Suchergebnisse

As a field of study, the Middle East, like its predecessor the "Orient", continues to exist more concretely within a vast realm of Western texts, both artistic and ethnographic, than it does on the ground. This ingrained disparity between representation and social reality has motivated some scholars to examine this literature as the manifestation of physical or ideological domination. In Edward Said's Orientalism the interpretation of this literature becomes a search for determining social and political forces, the evidence of which, like the nineteenth-century anthropological notion of "survivals", resides in each text as an implicit network of unconscious images and metaphors. Similarly, Abdelkebir Khatibi, investigating the historical and ethnographic texts of Jacques Berque, views this literature as determined by the requirements of an exigent and compelling, but inherently flawed, Western metaphysic; an "onto-tháologie" which, in confronting questions of essence and existence, must formulate an "other" to realize its "self".

The present research investigated the relationship between system justification beliefs and the endorsement of ambivalent sexist attitudes toward men. In Study 1 (web-based questionnaire, N = 220) we explored the relationship between system justification (SJ), and hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men (HM and BM). Results showed that SJ was positively related to BM but not to HM. In Study 2 (paper-and-pencil questionnaire, N = 158), we tested the mediating role played by BM and HM in the relationship between SJ and the preference for male candidates. We replicated Study 1 results and showed that BM, but not HM, was positively related to the dependent variable; moreover SJ exerted an indirect and positive effect on the preference for male candidates as mediated by BM. Finally, supplementary analyses showed that the relationship between SJ and BM was positive and significant for women only. Results are discussed in light of system justification theory and of BM as an additional form of legitimization and maintenance of the status quo.

La importancia que los microcréditos han alcanzado en el mundo de la cooperación al desarrollo está fuera de toda duda. Prácticamente no hay país o institución donde no estén presentes. El hilo de Ariadna de esa reflexión trata de determinar hasta qué punto los microcréditos son una repuesta al proceso de extensión de la(s) pobreza(s), como habitualmente se afirma, o si por el contrario, son un elemento más de una representación simbólica siendo utilizada para facilitar la expansión de los mecanismos de la economía contemporánea como paradigma político de la cooperación al desarrollo. ; The level importance that microcredits have reached in the world of international development is significant beyond a doubt. There is virtually no country or institution in which they are not present. On the Ariadna's thread in this reflection, we try to determine to what point microcredits can be considered an answer to the process of poverty expansion as it is usually referred to, or whether on the contrary, they are just one more element of a symbolic representation, being used to facilitate the expansion of the market economy as a political paradigm of international development. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada

Defines legitimation. Proposes six social factors or forces for
analysing the current bases for legitimation in information systems
development. Argues that if the directions of these forces shift, it
could signal a major social change. Asserts that consideration of the
concepts related to the six factors can help information systems
researchers to sense emergent issues.

'Mit dem grundlegenden Wandel der Sozialstruktur, der seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland stattgefunden hat, haben sich auch die Strukturen sozialer Ungleichheit verändert. Neuere Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, daß sich die Ungleichheiten zwischen den sozialen Schichten und Klassen allenfalls geringfügig und keineswegs immer im Sinne eines Abbaus von Ungleichheiten verändert haben. Dagegen wurden die Ungleichheiten zwischen einzelnen Sozialkategorien zum Teil erheblich reduziert. Deutlich verringert haben sich beispielsweise die Ungleichheiten der Bildungschancen zwischen den Geschlechtern sowie zwischen Stadt und Land oder die Einkommensunterschiede zwischen Erwerbstätigen und Rentnern. Wesentlich geringer, wenn überhaupt vorhanden, ist dagegen der Abbau von Ungleichheiten der Bildungschancen oder der Einkommensunterschiede zwischen den sozialen Schichten und Klassen. Ganz erheblich zugenommen haben beispielsweise die Ungleichheiten der Einkommen von Lohnabhängigen und Selbständigen.' (Autorenreferat)

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how Dutch social workers make sense of the cultural otherness produced by clients with migrant origins and relates this to the various discourses that constitute the legacy of Dutch social work.Design/methodology/approachThe paper relies on a historical discourse analysis based on secondary sources and on a fieldwork study performed in a contemporary organization.FindingsThe analysis reveals three different discourses. The first relates to how the association of social work with government policy produces a generalised "otherness" as the practical starting point for the social workers' interventions, and a specific kind of cultural indifference. The second concerns a discourse around lifestyle interventions influenced by a specific tradition of institutionalised diversity called pillarization. Finally, there is a discourse in which social workers are expressly expected to be "open" to their individual clients' specific backgrounds which generates scope for a "constructivist" conceptualization of cultural diversity.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into the discursive construction of social work.