jump, is the «labor» factor. Work is an activity in which individuals and communities create products and services of individual, social significance. In sociology, the sectoral component of human capital is provided by the norms, rules, trust relationships, mutual obligations, responsibility, and solidarity that govern social relations between people. These centers can be called collective unifying forces of human potential and capabilities. In the context of Uzbekistan, this is done by the mahalla system, which is recognized as a self-governing body. The main objectives of the development of the network component of human capital are to maintain and strengthen direct links with the social environment on a positive basis, reduce or eliminate negative aspects, and achieve systematic development of the potential of individuals and communities. Socio-cultural and economic-political changes in society have a unique impact on each person and are reflected in public opinion. Needs and interests lead to the formation of a paternalistic attitude of the state to public opinion, and it largely justifies itself for the implementation of social capital.

The global market economy creates a number of threats to the world community, including in connection with human activities that negatively affect climate change, the state of nature, including flora and fauna, land and water resources, etc. This is also stated in the Report on Global Risks presented at the World Economic Forum in January 2020. In the modern domestic and foreign economic literature, the concepts of sustainable development are developed taking into account environmental constraints, both in theoretical and practical terms, which emphasize the preservation of natural balance, biodiversity, and the formation of an environmentally sustainable society. There are also diverse areas of research on nature management, but they usually focus on applied issues of nature research and the use of its benefits. The authors propose to systematically consider the development of society as anthropogenicoriented, involving three target areas: economic well-being, socio-political wellbeing and environmental well-being. But the implementation of these directions is possible, according to the authors, only under the condition of an adequate legal nature and society of the institutional environment and effective public and state control. The methodological basis of the theory of the formation of the ecologicalsocio-economic type of development is the synthesis of political economy and institutionalism. The empirical basis was the research experience of one of the authors (a Turkish citizen), who has been working for several years on the topic «The political economy of climate change and the environment in Turkey: sustainable development, privatization and energy policy». The article has a theoretical and methodological orientation, suggesting recommendations of a fundamental nature.

The subject of this study is corporate social and environmental responsibility. The object is the assessment of responsibility information disclosure quality based on the methodology developed by the authors and responsibility model. Analysis of the disclosure quality is based on data from public sources — annual nonfinancial reports of companies. This study shows examples of assessment methodology application for six Russian oil and gas companies — «Gazprom Neft», «Lukoil», «Rosneft», «Zarubezhneft», «Surgutneftegaz» and «Novatek» — based on their 2014 annual reports. The purpose of the research is to present a methodology for assessing the information disclosure quality in companies' public sources of information about their social and environmental responsibility practices. The main results of the study is to present the methodology with practical examples of its use. The uniqueness of the study lies in the fact that the methodology is based on indicators of the Model of corporate social and environmental responsibility which is developed by the authors'. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibility to apply the developed methodology for assessing the disclosure quality of social and environmental responsibility for companies from other sectors and based in other countries. Study the disclosure of social and environmental responsibility in the companies' annual reports is part of a larger study of environmental and social responsibility of Russian oil and gas companies that have their projects in the Arctic region.

The most important problem of the modern stage of development of society in national states, including in the Russian Federation, is the problem of social protection of the poorest people and young people in difficult life and economic situations. This problem is raised within the framework of the article.

The article examines the impact of social capital and institutional trust on attitudes towards innovation. On a sample of 6077 respondents representing 10 Russian regions, it was found that social capital and institutional trust positively influence the attitude towards technologies in general. The analysis of a specific technology (automated judicial systems) showed that the relationship can also be reversed: the lower the social capital, the more positively the respondents refer to the introduction of new technology. These results may indicate that in conditions of poor institutional environment and in spheres that require high interpersonal and institutional trust, technologies allowing people to go to depersonalized relationships may be accepted, despite the negative attitude towards technologies in general. The findings allow us to take a fresh look at the prospects of introducing breakthrough technologies depending on the socio-cultural and institutional environment and contribute to the development of research on the impact of socio-cultural factors on the economy.

Considering the questions of Latin-American development, it is necessary to take into account the existing environmental problems of the region. The human impact on the conditions of the environment gave birth to new challenges, initially perceived as a local, which reached to the global level. The so-called «eco-territorial turn» that we can to observe in some Latin American countries has become a reaction to the expansion of the neoextractivism's policy of the authorities, whose support the «consensus of commodities». These trends brought new forms of inequality and potential conflicts to the Latin American society, in our opinion, but not only as a local forms of mentioned problems, but also as a possible ways to resolve them. ; При рассмотрении вопросов развития Латинской Америки необходимо учитывать существующие проблемы окружающей среды, с которыми столкнулся регион. Человеческое воздействие на состояние экологии породило новые угрозы, которые первоначально воспринимаясь как локальные, вышли на глобальный уровень. Так называемый «эко-территориальный сдвиг», который наблюдается в некоторых государствах Латинской Америки стал реакцией на расширение неоэкстрактивистской политики властей, поддерживающих «товарный консенсус». Последний привнёс в латиноамериканское общество новые формы неравенства и потенциальные конфликты. Указанные тенденции, на наш взгляд, являются не только локальными формами накопившихся проблем, но и возможным выходом из сложившейся ситуации.