Suchergebnisse

In its 2009 decision in Infopaq (C-5/08), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) achieved a landmark result: the de facto, horizontal harmonization of the originality requirement. After that, nothing could stay the same. After providing an overview of the harmonization process in the copyright field over the past 30 years or so and, with that, the environment in which Infopaq came to be, this chapter considers Infopaq and the expansive effect of subsequent case law on other copyright subsistence requirements. The analysis also notes how the eventual outcome of Cofemel (C-683/17), insofar as works of applied art are concerned, is perfectly in line with such a jurisprudence. The chapter further considers the legal and institutional difficulties that such a string of CJEU decisions has given rise to and is yet to resolve before concluding that further questions are likely to be posed to the CJEU in the not too distant future. In other words: the construction of EU copyright is far from over.

The pandemic COVID-19 became a challenge for both societies and governments. While most countries and citizens reacted similarly to the unknown strength of the virus at the start of the pandemic, the situation in each country began to vary more and more each month. Poland and Slovakia are interesting cases in this context. One year after the WHO declared a pandemic, these countries are experiencing one of the worst crises in history. In Poland, despite the initial social mobilisation, after a very short time, many government decisions ceased to be perceived as protecting citizens. In the first period of the pandemic, the Slovak government coped with the situation much better, which changed significantly in the autumn of 2020. The article aims to analyse how an active "rally 'round the flag" effect and the resulting natural potential for social mobilisation to fight the pandemic were wasted in Poland and Slovakia due to irresponsible political decisions undermining the citizens 'trust in the governments' good intentions.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Place and publisher suggested by STC (2nd ed.). ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Contains woodcut initial. ; "Cum priuilegio as imprimendum solum." ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Place and date of publication from STC (2nd ed.). ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Date of publication suggested by STC (2nd ed.). ; Reproduction of original in the Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Publisher and date suggested by STC (2nd ed.). ; Reproduction of original in the Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Contains wood-cut initial. ; "Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum." ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1]) p. ; Publication date from STC. ; Proclamation of war with France. ; Reproductions of the original in the Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Last complete line of text ends "pryses". ; "Cum priuilegio Regiæ Maiestatis." ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Title from first six lines of text. ; Signed at end: William Exeter. ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Contains wood-cut initial. ; Imperfect: tightly bound, with slight loss of print. ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1]) p. ; Publication date from STC. ; Proclamation banning import of goods from France. ; Reproductions of the original in the Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Last complete line of text ends "bee". ; "At Nonsuch 22. Iulii. Anno 31. Reginæ Elizab. 1589." ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.

1 sheet ([1] p.). ; Contains historiated initial. ; "Geuen at our maner of Grenewych the thyrde day of Apryll." ; "Cum priuilegio." ; Reproduction of original in: Society of Antiquaries.