Suchergebnisse

Purpose: To summarize, organize, and clarify the available scientific literature, theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of social identity with the sociopsychological and sociological positions. Methodology: a theoretical analysis of scientific sources. Scope of the results: Identified in the theoretical analysis of the sociopsychological interpretation of the phenomenon of social identity: its structure, and specific types of manifestations, may be useful in explaining the many problems in the life of the individual groups and teams, in general, the social environment, which traditionally are in the field of view sociology.

The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of specialists in the field of social sciences to a unique collection of documents at Moscow's Institute of social psychology (1917–1924) created by V.M. Khvostov — a legislative science expert, philosopher, sociologist, who set himself the task of separating sociology and making it a specialized scientific discipline. The only work to date devoted to the Institute was an article written by its employee L.A. Byzov in 1923 (published in 2011), where he speaks about the history of the Institute, its development, achievements and failures from the point of view of a person who knows the situation from the inside. This makes it invaluable in terms of studying the history of the Institute of social psychology, in this work in particular, which provides more detailed information about the activities of V.M. Khvostov, the Institute's employees and specialists involved in its work. These people were actually performing a scientific feat, creating a new direction in the field of social sciences, working in the extremely difficult conditions of the post-revolutionary era. The content and completeness of those of the Institute's protocols which found their way into our hands, them currently being stored in the archives of the European University in St. Petersburg, are worthy of a full-fledged scientific publication that could write another page in the history of Russian sociology.

There is analyzing of specific of social-psychological adaptation person by model of adaptation. Structure model of adaptation of women of our age group, which was named "adaptation complex" was made by theoretic analyzes of problem of adaptation adult.

Purpose of study is to analyze guidelines of self-understanding in psychology and substantiate classification of tendency investigation this phenomenon. Results of analyze guidelines of self-understanding are presented in article; author describe three guidelines of self-understanding: cognitive, narrative and existential. Cognitive traditions study of self-understanding is realized in developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, behavior approach, psychology of intellect. Narrative traditions study of self-understanding is fulfilled in narrative psychology and study of autobiographical memory. Existential traditions study of selfunderstanding is implemented in existential psychology, phenomenological- hermeneutical approach, sentiment theory of personality. Author substantiate view, that psychology of human being synthesize of all available scientific traditions study of self-understanding.

The article presents political-psychological approach to understanding youth political leadership. This approach has complex character and allows to implement interdisciplinary synthesis of the provisions of different branches of social sciences and humanities to study the considered phenomenon in the framework of political science subject field. We highlight such basic parameters to determine youth political leaders as origin from the sphere of youth policy, young people's perception of such leaders as their own representatives, promotion of the career ladder in public policy and public administration. This study identifies and conceptually substantiates three dimensions of youth political leadership: personal-professional, status-role, image-symbolic. The article considers personal qualities and professional characteristics which are necessary for youth political leaders, status-role positions in the system of power hierarchy, career trajectories and political recruiting specificity, the features of youth political leaders' image shaping in the consciousness of youth.

The purpose of the study is to consider the reasons for the formation of the problematic direction of information and psychological security in psychology and its impact on the development of scientific knowledge. The main research method used is the theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the problem of information and psychological security. It was found that the subject area of information and psychological security is determined by a complex of practical and theoretical reasons: the practical reasons are the loss of ideological guidelines by the country's population, lack of immunity to unverified information, vulnerability to media manipulation, information stress, and the need for "light" information; the theoretical reasons — studies into the philosophy of life, the sociology of life, cognitive social psychology, military, political and technical sciences. The interdisciplinarity of the subject area of information and psychological security is established at the external and internal levels: the external level is indicated by the existence of a technical and psychological direction for the study of information and psychological security; the internal level — by a borderline character with security psychology and a number of branches of psychological science. The prospects for the development of the subject area of information and psychological security are justified by the novelty of its problems, the breadth of the causal field and the level nature of development. ; Целью исследования выступило рассмотрение причин оформления в психологии проблемного направления информационно-психологической безопасности и его влияния на развитие научного знания. В качестве основного исследовательского метода использован теоретический анализ научных источников по проблеме информационно-психологической безопасности. Установлено, что предметное направление информационно-психологической безопасности детерминируется комплексом практических и теоретических причин: практические — утрата населением страны мировоззренческих ориентиров, несформированность иммунитета к непроверенным сведениям, незащищенность от манипулирования СМИ, информационный стресс, потребность в «светлой» информации; теоретические — исследования по философии жизни, социологии жизни, когнитивной социальной психологии, военной, политической и технической наукам. Междисциплинарность предметного направления информационно-психологической безопасности установлена на внешнем и внутреннем уровнях: внешний уровень обозначен существованием технического и психологического направления изучения информационно-психологической безопасности; внутренний уровень — пограничным характером с психологией безопасности и рядом отраслей психологической науки. Перспективность развития предметного направления информационно-психологической безопасности обоснована новизной его проблематики, широтой причинного поля и уровневым характером развития.

Given article is devoted the analysis of social representations of young men about man's roles. On sample of Russian and Byelorussians (334 persons) by means of a scale of cultural values (G.Hofstede) and the modified variant of a technique «Semantic differential» directed on studying of representations of young men about traditional man's roles (the getter, the defender, the professional figure, the head of the family, the husband, the father), social representations about man's roles depending on psychological measurements of culture on G.Hovstede are considered. As a result the personal characteristics attributed traditional man's roles in Russian and Belarus cultures are allocated. Are revealed as cultural – specific, and the general social representations of Russian and Byelorussians about the maintenance of man's roles. The received results can be used at carrying out of psychotherapy and the personal consultations connected with questions of mutual relation of floors, gender and family conflicts, crises masculinity, and as for working out training programs in the field of intercultural interaction.

The article considers the review of village evolution research tendencies. The analysis of research devoted to villagers' psychology study, integrated psychological characteristics of villagers and the factors which influence upon transformation mechanisms of "villagers' consciousness" are presented.

Purpose: to search the peculiarities of forming of attitude about tolerant
behavior in society.
Methodology: system method, method of the comparative analysis, method of
the etymological analysis, general scientific methods (the analysis and synthesis, an
induction and deduction).
Results: The article is devoted to the phenomenon "tolerance" in the modern
changing society. The urgency of the theme of research is proved, тhe semantic field
problem of the "tolerance" notion is considered, structure of tolerance is investigated,
conditions of forming of tolerant consciousness and behavior in society are
formulated.
Practical implications: The results of investigation can be used in making
studying programs of new generation in intercultural communication for schools,
colleges and universities and are included in course of social philosophy, psychology,
ethics, sociology, intercultural communication, politology.

It is impossible to imagine a modern world without conflicts. Struggle occurs every day between people for the possession of any good. Conflicts occur in different social strata and between people of different ages and different sexes. But what is conflict? And why are they constantly, even when we do not notice it? How to resolve the conflict in your favor or at least without losses?