Life and responsibility in European education
In: European dimension in education and teaching Vol. 5
In: European dimension in education and teaching Vol. 5
The aim of this study was to present private and official codifications concerning the topic of responsibility of international organizations. Moreover, it highlighted some controversial issues which occurred during the work of International Law Commission (ILC). The topic of responsibility of international organizations was analyzed both by private bodies such as Institute de Droit International and International Law Association and – as mentioned above – ILC. The efforts of Institute de Droit International resulted in a resolution on The Legal Consequences for Member States of the Non-fulfilment by International Organizations of their Obligations toward Third Parties. While in 1996 International Law Association studied these topics, a Committee on the Accountability of International Organizations was established. These private drafts paid attention of ILC to some legal issues which helped ILC to identify problems which require further discussion. After completion of its work on State responsibility in 2001, ILC decided to include the topic Responsibility of International Organizations in its work program. Mr G. Gaja was appointed the Special Rapporteur and in years 2003-2011 he presented eight reports which took into account the comments and observations received from governments and international organizations. In his reports he largely followed the model of Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts. In 2011 the Commission adopted the draft of 67 articles on Responsibility of International Organizations, divided into six parts. The Draft Articles aimed at codification of a set of secondary rules applicable to a wide range of international organizations. The codifications of rules on the responsibility of international organizations was a very difficult task due to diversity of international organizations, which differ in size, functions and competence. Furthermore, there is a lack of relevant practice that would allow to elaborate the principles relating to responsibility of international organizations. Nonetheless, the responsibility for international wrongful acts is the most important institution of international law irrespective of the subject which committed a wrongful act. ; Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polskim
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We analyze the system of organization of science and its change in Poland in the last quarter century, in the context of parallel changes in the world. Based on our experience at the International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, but also thanks to good models from other institutions in Poland and abroad, we present our thoughts on the question of how to develop science in Poland. We think that in order to improve the system of science organization in our country and quickly achieve a positive effect, we must use proven models from other countries and positive examples of our own Polish successes. The implementation of these tasks requires courageous political decisions that will provide the scientists with the freedom necessary to work effectively, but will also bind this freedom with responsibility. Thanks to people, who take up this responsibility and take full advantage of the opportunities offered, Poland will have a chance for rapid civilization progress. Investments in science are crucial to the development of each country. ; Analizujemy system organizacji nauki i jego zmiany w Polsce w ostatnim ćwierćwieczu, w kontekście zmian równolegle zachodzących na świecie. W oparciu o nasze doświadczenia z pracy w Międzynarodowym Instytucie Biologii Molekularnej i Komórkowej w Warszawie, ale także dzięki dobrym wzorcom z innych instytucji w Polsce i za granicą, przedstawiamy nasze przemyślenia w odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak rozwijać naukę w Polsce. Uważamy, że aby usprawnić system organizacji nauki w naszym kraju i szybko osiągnąć pozytywny efekt, należy skorzystać ze sprawdzonych wzorów z innych krajów oraz pozytywnych przykładów własnych polskich sukcesów. Realizacja tych zadań wymaga odważnych decyzji politycznych, które zapewnią naukowcom niezbędną do efektywnej pracy wolność, ale także powiążą tę wolność z odpowiedzialnością. Dzięki ludziom, którzy się tego podejmą i odpowiedzialnie wykorzystają oferowane możliwości, Polska będzie miała szansę na szybki postęp cywilizacyjny. Inwestycje w naukę są kluczowe dla rozwoju każdego kraju.
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ISSN: 0137-4176
ISSN: 0137-4176
In the Europe of the European Union, policies and programmes on the social inclusion of millions of Euros have been presented for years in different countries, with a greater concentration in the countries of the South and neighbouring countries. This issue is of concern to state, regional and also local governments. The strategies proposed are also multilevel. It is the latter that have the most complicated role since they are the ones that are closest to the problem. For this last level of public administration, the main obstacle is the lack of resources, becoming clearly dependent on European, national and autonomous funds. The analysis of the plans guides us as to which aspects are the most important. This is the case of Barcelona, because it is an example of inclusive support measures and teamwork on a European and international scale. A theoretical model derived from the analysis of the theory and the results of the application of the different social policies of inclusion through training is presented, in which the leader has a determining role and a new actor is incorporated into the traditional models. ; In the Europe of the European Union, policies and programmes on the social inclusion of millions of Euros have been presented for years in different countries, with a greater concentration in the countries of the South and neighbouring countries. This issue is of concern to state, regional and also local governments. The strategies proposed are also multilevel. It is the latter that have the most complicated role since they are the ones that are closest to the problem. For this last level of public administration, the main obstacle is the lack of resources, becoming clearly dependent on European, national and autonomous funds. The analysis of the plans guides us as to which aspects are the most important. This is the case of Barcelona, because it is an example of inclusive support measures and teamwork on a European and international scale. A theoretical model derived from the analysis of the theory and the results of the application of the different social policies of inclusion through training is presented, in which the leader has a determining role and a new actor is incorporated into the traditional models.
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In the Europe of the European Union, policies and programmes on the social inclusion of millions of Euros have been presented for years in different countries, with a greater concentration in the countries of the South and neighbouring countries. This issue is of concern to state, regional and also local governments. The strategies proposed are also multilevel. It is the latter that have the most complicated role since they are the ones that are closest to the problem. For this last level of public administration, the main obstacle is the lack of resources, becoming clearly dependent on European, national and autonomous funds. The analysis of the plans guides us as to which aspects are the most important. This is the case of Barcelona, because it is an example of inclusive support measures and teamwork on a European and international scale. A theoretical model derived from the analysis of the theory and the results of the application of the different social policies of inclusion through training is presented, in which the leader has a determining role and a new actor is incorporated into the traditional models. ; In the Europe of the European Union, policies and programmes on the social inclusion of millions of Euros have been presented for years in different countries, with a greater concentration in the countries of the South and neighbouring countries. This issue is of concern to state, regional and also local governments. The strategies proposed are also multilevel. It is the latter that have the most complicated role since they are the ones that are closest to the problem. For this last level of public administration, the main obstacle is the lack of resources, becoming clearly dependent on European, national and autonomous funds. The analysis of the plans guides us as to which aspects are the most important. This is the case of Barcelona, because it is an example of inclusive support measures and teamwork on a European and international scale. A theoretical model derived from the analysis of the theory and the results of the application of the different social policies of inclusion through training is presented, in which the leader has a determining role and a new actor is incorporated into the traditional models.
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