Suchergebnisse

<p>The market for environmentally friendly products in Turkey is growing, and marketing experts are trying to understand the behavior of the consumers in this market with the help of variables such as demographic factors, information, attitudes, values and life styles. This study analyzes the effects of environmental activism, environmental knowledge and the perceived seriousness of environmental problems on green buying behavior. The study involved 516 Turkish consumers, over eighteen years of age. The results show that environmental activism, environmental knowledge and the perceived seriousness of environmental problems are all meaningful factors in environmentally friendly buying behavior. It was found that the most explanatory variables are environmental activism for proactive environmentally friendly buying behavior and the perceived seriousness of environmental problems for optional environmentally friendly buying behavior. The study is significant since it will offer insights for green marketing experts who especially target specific segments as activists, voluntary simplifiers or green consumers in Turkey.</p>

The problems of understanding and managing the cultural diversity on the region level, states and national communities level and even on the individuals level were difficult to be solved today. Therefore it is important to consider the conditions that are necessary and sufficient in order to consolidate communities in the social work that are differrent in cultural orientation.The purpose of the article is to find out the possibilities of consolidation of the ethnic groups and individuals in social work on the principle of multiculturalism. The aim of the article is realized in the following tasks: 1) consider the characteristics of a multicultural societies in a postmodern perspective. 2) to interpret societal foundation of the policy of multiculturalism. The challenge of the multicultural society is the negation of culture hierarchy, the cultural division between center and periphery, the primacy of horizontal connections over the vertical ones. All this brings multiculturalism to the practice of postmodern communities.The principle of a multicultural society is to take ethnic differences to the extent that individuals can identify themselves with the cultural tradition, but only if their identification does not violate the human rights and the laws of the countries. In this regard, there is a problem of societal basis of political practice of multiculturalism. As it is, on the one hand, makes the above horizontal communication of the cultures in a multicultural community, and on the other hand — makes person to overcome the limits of his/her identity and makes person recognize the value of other cultures in own self-realization. The postmodernity project of modern multicultural reality focuses on the harmonization of the concepts of «Self», «Other», «Alien» in the individual and social space and appeals to the idea of cultural dialogue. In these circumstances, the individually multiculturalism is necessary. The individual multiculturalism — is person's ability in the existence process, to create new values and meanings at the crossroads of different cultures. The ethnic identity that was achieved through the ethnic self identity of the individual in the social work, including personally acceptable ethnic traditions, values and meanings of creativity, the empathy and co-working experience as part of a collective subject — the nation. ; Статья посвящена уяснению возможностей консолидации этнических групп и личностей в социальной работе на основе принципа мультикультурализма. Рассмотрены особенности мультикультурных обществ в постмодернистском ракурсе; проинтерпретировано социетальное основание политики мультикультурализма. ; Стаття присвячена з'ясуванню можливостей консолідації етнічних груп та особистостей в соціальній роботі на основі принципу мультикультуралізму. Розглянуті особливості мультикультурних суспільств в постмодерністському ракурсі; проінтерпретоване соцієтальне підґрунтя політики мультикультуралізму.

SUMMARYThis paper examines the problem of selection of variables which are to be considered important when theories or hypotheses concerning social and economic behavior are formulated. It is argued that while considerable precision is utilized in deriving conclusions from economic models, the degree of precision used in selecting the variables included in the model is very much less.The problems involved in constructing a theory of hypothesis building are discussed. The meaning of analyses where 'casual empiricism' has been used to select decision variables is examined and criticized. Possible approaches to the problem of interpretation of analytical results in such cases are outlined.The paper does not contain a proposal for a theory of theory construction, but merely calls attention to some of the problems involved in formulation of hypotheses in positive social sciences such as economics.

Akteure aus dem zivilgesellschaftlichen Bereich nehmen mit innovativen Ideen gesellschaftsrelevante Probleme in Angriff. Diese bemühen sich Alternativen zum vorherrschenden System bereitzustellen, deren Aktivität umfasst jedoch ein breites Handlungsspektrum, von bloßen Forderungen bis hin zur konkreten Schaffung von Alternativen. Beispiel für Letzteres ist die Transition Town Bewegung, die sich dem Aufbau nachhaltiger Wirtschaftsstrukturen widmet. Der Akteur namens Zivilgesellschaft ist jedoch keinesfalls einheitlich aufzufassen, weder das Motiv des Auftretens, noch die Erscheinungsformen und Strategien. Erstens wird das Konzept der Zivilgesellschaft theoretisch aufgearbeitet. Zweitens dient das Grazer Modell zur Bewertung und Entwicklung für nachhaltige Entwicklungsprozesse als Analysewerkzeug, um Strategien der Transition Town Bewegung zu evaluieren. Ausgangspunkt ist eine Charakterisierung der modernen Gesellschaft. Menschen innerhalb nationalstaatlicher Grenzen stehen im Kontext der Globalisierung fundamentalen Herausforderungen gegenüber. Zivilgesellschaft lässt sich nicht einheitlich definieren, wohl aber gelten die gemeinsamen Werte als typisches Merkmal. Im Staat und in der Demokratie als politische Organisationsformen lassen sich die Wurzeln der Zivilgesellschaft als handelnder Akteur finden. Der Markt gilt dabei als ordnendes Prinzip, und kann nicht entkoppelt von der Zivilgesellschaft angesehen werden. Soziale Bewegungen stellen die tatsächliche Erscheinungsform der Zivilgesellschaft dar. Die Untersuchung fünf aktiver Bewegungen rundet die theoretische Annäherung ab und leitet zur praktisch-methodischen Evaluierung von Strategien der Transition Town Bewegung im Kontext von fünf bestimmten Prinzipien über. Eine geteilte Vision, ausgeprägte Netzwerkstrukturen, aktive Partizipation und gemeinsames Lernen innerhalb sozialer Bewegungen erhöht die Möglichkeit soziale Kohäsion zu generieren um Wandel in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit hervorzubringen ; Members of the civil society are challenged to solve prevailing social problems with innovative ideas and concepts. They try to provide alternatives to the current social system, their activities cover a wide range of different actions: A range from organized search for alternatives up to concrete creations of applicable ideas. An example for the latter is the Transition Town Movement, dedicating its efforts to build sustainable economic and social structures. The problem is, that civil society is not homogeneous, neither its motives for taking action, nor the staging and their strategies. The goal is firstly, to investigate the concept of civil society, its motivation for its active role as problem-solver. Secondly, the Graz Model for Integrative Change Processes is applied as a methodological instrument to evaluate strategies of the Transition Town Movement, using a case study approach. Starting point is a characterization of the modern society. People within national states are, due to effects of globalization, affected by fundamental challenges. Civil society cannot be defined in a uniform way, but actual challenges need more solidarity. In National States with a democratic political system, the idea of an active civil society is founded. Market forces are driven by regulatory principles, and cannot be separated from the civil society. Social movements are the relevant actors of the civil society. Investigating five active civil society organizations is the empirical research part and closes the theoretical approach. It leads to the evaluation of strategies of the Transition Town Movement, in terms of five basic principles. A shared vision, distinct network structures, an active participation as well as integration of education and research within social movements contribute to the potentiality to generate social cohesion and enlarge the chance of change towards sustainability. ; vorgelegt von Stefan Silly ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in engl. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2011 ; (VLID)217312

In the post-socialist countries, the subject of consumption has not received sufficient attention from the perspective of Consumer Culture Theory. The opinion has long prevailed among the majority of social scientists from this region that consumer society and consumptive behaviour is a socially destructive phenomenon and one of the main causes of problems in contemporary society. This impression has prevented them from scrutinizing the symbolic dimension of consumption and led them to a crit...

As child sexual exploitation (CSE) has risen towards the top of the UK's political agenda, the concept of vulnerability has become a central frame through which to understand and address the issue. This article analyses problems with the concept of vulnerability as it is commonly understood in relation to CSE, taking first steps towards developing an empirically-grounded account of the notion which is more sensitive to the lived realities of victimhood for sexually exploited young people. Drawing on data from participatory qualitative research into life stories of 'moving on' from CSE in a large Northern city in England, the article illustrates how vulnerability is shaped through individual factors, situational dynamics and structural forces, connected by human agency through time. It argues that to respond effectively to vulnerability within the field of CSE, we need to move beyond discussion of 'risk factors' and denial of agency, towards an understanding of intersectional social divisions, social marginality, 'critical moments' and how these shape the investments and actions of vulnerable young people.

Recent theories of the state often draw attention to states' autonomy from social preferences. This paper suggests that the phenomenon of public ignorance is the primary mechanism responsible for state autonomy in democratic polities. Such theorists as Skocpol & Poulantzus, who do not take account of public ignorance, either underestimate the state's autonomy or stress causal mechanisms that are necessary but not sufficient conditions for its autonomy. Gramsci's concept of ideological hegemony is promising, even though it is far too insistent on the penetration of ideology of any kind beyond relatively small numbers of political sophisticates. 69 References. Adapted from the source document.

The Weberian idea that legitimacy fortifies power & the Marxist theory of "false consciousness" are examined in an effort to prove that the perceptions of social actors sustain relations of domination. The chapter begins by analyzing the concept of power as a scalar occurrence & theorizing on the ideas of agency & structure. It then examines the concepts of "false consciousness" & legitimacy, arguing that a new kind of legitimate domination has emerged -- one that seems to be replacing the position of domination formerly held by legal & bureaucratic agencies. Hence, Marxism has not been rejected; it has simply been expanded upon. K. A. Larsen

Waste problems that occur in large urban communities, such as the city of Bandung, need to be taken seriously because waste problems are not only a problem of cleanliness and the environment, but can also be a conflict of social problems in the community. The family as the smallest community in the community structure is the source of the waste problem itself with the largest contribution to piles of waste originating from household waste. The Bandung city government has launched the Kang PisMan movement as a flagship program in alternative waste management in the city of Bandung as an effort to make Bandung a waste-free area. The purpose of this research is to study the extent to which the Kang PisMan movement as a Bandung city government program has been recognized by the community and can be an alternative environmental education in the family that can contribute to waste management, especially in the city of Bandung. The research method used is quantitative and qualitative methods through surveys, interviews, and direct observation. The results of this study are expected to build public awareness of the importance of environmental education starting with the family, one of which is by supporting the Kang PisMan movement. AbstrakPermasalahan sampah yang terjadi pada masyarakat kota besar, seperti kota Bandung perlu ditangani secara serius karena permasalahan sampah bukan hanya menjadi permasalahan kebersihan dan lingkungan hidup, namun juga bisa menjadi konflik permasalahan sosial di masyarakat. Keluarga sebagai komunitas terkecil dalam tatanan masyarakat adalah sumber dari permasalahan sampah itu sendiri dengan adanya kontribusi terbesar pada timbunan sampahoyang bersumberidari sampahirumah tangga. Pemerintah kota Bandung mencanangkan gerakan Kang PisMan sebagai program unggulan dalam altenatif penanganan sampah di kota Bandung sebagai upaya mewujudkan kota Bandung sebagai kawasan bebas sampah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui sejauh mana gerakan Kang PisMan sebagai program pemerintah kota Bandung telah diketahui oleh masyarakat dan bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif pendidikan lingkungan hidup dalam keluarga yang bisa memberikan kontribusi pada pengelolaan sampah, khususnya di kotaiBandung. Metodeipenelitian yangidigunakan adalahimetode kuantitatif dan kualitatif melalui survei, wawancara, dan observasi langsung. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membangun kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya pendidikan lingkungan hidup yang dimulai dari keluarga, salah satunya adalah dengan mendukung gerakan Kang PisMan.

Purpose of the studyIrregular FUP/ADH were associated with higher mortality and resource use [1]. SEAD was a multidimensional intervention project, designed from the patient's perspective, to specifically attend patients with poor FUP/ADH in an HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic.MethodsFrom Jan 2006 to May 2010, patients with poor FUP/ADH were offered SEAD inclusion, all were evaluated by a nurse or a psychologist (adherence collaborators) who assessed all the reasons and barriers precluding a correct FUP/ADH. For each identified problem, different interventions were planned, using our own resources or coordinating others. Follow‐up was censored in Nov 2011. Time to death after being admitted to SEAD and the effect of SEAD program intervention were assessed with Kaplan‐Meier curves, log‐Rank test and a Cox regression model.Summary of resultsOverall, 215 patients were assessed: mean age 45 years, 24% women, IDU 75%, with baseline ADH >90% in only 23%; median HIV‐RNA and CD4 cell count were 377 copies/ml and 326 cell/mcL. Patients entered in SEAD due to poor ADH in 17%, FUP problems in 23%, and both 60%. Main reasons driving poor FUP/ADH were severe bio‐psycho‐social problems 28%, severe drug and/or alcohol abuse 26%, logistic problems 18%, other psychiatric disorders 13%, oversights 9%, unknown 4% and antiretroviral intolerance 2%. Only 54% of patients received;>50% of planned interventions, due to population complexity. Cocaine/heroin and alcohol abuse were reported by 34% and 17% respectively. Afer a median follow‐up of 3.7 [3.31–4.4] years 193 patients received a mean of 8 (2.5–12) interventions/year, achieving virological control in 64%. Probability of survival was 92%, 89% and 86% after 1, 2 and 3 years respectively. In Cox regression model an intervention of SEAD project higher than 50% of planned was an independent predictor of survival HR 0.336 (95% CI 0.156–0.725); p=0.005, after adjusting for age, alcohol or cocaine abuse, psychological attention, degree of adherence and follow‐up, intravenous acquisition of HIV, and family support. Alcohol and cocaine abuse were associated with higher mortality HR 2.964 (95% CI 1.378–6.374); p=0.005 and HR 2.444 (95% CI 1.161–5.145); p=0.019.ConclusionsBeing admitted to SEAD intervention project and receiving more than 50% of planned interventions increased survival expectancy.

Noting that Marxist & elite paradigms birthed competing theories on social & political change & that the differential development of these theories depends less on evidence than on ideological leanings, the epilogue to a collection of essays on postsocialist elites compares these paradigms in terms of their polarity in the 20th century. Although fading by the end of the 19th century, Marxism saw renewed vitality as it was embraced as a theoretical & ideological tool of radical & reformist leaders of the European Left. Elite theory's decline is attributed less to a lack of its plausibility than to a lack of ties to organized political forces. However, Marxism's emergence as a major global intellectual & political movement had a concomitant destructive impact on its explanatory power. By the end of the 20th century, Marxist theory comprised many dissipating streams. The decline of elite theory is delineated, noting that its tenets remained intact despite its unpopularity among activists & intellectuals. The negative effect of fascism -- ie, the dubious notion that elite theory leads to fascism -- is noted, along with the idea that a combination of socioeconomic & sociocultural factors further eclipsed elite theory's development & popularity. Latter-20th-century elite theory lacked urgency in discussions on Western democracies & non-Western developing countries. However, three trends led to the reinvigoration of elite theory: economic advances of Japan & the Asian tigers, state socialism in Eastern Europe, & the elite-driven Soviet collapse. Thus, political developments driving the revival of elite theory include the centrality of elite choices & actions guiding these changes; & the theoretical developments include the exhaustion of Marxist theory's credibility & the reformulation of elite-centered democratic theory. Five suppositions underlying the analyses of contributions are delineated. 56 References. J. Zendejas

Zusammenfassung
Anhand von Daten des DJI-Familiensurveys wird das Verhältnis von Hilfebedarf und Inanspruchnahme sozialstaatlicher Leistungen untersucht. Die Frage dabei ist, ob die Menschen Hilfe bekommen, die Hilfe brauchen. Die Ergebnisse geigen, dass es Familien mit niedrigen Einkommen schwerer fällt, bei Problemen Unterstützungsangebote nutzen und entsprechend seltener nehmen sie diese wahr. Dies gilt auch für informelle Unterstützung durch Familienmitglieder und in der Tendenz auch bei Freunden. Es gibt also empirische Hinweise darauf, dass Familien, die sich in einer Lebenssituation mit eher weniger Ressourcen befinden, größere Schwierigkeiten haben, Zugang zu entsprechenden Hilfen finden. Es zeigt sich aber auch, dass der soziale Gradient je nach helfender Instanz differiert.

Despite the importance of many social institutions developed by society and the state related to upbringing and education, the family, like no other institution, undertakes the natural, natural and social mission of forming the personality of its child, its children, capable of becoming an active member of society and a citizen of their state in less than two decades of human life and state development. It is necessary to emphasize the special importance and significance of the family not only for society, but also for the state. This article examines the dynamics of marriage and divorce in Russia in various periods of its historical development, from 1950 to 2022 inclusive. The article shows the transformation of public relations in the formation of family and marriage relations over the past thirty years in Russia and the modern efforts of the state to increase the value of registered marriage as the basis of modern family and demographic policy. The modern trends and tendencies of legislative consolidation of the norms of encouragement of Russian families who have been married for a long time are shown. The study uses statistical data, visualized information, scientific articles by Russian researchers on topical issues and problems of family and demographic policy in Russia, media materials, speeches by Russian politicians and statesmen.

Con las crecientes amenazas que representa el cambio climático, la preservación del medio ambiente debe abordarse con urgencia. El crecimiento económico y la creciente demanda de energía han estado presionando al gobierno brasileño para expandir la generación de energía. La construcción de la represa Belo Monte promete resolver el problema. Sin embargo, la represa ha causado gran impacto ambiental y ha dañado socialmente los medios de subsistencia de las poblaciones locales, lo que la ha llevado a involucrarse en las luchas por sus derechos. MAB es el cuerpo representativo de esta población y ha presentado la nueva agenda de los derechos de la tercera generación. Con los años, el movimiento se ha convertido en una organización nacional, pero aún no ha podido aplicar políticas para proteger los derechos de las personas afectadas por la represa. Desde el comienzo de la construcción, comunidades enteras han sido desplazadas, mientras que un enorme contingente de trabajadores se ha trasladado al área. Como resultado, ha habido un aumento de los problemas sociales como el abuso de drogas, la prostitución, violencia, etc. en la periferia urbana alrededor de la represa. Sin mucha gobernabilidad, estos problemas se han convertido en una amenaza para los derechos humanos. ; With the increasing threats that climate change represents, environmental preservation needs to be urgently addressed. Economic growth and increasing energy demand have been pushing the Brazilian government to expand energy generation. The construction of the Belo Monte Dam in the Amazon promises to solve the problem. Nevertheless, the dam has caused great environmental and social impact and harmed local people livelihood which has made them engage in the struggles for their rights. MAB is the representative body of this population and has put forward the new agenda of third-generation rights. Over the years, the movement has grown into a national organization but still has not been able to enforce policies to protect the rights of dam-affected people. Since the beginning of the construction of the dam in 2011, entire communities have been displaced while an enormous contingent of workers and immigrants have moved to the area. As a result, there has been an increase in social problems, such as unemployment, drug abuse, prostitution, etc., in the urban periphery around the dam site. Without much governance, these problems together with high violence rates have become a threat to human rights.

Статья фокусируется на рассмотрении участия электронных СМИ в процессе воспроизводства расизма и конструировании биполярной «черно-белой» реальности. В России и других странах, таких, как США, существуют проблемы, связанные с двумя основными видами расизма: прямым и институционализированным, которые, будучи глубоко укорененными, основаны на страхе, предрассудках и чувстве расового превосходства. Масс-медиа трактуют некоторые события в целенаправленно дискурсивном ключе. Публикации заостряют общественное внимание на участниках конфликта, относящихся к этническим меньшинствам, характеризуя их как угрожающие и девиантные. Когда СМИ делают это, возникает впечатление, что эта девиантность существует независимо от экономических, политических, социальных проблем. В статье представлено сходство двух крупных конфликтов: беспорядков в городе Фергюсон и на Манежной площади, и в результате анализа стало очевидно, что каждая сторона считает виноватой другую. Медиа репрезентируют эти позиции. Социальная реальность объективна, однако СМИ формируют свою собственную картину мира, которая с большой степенью вероятности отражает чьи-то интересы: партий, лобби, отдельных лиц и групп. Расизм пронизывает все наши социальные поры. В настоящее время «расизм без расистов» это особая «заноза» в теле нашего общества, он подразумевает непрямую дискриминацию, к примеру, работодатель может найти много юридически обоснованных доводов не принять на работу представителя какой-то определенной национальности. ; This article focuses on the media participation in the racism reproduction process and construction of bipolar «black-white» reality. There are problems in Russia and other countries like USA with two main kinds of racism: straight and institutionalized, deeply rooting that based on fear, prejudices and feeling of racial superiority. Media treat some events in racism discourse way of thinking purposefully. Publications accentuate public attention on ethnicity of conflict participants which apply to ethnic minority groups and characterize them only as threatening and deviant persons. When media make this, an impression will arise that this deviance exists independently from economical, political, social problems. Review of Ferguson's and Manejnaya square's riots demonstrates that each side of conflict think that all guilty lay on its opposite side and media totally represent this point of view. Social reality is objective, but media form their own reality that reflect someone's interests, for example, interests of parties, lobbies, individuals, groups and so on. Racism permeates all our social pores. Currently «racism without racists» is a special thorn in our society's body and it implies an indirect discrimination, for instance, employer can find many legally justifie d reasons for not to hire a member of certain nationality.