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World-crowding. By R. Giffen.--Europe in straits. Blackwood's magazine [v. 133, p. 438-450]--Secret societies in France. By Jehan de Paris.--Home rule, socialism, and secession. By J. W. Flanagan.--A democrat on the coming democracy. by H. Labouchere.--A politician in trouble about his soul. By A. Herbert.--The European terror. By E. de Laveleye.--The nationalization of the land. Edinburgh review [v. 157, p. 263-290] ; Mode of access: Internet.

Introduction.--pt. 1. National problems: Bismarckism: the policy of blood and iron. The duty of England. France after war. Léon Gambetta. The making of Italy; Cavour. Garibaldi. Afghanistan. The Anti-aggression league. Egypt. The Boer War. The state of siege. Empire and humanity.--pt. 2. Social problems: The limits of political economy. Trades unionism. Industrial co-operation. Social remedies. Socialist unionism. Moral and religious socialism. ; Mode of access: Internet.

European Social Problems is the first book to examine social issues in Europe from the perspective of the social sciences. It considers many of these social problems following the UK's 'leave' vote. Key topics examined here include: immigration; multiculturalism and religion; health; inequalities; education; riots and protest; drugs and crime; sexuality. These core issues run as a thread through Europe and are experienced by Europeans themselves as social problems. As such, this text facilitates students' direct engagement with some of the problematic constituents in their own lives. This text is suitable for those studying social policy, sociology, politics, international relations, criminology and education studies. In this way it functions as an accessible 'reader' for final year undergraduates as well as postgraduate students.

Attributed to Conference on Social Problems, Toronto, Ont., 1893 --Canadiana 1867-1900. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

treatment of criminals ; Ought the principles of the reformatory system . ; Problem of diminishing prevalent destitution . ; Unemployed poor / W.Tallack--Mind as a social factor / L.F.Ward--Child saving legislation / F.Wayland--Pardoning power / F.Wayland--Education and crime / J.P.Wickersham. ; Dependent and neglected children / L.P.Alden--What social classes owe each other / E.W.Barber--Responsibility of society / J.B.Bettinger--Christianity amongst prisoners / Howard Association--Neglected socialist / F.C.Clark--Address of Cassius Marcellus Clay--Criminal treatment / Howard Association--Suggestions for the more thorough investigation of homes / A.E.Davis--How to restrict immigration / M.H.Du Bois--Asexualization . / O.Everts--Results of labor laws . / F.G.Ewington--Instruction of sociology . / D.Fulcomer--Christian League for promotion of social purity--Plea for the unity of American socialists / G.D.Herron--Moral imbecile / I.N.Kerlin--Marriage and divorce / D.Merriman--Criminology ; Ethics as applied to criminology / A.MacDonald--Address on the conflict . / S.F Miller--Analysis of the vote on prison contract labor / J.S.Perry--Care of children / E.C.Putnam--Catholic child-helping agencies / T.F.Ring--History and basis of the Fabian Society / M.Forster--Industrial and reformatory ; Mode of access: Internet.

The previous soviet contract between the state and the citizen was based on the obligation of the state to provide care for its citizens, but Russian citizens still have their expectations of the state-supported social services. In the sector of welfare services and care, in Russia significant developments have occurred since the late 1980s. Social services and the training of qualified social workers are key elements in these developments. A number of social services, social centers, social work specialists have appeared in the last two decades. Higher education training for social workers is a major contributor to these achievements. According to the current legislation, the recipient of social services in Russia is a person or a family in a difficult life situation, defined as a circumstance that contravenes or may damage the livelihood of a citizen (family) and requires professional support and assistance. ; El anterior contrato soviético entre el estado y el ciudadano, estaba basado en la obligación del estado de prestar atención a sus ciudadanos. Sin embargo, los ciudadanos rusos todavía tienen expectativas de que el estado apoye los servicios sociales. Desde finales de los Ochenta se han producido cambios significativos en el sector de los servicios sociales y la protección social. En esta evolución son elementos clave los servicios sociales y la formación de trabajadores sociales cualificados. En las últimas dos décadas han aparecido servicios sociales, centros sociales y trabajadores sociales especializados. La educación superior de trabajadores sociales es una importante contribución a estos logros. En Rusia, según la legislación vigente, el beneficiario de los servicios sociales es una persona o una familia en dificultad. Esta es definida como una circunstancia que vulnera o puede poner en peligro la subsistencia de un ciudadano (familia) y requiere apoyo y asistencia profesional. ; Il precedente contratto tra lo Stato e il cittadino di epoca sovietica si basava sull'obbligo del primo di fornire cure al secondo. Ancora oggi i cittadini russi si attendono servizi sociali erogati dallo Stato. Dalla fine degli anni Ottanta, nel settore dei servizi di assistenza e cura, si sono registrati sviluppi significativi in Russia. I servizi sociali e la formazione degli assistenti sociali qualificati sono gli elementi chiave dell'attuale nuovo corso. La formazione di livello universitario pure. Il destinatario dei servizi sociali è una persona o una famiglia che vive una situazione difficile, definita come quella circostanza che danneggia o può danneggiare la vita di un cittadino (famiglia) e che richiede supporto e assistenza professionali.

This article focuses on Uruguay in a context of highly publicized external image through its recent former president Jose Mujica. It covers government policies related to the problems that all societies must face, addressing, in particularly, the demographic problem it is experiencing, since it differentiates the country both in a regional and in the entire Latin American context.

The aim of the article is to analyze the activity of the mass media as a subject of the social problem process in order to identify the pecualiarities of the influencing practices of social problem designing in modern Ukraine on the example of the so-called "language problem". First of all, it is a practice that allows you to attract public attention to social problems. This form of media influence on the public is called the practice of setting the agenda. The potential of media influence through the practice of establishing an agenda involves the question of whether to be or not to be a social problem and reveals itself through a few moments: mass media become an important source of information about the existence of a social problem; the media declare the existence of the problem and impose the idea that something should be done with it; by filtering a large number of complex social circumstances, the media focus their attention on a few of them, thus creating an image of their "importance" and "priority" in reality.The practice of priming transfers the emphasis from the very problem to those connotations that stand behind it. Thus, priming as a media practice of challenging complex social circumstances complements the previous practice of setting the agenda and solves the question of whether a social problem willexist or not in such a way that by its being to silence the existence of all other problems, namely: activates certain schemes for assessing the controversial issue; raises the media rank of a specific social problem; sets the standard for assessing the situation around complex social circumstances, in particular, the actions or inactions of politicians; transforms a concrete social problem into a criterion for measuring the effectiveness of the political actors' functioning.Another form of media intervention in the process of social issues is framing. The main elements of the framing practice via the media are two points: narrowing of the problem field, which contributes to the greater probability that the public agenda will reflect the agenda of political elites; promotion of correct interpretations of social problems. ; У статті розглядаються питання, що стосуються методів проектування засобами масової інформації соціальних проблем, а саме практика встановлення порядку денного, праймінгу та практика фреймінгу. Кожна з наведених практик проектування соціальної проблеми розглядається в межах сучасних українських політичних реалій щодо так званої мовної проблеми. Практика впливу на процес складних соціальних обставин дає можливість не лише зафіксувати результат впливу, а й зрозуміти механізм самого впливу, який задіяний у цьому процесі.

The aim of the article is to analyze the activity of the mass media as a subject of the social problem process in order to identify the pecualiarities of the influencing practices of social problem designing in modern Ukraine on the example of the so-called "language problem". First of all, it is a practice that allows you to attract public attention to social problems. This form of media influence on the public is called the practice of setting the agenda. The potential of media influence through the practice of establishing an agenda involves the question of whether to be or not to be a social problem and reveals itself through a few moments: mass media become an important source of information about the existence of a social problem; the media declare the existence of the problem and impose the idea that something should be done with it; by filtering a large number of complex social circumstances, the media focus their attention on a few of them, thus creating an image of their "importance" and "priority" in reality.The practice of priming transfers the emphasis from the very problem to those connotations that stand behind it. Thus, priming as a media practice of challenging complex social circumstances complements the previous practice of setting the agenda and solves the question of whether a social problem willexist or not in such a way that by its being to silence the existence of all other problems, namely: activates certain schemes for assessing the controversial issue; raises the media rank of a specific social problem; sets the standard for assessing the situation around complex social circumstances, in particular, the actions or inactions of politicians; transforms a concrete social problem into a criterion for measuring the effectiveness of the political actors' functioning.Another form of media intervention in the process of social issues is framing. The main elements of the framing practice via the media are two points: narrowing of the problem field, which contributes to the greater probability that the public agenda will reflect the agenda of political elites; promotion of correct interpretations of social problems. ; У статті розглядаються питання, що стосуються методів проектування засобами масової інформації соціальних проблем, а саме практика встановлення порядку денного, праймінгу та практика фреймінгу. Кожна з наведених практик проектування соціальної проблеми розглядається в межах сучасних українських політичних реалій щодо так званої мовної проблеми. Практика впливу на процес складних соціальних обставин дає можливість не лише зафіксувати результат впливу, а й зрозуміти механізм самого впливу, який задіяний у цьому процесі.

Celem jest stworzenie interdyscyplinarnego forum wymiany myśli na temat partnerstwa międzysektorowego na rzecz rozwiązywania problemów społecznych. Problematyka: 1. Współpraca międzysektorowa w procesie integracji społecznej osób: niepełnosprawnych, chorych psychicznie, ubogich, starszych, uzależnionych, doświadczających przemocy, bezdomnych itd. 2. Partnerstwo międzysektorowe na rzecz rozwiązywania problemów rodziny (rodzina w ponowoczesnym społeczeństwie). Współpraca służb socjalnych z instytucjami edukacyjnymi. 3. Partnerstwo międzysektorowe na rzecz rozwiązywania problemów rynku pracy. 4. Formowaniu partnerstwa pomiędzy podmiotami działającymi na rzecz rozwiązywania problemów społecznych. Partnerska rola władz lokalnych, organizacji pozarządowych oraz sektora prywatnego. Uwarunkowanie współpracy międzysektorowej. 5. Formy współpracy międzysektorowej – perspektywy dla organizacji pozarządowych w kontekście ustawy o działalności pożytku publicznego i wolontariacie. Wolontariusz – sprzymierzeniec czy konkurent? Wolontariat biznesu. 6. Współpraca organizacji pozarządowych z sektorem publicznym oraz prywatnym na przykładzie wybranych projektów współfinansowanych ze środków Unii Europejskiej. 7. Trzeci sektor a ekonomia społeczna. Budowanie współpracy na rzecz rozwoju ekonomii społecznej, a także ukazanie dobrych praktyk w obszarze partnerstwa międzysektorowego. Partnerstwa ponadnarodowe. ; In the countries of the European Union, the idea of partnership has a strong relationship with modernising the traditional models of social policy (Księżopolski 1999). A shifting of the traditional model of the welfare state in the direction of a welfare society is taking place. An important aspect, therefore, is the socialisation and enlargement of the range of shared responsibility of particular individuals, their families and the local community, to ensure dignified living conditions and social cohesion. The cooperation of representatives from the various sectors of social and economic life, defined as cross-sectoral partnership, is becoming more and more popular. The initiators of such partnerships are public institutions, NGOs, and businesses that operate at the local, regional, as well as national levels. J. Wygnański emphasised that: The principle of partnership has, from the axiological and political aspect, another much more crucial (and specifically European) root, namely the principle of subsidiarity. This principle has a long-standing European tradition. (.) The principle of subsidiarity denotes the specific "division of labour" between particular communities. It means, that whenever a smaller (more local or generally speaking, grassroots) community is capable of solving a given problem, the community (institution) located "higher" in the hierarchy can and should support that community in its efforts, but it should not, through its own actions, encroach on its territory and thereby (at least indirectly) incapacitate its citizens (Wygnański 2012: 9). Activating cooperation of the greatest number of diverse entities possible creates an opportunity for the permanent realisation of certain public purposes, among which social integration should be primarily mentioned. The international debate on the topic of cross-sectoral partnerships in terms of solving social problems, allowed for the preparation of a monograph, containing the results of research, analysis, and proposals posed by researchers representing several countries: the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, as well as Poland. Šarka Ulčáková joined the discussion concerning understanding the concept of social entrepreneurship in the context of its development in European countries within the past few decades. Beata Szluz has addressed the topic of partnership for combating social exclusion, using the example of social cooperatives operating in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, which are a specific form of social enterprise. Working in a cooperative creates an opportunity for social integration and raising the professional skills of individuals at risk of social exclusion due to unemployment, disability or mental illness, those having problems finding a job, as well as social integration. Katarzyna Błaszczuk revealed good practices which oppose exclusion through the example of entities engaged in social economy activities in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Next, Piotr Frączek and Sylwia Drozd presented the operation of the Centre for Social Integration in Sanok (Subcarpathian Voivodeship), as an example of initiatives aimed at social reintegration. Ester Denihelková noted that the priority of the social economy is the employment of individuals who are socially excluded or those at risk of social exclusion. Chronic unemployment and the need to reduce the national budget deficit are factors that cause difficulties in the fields of social policy and social work. She posed the question, to what extent can the social economy help to solve these problems? The aim of her the article is to present the current state of both the Czech social economy and Czech social enterprises. Vendula Gojová emphasised interaction in the context of interdisciplinary social work and social entrepreneurship, which could support the capacity of civil society. She attempted to answer the question of whether social assistance can use the ideas of social entrepreneurship. Polish accession to the European Union has created new opportunities for economic and social development - stressed Paweł Walawender. Cross-sectoral cooperation takes place in different areas and is also realised by the actions undertaken within the framework of projects financed through European Union Funds. Creating a partnership is a difficult task, as it requires close cooperation with representatives of organisations whose priorities, objectives and methods of operation may vary considerably. The article introduces the concept of cross-sectoral partnerships based on the author's experience with projects implemented in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, the aim of which was to assist individuals at risk of social exclusion. Cultural anthropology and its practical dimension in projects which include cross-sectoral partnership, constitutes the focus of considerations by Mateusz Sikora. Tatiana Matulayová, Ilona Pešatová, and Zdenka Michalová took up a discussion on the issues connected with the possibilities of the development of social work in schools. Maria Shved drew attention to trends in the development of higher education and the growing demands in the preparation of social pedagogues (and social workers). She presented the functioning of graduates in the labour market, referring to their professional competence in light of the analysis conducted by American, German and Ukrainian scientists. Monika Łagowska dealt with the subject of the situation of graduates in the labour market and partnership for solving their problems. According to the author, the completion of education and then entering the labour market is a key step in the life of every young person. Cooperation between the various entities seems to be the key in the context of tackling the issue of unemployment among graduates. Then, Dana Rosová presented the results of research on the meaning of life for the unemployed. She attempted to gather recommendations for social work, bearing in mind that more attention should be paid to the long-term unemployed, in order to encourage them to again take up employment. Jitka Reissmannová presented innovations in the field of education aimed toward the prosocial development of students. She put emphasis on activities connected with education and first aid, and now also for instance, in the prevention of ageing. Marie Chrásková presented the perception of health problems in the community, taking into account the views of Czech and Polish students, and drawing attention to the activities of voluntary work with respect to the sick and disabled. Next, Małgorzata Stępa commented on assistance to the terminally ill and the entities tasked with providing assistance to those individuals and their families. Aleksandra Rachwał illustrated institutional support for families caring for a sick person. She presented the issues of communication, cooperation, promotion and information. She emphasised the need for long-term support for the family of an individual with an oncological disease and (re)building trust toward aid institutions in public life. Michaela Hřivnová and Jana Majerová stressed in their articles that within the framework of cooperation between educational institutions in the Czech Republic, optimal solutions in terms of hazardous or pathological behaviour are being sought. Dana Rosová, Oľga Orosová, and Eva Žiaková presented the results of research into the meaning of life, self-esteem and the social support provided to homeless persons, as well as the degree of satisfaction with the social support provided by different entities. Elżbieta Szczygieł presented the results of research into the phenomenon of homelessness among children and adolescents. She made an attempt to portray the cooperation of entities in combatting this social problem. Consideration was given by Helena Kalábová and Jan Jihlavec to the issue of the importance of family and the home. As the authors depict, the so-called eco-friendly way of life which is often discussed nowadays, can also refer to the family and interpersonal relationships. The cooperation of educational institutions and social institutions in solving the problems of the contemporary family became the focus of Svitlana Kohut. Then, Magda Urbańska outlined the topic of cross-sectoral cooperation in solving the problems of working parents. Voluntary activity is the basis for the establishment and development of civil society. Serhiy Troyan and Paweł Troyan pointed out that in the last 10-15 years, the number of people participating (declaring their participation) in volunteerism in Ukraine has increased significantly, reflecting the increasing role and influence of the voluntary movement in the country. In Ukraine, volunteerism appeared in the early 1990s (in 1993). Its aim was to increase the participation of citizens in voluntary work, with a view to solving specific social problems. Agnieszka Belcer and Anna Wojnarowska postulated development of partnerships and cooperation in order to oppose social exclusion. Partnerships are initiated by companies, NGOs, and public institutions operating at the local, regional, national or global level. Each party brings different experiences and skills, whereby cross-sectoral cooperation can become sustainable, efficient and effective. The authors hope that the book will be of interest to sociologists, social workers, educators, as well as representatives of social services that are undertaking activities in terms of counteracting social problems.

The National Action Plan for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Control and Health Promotion in Pakistan (NAP-NCD) fuses avoidance and control of cardiovascular illnesses (CVD) as a major aspect of a thorough and coordinated non-transferable Disease (NCD) counteractive action exertion. In this program, observation of cardiovascular hazard factors is a piece of an incorporated populace based NCD reconnaissance framework. Psychological warfare has dependably been a mutilating highlight in smooth existence of the states yet to spare numerous from torment some need to give up. . This horrendous issue obliged me to consider its to a great degree reasons that why such savagery is submitted? Why there is no inverse side to counsel for ceasing such heartless acts? What the desires of the aggressors were? Why psychological oppressors assault schools? What sort and energy of reactions is found in the particular circumstance and what remarkable measures state government got a handle on to manage the condition with same debase more reactionary drive and what are the steps taken by the government to overcome this terrorism especially on schools and education system. This study will also expose that how the nuclear weapons effects the health. The need of reconsidering approach structure and territories to be considered is additionally examined. This research writing will inform reader about effects of the Peshawar carnage and efforts of the public along with governing authorities to rectify wreckage to possible extent and safety initiatives and awareness programs for future.

Social work builds its identity on social problems. The goal is to generate knowledge about causes, consequences and solutions. However, there is a lack of theory of social problems. We suggest that research on social problems can benefit by 'bringing the observer in': Loseke's constructionist framework and Luhmann's systems theory. According to Loseke, social problems appear differently when constructed by different observers. Constructions vary in terms of morality, conditions, victims/villains and solutions. From Luhmann we learn that modern society consists of a multitude of social systems (e.g. politics, science, economy etc.), each operating with their own communicative codes. Combining both approaches, we hypothesise that any social system constructs its own (version of) social problems. Illustrating with the empirical case 'suicide among mentally ill people', we examine how a phenomenon is constructed differently as a social problem by four different social systems: the disability movement, politics, medicine and social work.

This study explores living conditions of people in Senegalese fishing communities in relation to environmental change and unregulated fishing by foreign boats, weakening local opportunities and increasing forced migration of youth, creating problems for the future development of local fishery communities. It employs a postcolonial perspective and analyzes data collected through interviews with individuals from Senegalese fishing communities, social workers and relevant documents. The results show local reactions based on alliances between social workers and local community members to overfishing and the need for national and global structural changes. It is argued that EU's fishing agreements with Senegalese government is one of the reasons behind youths' forced migration to EU countries and that the betterment of the living conditions of fishery communities in Senegal requires not only already emerging alliances between social workers and local community members, but also national and global structural changes to protect Africa's fishing communities and local fisheries.

From the Rice Thresher Archive, a collection of newspaper articles published in the student newspaper for Rice University. Genre: News

The purpose of education in Nigeria as in many other developing countries is the preparation of the individual to contribute to the development of the nation and for the transmission of the social and cultural values to new generations. Yet, the Nigerian society has been surrounded by an array of political, economic, and social crises. For this reason, Social Studies is assigned the responsibility to develop in Nigerian youth an understanding of their societal values, knowledge, values, and skills that would enable them to deal with and manage the forces of the world in which they live, and learn how to live harmoniously in the society. This study examines the contents and purposes of the Social Studies education with special reference to its ability to instil high-quality moral values and good character in students and provide them the necessary skills, abilities, and competencies, which individual students require to participate in the development of the nation. It is recommended among others the need for a thorough review of the Social Studies curriculum with emphasis on moral inculcation.