National audience ; Cet article étudie, dans les deux romans de la romancière estonienne Viivi Luik, les distorsions subjectives dans la représentation de l'histoire politique ou sociale, c'est-à-dire les distorsions créées par l'emploi de la focalisation interne, qui implique une sélection de l'information, une « restriction de champ », mais aussi les déformations imputables à la personnalité particulière des protagonistes, sujets naïfs dépourvus de conscience historique ou politique et incapables de saisir pleinement le sens de ce qui se déroule autour d'eux. De ce fait, leur perception de l'histoire est médiatisée par des objets ou par des formes linguistiques : ils perçoivent les réalités historiques ou politiques non pas directement, mais à travers leurs manifestations matérielles ou verbales, et sans avoir une claire conscience de la signification de ces « traces », dont la fonction semble être surtout d'alimenter l'activité herméneutique du lecteur. Cette ignorance des personnages les immunise contre le tragique de l'histoire : leur légèreté et leur insouciance contrastent fortement avec la toile de fond historique qui évoque des événements très sombres. L'emploi abondant de procédés narratifs consistant à mêler les niveaux temporels, à passer de l'un à l'autre en avançant ou en reculant dans le temps, véhicule l'idée originale et paradoxale d'un panchronisme de l'Histoire, une coexistence des époques qui s'opère dans la subjectivité, grâce au « pointillé lumineux de la mémoire », selon les termes mêmes de l'auteur. Ces personnages et ces procédés sont un moyen pour l'auteur d'exprimer une conception subjectiviste de l'Histoire, d'affirmer que l'Histoire n'a pas d'existence en soi, mais n'existe qu'à travers les expériences individuelles et subjectives, et que la subjectivité est le lieu où s'abolit sa dimension tragique, où l'on peut surmonter le temps grâce à la mémoire et surmonter l'Histoire grâce à légèreté et à la joie.
International audience ; The popularity of labels as tools of government is growing in many policy areas. This working paper focuses on the creation and the implementation of three different public labels in the public health field. Granted by the States or other public authorities, those labels reward distinctively organizations for their contribution to a public cause. Governance by labels relies on the mechanisms of market competition and of social distinction at play within a field, to orient actors towards opinions that governments consider to be in the public interest. This working paper nevertheless shows the difficulties to implement effectively that kind of soft policy tools: for them to affect firms and consumers' behaviours, they have to integrate many conflicting objectives and interests at the same time, which is rarely the case. We actually show, in our three case studies, that governing the market through labels implies governing the labels themselves, by carefully selecting their grantee, promoting them to both consumers and companies, and struggling against other challenger labels or market intermediaries. It is not an uncommon paradox that these labels that are entrusted with such a high power of "changing the world", have been finally stripped of any power.
The popularity of labels as tools of government is growing in many policy areas. This working paper focuses on the creation and the implementation of three different public labels in the public health field. Granted by the States or other public authorities, those labels reward distinctively organizations for their contribution to a public cause. Governance by labels relies on the mechanisms of market competition and of social distinction at play within a field, to orient actors towards opinions that governments consider to be in the public interest. This working paper nevertheless shows the difficulties to implement effectively that kind of soft policy tools: for them to affect firms and consumers' behaviours, they have to integrate many conflicting objectives and interests at the same time, which is rarely the case. We actually show, in our three case studies, that governing the market through labels implies governing the labels themselves, by carefully selecting their grantee, promoting them to both consumers and companies, and struggling against other challenger labels or market intermediaries. It is not an uncommon paradox that these labels that are entrusted with such a high power of "changing the world", have been finally stripped of any power.
This book explores the current state of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in 24 European nations, examining the state of the development and practice of CSR and sustainability for organizations in these countries. The common denominator for all of the bookℓ́ℓs 25 chapters is a management perspective rather than an ethical discourse. The book therefore represents a comprehensive survey of initiatives and activities in the field of CSR and provides a wealth of complete cases and examples for different approaches to sustainable and responsible management practice. The book also reviews the relevant political and governmental guidelines and frameworks for organizations, both on a national and a European level. Europe has taken a leading role in the promotion and implementation of CSR. This book showcases how, through CSR, enterprises can significantly contribute to achieving the European Unionℓ́ℓs treaty objectives of sustainable development and a highly competitive social market economy.
Professional governing bodies of nursing have claimed that registered nurses have a responsibility to fulfill social mandate of political advocacy. Little is known about how nurses can accomplish this task. An exploratory, descriptive study (N=201) was undertaken to examine registered nurse's beliefs and practices regarding the concepts of politics and advocacy and secondly, to explore if nurses believe political activism to be a function of their advocacy role. Results suggest that nurses believe it is important to be politically active and report an interest in learning more about politics. The majority of nurses agreed that politics is the concern of nurses and agreed with the statement, "it is a duty of the nurse to be politically active" Despite these findings, nurses were only moderately active and just 30% of respondents stated that they were motivated to become more involved. Implications for nursing include personal and professional commitments, educational preparation in political science, democracy, policy analysis, and civic engagement, increased membership in professional organizations and workplace professional development in the political domain.
Research policy increasingly expects qualitative social science data to be archived and made available for reuse. However, there is a lack of empirical analyses of the practical possibilities and consequences of archiving. With our contribution we address this gap. We present a failed archiving attempt of semi-structured interviews in a sociology of science project, prompted by the request of the funding agency to provide the data for reuse. We reconstruct all decision-making processes that were made to prepare the data archiving. We had to decide whether and in what form data should be archived, how the principle of informed consent is realized, how we obtain the consent of the interviewee, how we anonymise the interviews and how context information is provided. Our analysis shows that the requirements of data protection and research ethics can lead to insurmountable research-practical problems that stand in the way of archiving qualitative data. Such problems also occur in other areas of sociology.
Public policy planning associated with the management of the Science, Technology, and Innovation is decisive to improve public health. It is important to develop novel strategies to plan, supervise, manage, use and evaluate research using indicators that extrapolates metrics in current use. In 2011, the Brazilian government introduced the Brazil Without Extreme Poverty plan (BWEP) that aimed to integrate several conditional cash transfer programs (CCT). The original that aimed to integrate of the CCTs were expanded in order to integrate social justice and dignity that induced several actions towards the promotion of social development of the beneficiaries. An induced action involved a partnership between BWEP (From the Ministry of Social Development), CAPES (Brazilian Higher Education Agency) and The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ, a Public Health Institution), that dedicated scholarships for PhD and postdoc students committed to the BWEP to promote health research in its multiple approaches and the vulnerable associated population. Using the Social Studies of Science and Technology (SSST) framework, this paper analyzes the dynamics of knowledge production in the context of program implementation. Herein, we report on the follow-up activities performed in BWEP Health Action, directing research projects to align with the goals of the program, evaluating the progress of these research, and defining strategies for improved their management. We analyze the advances and difficulties encountered in the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of this innovative program in the academic training level, and we emphasize the critical need to expand and improve similar initiatives aimed at guiding the scientific and technological production in health to meet the social demands.
Despite the centrality of migration in our contemporary world, scholarship on mobility and health frequently separates migrants according to legal status, country of origin, destination, or health concern. Yet people on the move and health systems face challenges and opportunities that transcend these boundaries, including border fortification, neoliberal agendas, and climate change. This volume explores these epistemic borders, recognizing the necessity of a new conversation about migration and health. Each of the empirically grounded chapters introduces readers to pressing questions of migration and health in diverse social, political, and geographical settings
Introduction : new Chinese immigrant families from the People's Republic of China to New Zealand : approaching the topic -- Re-grounding transnational migrant families in theories -- From inclusion to exclusion : family sponsorship and older parent reunification immigration under New Zealand's neoliberal immigration regime -- Forced transnational migration : from a multigenerational familial perspective -- Seasonal parents/grandparents : transnational care circulation in new Chinese immigrant families -- Reverse remittance : challenging the traditions, morality, and power relations -- Conclusion : the making of floating families in transnational social space.
International audience ; Today, nanoscience and nanotechnology (NS/T) is one of the most visible domains of scientific activity. Its promises rest especially on a convergence dynamics that brings various research communities closer together. This convergence is interdisciplinary, but it also renews links between applied and basic science. Nanoscale-related folk myths and economic expectations are well documented, as are interventions of policymakers. Lab-level relations have on the other hand been less studied. Based on a qualitative study conducted in one of France's main NS/T centres, this article shows how researchers experience boundaries in the workplace. Indeed, as local physicists are prompted to plan heterogeneous projects, they stress the importance of cultural and professional distinctions between local research communities. If Shinn's 'regimes of knowledge production' offer useful conceptual tools to make sense of interactions and distinctions in this science and technology hub, the cultural dimension of exchanges and resistances has nevertheless to be emphasized in this framework. For the interviewed scientists,professional boundary work has furthermore a clear political meaning, while their collective rhetoric is also a way to claim credit in the local competition for institutional favours. ; Les nanosciences et nanotechnologies (NS/T) constituent l'un des domaines d'activité scientifique les plus visibles aujourd'hui. Ses promesses reposent notamment sur une dynamique de convergence rapprochant diverses communautés de chercheurs. Cette convergence est interdisciplinaire, mais elle concerne aussi les rapports entre science fondamentale et science appliquée. Si la mythologie populaire associée aux manipulations de la matière à l'échelle nanométrique commence à être bien documentée, tout comme l'intérêt qu'elles suscitent auprès des acteurs industriels et politiques, les espaces et les relations de travail de leurs instigateurs font plus rarement l'objet de travaux sociologiques. A partir d'une ...
Florence Wyckoff's three-volume oral history documents her remarkable, lifelong work as a social activist, during which she has become nationally recognized as an advocate of migrant families and children. From the depression years through the 1970s, she pursued grassroots, democratic, community-building efforts in the service of improving public health standards and providing health care, education, and housing for migrant families. Major legislative milestones in her career of advocacy were the passage of the California Migrant Health Act and, in 1962, the Federal Migrant Health Act, which established family health clinics for the families who follow the crops along both the eastern and western migrant agricultural streams. This volume includes a discussion of Mrs. Wyckoff's childhood in Berkeley; education and development as an artist; foreign travel; the origins and early evolution of Mrs. Wyckoff's social concerns during the depression years; her activities in the Theater Union; the 1934 General Strike in San Francisco; activities in labor organizing in YWCA Industrial Department and workers' education efforts; the individuals who inspired and influenced her course as an activist in social and economic legislative activities.
Este escrito presenta un análisis de la participación en la construcción de Planes de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial PDET, contenidos en el Acuerdo Final para la terminación del Conflicto y la construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera en relación a los conceptos de Participación Social y la Potencia Transformadora, que parte de entender el actual proceso de implementación como una disputa que puede devenir en la absorción de las FARC-EP por el sistema político y social vigente o en la posibilidad de abrir un nuevo ciclo reformista que conlleve a la democratización de la vida nacional en sus diversas dimensiones. En la parte introductoria se presenta el tema y la relevancia del mismo, en el aparte conceptual aborda la Participación Social y sus dos dimensiones Sujeto Social y Alcance Político; en el tercer aparte se abordan los contextos de construcción de paz, participación y de los mecanismos participativos de implementación del punto uno del Acuerdo Final (2016). En el cuarto aparte se abordan los PDET en sus significados y el devenir de su implementación y en el quinto, se analiza el proceso llevado a cabo en la región Sierra Nevada- Perijá; en las conclusiones se hace una reflexión que vincula la Participación Social a la Potencia Transformadora de la construcción de Paz por medio de los PDET. ; Abstract: This thesis presents an analysis of the construction of Development Plans with Territorial Approach PDET, contained in the Final Agreement for the termination of the Conflict and the construction of a Stable and Lasting Peace in relation to Social Participation and the Transformative Power of this political moment that part of understanding the current process of implementation as a dispute that may result in the absorption of the FARC-EP by the current political and social system or the possibility of opening a new reformist cycle in the country that leads to the democratization of the national life in its various dimensions. In the introductory part in which the theme and the relevance of it is presented, a conceptual aside in relation to the concept of Social Participation that includes two dimensions; Social Subject and the Political Scope; In the third part, the contexts of peace building, participation and the participatory mechanisms of implementation of point one of the Final Agreement (2016) are addressed. In the fourth section, the PDETs are addressed in the meanings proposed and the evolution of their implementation; in the conclusions a reflection is made that links the Social Participation to the Transformative Power of the construction of Peace through the PDET. ; Maestría
International audience ; This book deals with women's social and political roles, both in practice and in their representations, in 18th-century European and American societies. The transatlantic viewpoint highlights the great diversity of these roles. Women's social and economic positions shape their modes of political involvement in the public space. The book shows that the practical situations of women in Europe and America in that period can differ from the common representations of compassion and benevolence, often viewed then as female virtues. Nevertheless, and even though the Enlightenment signals a shift towards women's emancipation, their subordination to the male social, legal and political order was real. Some women writers, for example, managed to publish under their real names, but had to face serious difficulties for this. ; Cet ouvrage porte sur le rôle social et politique des femmes dans les sociétés européenne et américaine au XVIIIe siècle. Le regard transatlantique montre la grande diversité des rôles des femmes à cette époque. Les conditions sociales et économiques des femmes influent fortement sur leurs modes de politisation et d'engagement dans la vie de la cité. Le livre montre aussi que les réalités vécues en Europe et en Amérique à cette époque peuvent différer des représentations de compassion et de bienveillance dans lesquelles les femmes étaient souvent enfermées. Le rôle social des femmes évolue à l'époque des Lumières dans un sens généralement plus libérateur pour elles, en raison, par exemple, d'une amélioration de leur accès à l'instruction, qui a mené certaines à publier leurs oeuvres sous leur vrai nom. Il n'en demeure pas moins qu'elles sont restées largement soumises à cette époque à un ordre social, politique et juridique masculin, qui continuait à les cantonner dans des rôles subordonnés ou marginaux.