Suchergebnisse

Статья посвящена анализу использования в условиях интеграции подходов к социальным знаниям и междисциплинарности в качестве основы исторических исследований социологических теорий Э. Дюркгейма, Р. Мертона, П. Бурдье, которые служат эффективным инструментом и позволяют объективно рассматривать разнообразные объекты действительности. Показано применение учёными теории аномии при анализе политических, экономических и социальных трансформаций для исследования страны в целом и отдельных регионов в период кризисных явлений, революций и войн. Проанализированы пути и формы исследования вопросов повседневной жизни, выявления стиля, действий и мышления людей на основе социологических теорий. Рассмотрены разнообразные подходы к анализу девиантного поведения с точки зрения социологических теорий применительно к повседневным практикам. Показано использование теории П. Бурдье на исследование влияния городского российского социума на формирование габитуса в процессе воспитания в результате отражения культурного опыта конкретной социальной среды, её религиозных и идеологических установок. На конкретных примерах проиллюстрировано, что социологические теории при исследовании исторических процессов и явлений позволяют расширять, систематизировать и обобщать факты, а также выявлять закономерности развития общества.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)2-34 ; The article is devoted to the analysis of the use of terms in the condition of integration of approaches to social knowledge and interdisciplinary study as a basis for historical research of sociological theories of E. Durkheim, R. Merton, P. Bourdieu, which serve as an effective tool and allow one to objectively consider various objects of reality. It shows the scientific use of the theory of anomie in the analysis of political, economic and social transformation to study the whole and individual regions in the period of crisis, wars and revolutions. The analysis is given to the ways and forms of daily life research, the style, actions and thinking of people based on sociological theories. Consideration is given to the variety of approaches to the analysis of deviant behavior from the point of view of sociological theories applied to everyday practices. The demonstration is made of the use of the theory of P. Bourdieu to the study of the influence of urban Russian society on the formation of habitus in the process of upbringing, by reflecting the cultural experience of particular social environment, its religious and ideological attitudes. Specific examples illustrate that sociological theory in the study of historical processes and events enables one to extend, systematize and generalize the facts, and reveal the regularities in the development of the society.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)2-34

This article outlines the key propositions and further prospects of the media event theory established by Daniel Dayan and Elihu Katz in their 1992 book Media Events: The Live Broadcasting of History. The ritual approach they suggested, according to which media events are understood as large-scale televised performances meant to integrate society, has received a variety of alternative interpretations. The critique of media events' ceremonial model mainly follows three directions: (1) the restrictions of the neo-Durkheimian paradigm, which emphasizes the consensual nature of media events; (2) the narrowness of the initial definition of media events' genre and its three scenarios ("conquests", "contests", "coronations"); (3) consideration of media events as televised phenomena only, without taking into account other types of media and their interaction. This article shows that one of the possible extensions of Dayan and Katz's theory can be to develop the concept of transformative media events, which are understood as mediatized social dramas framing the renewal of the social order or its basic institutions. Special attention is paid to methodological difficulties involved in identifying the criteria of transformative media events. For instance, the matter of whether events which have not led to significant social changes (such as failed protest actions) can be considered transformative; whether the event's "vector" (progressive or regressive) should be taken into account; which levels and segments of social life allow for the emergence of phenomena which can qualify as transformative media events — all of these questions remain open. The article emphasizes that these conceptual difficulties are connected to the more fundamental problem of distinguishing between media events and non-media-events in the digital era. The conclusion contains some thoughts as to why the discussion about "the end of media events" is still far from over.

В статье исследуются вопросы правового регулирования налоговых отношений с позиций социологической методологии. Цель работы состоит в анализе того, как социологический подход к правовому регулированию может способствовать сокращению угроз налоговой безопасности государства. Путем использования достижений социологической теории автором сформулированы определения понятий «налогообложение», «уклонение от уплаты налогов», «налоговый конфликт», «налоговая безопасность», «угрозы налоговой безопасности». Рассмотрение налогоплательщиков как совокупности социальных групп (крупного бизнеса, малого и среднего бизнеса, наемных работников, домашних хозяйств, государственных служащих) помогло выявить угрозы налоговой безопасности государства. Также внесены предложения по совершенствованию налогового законодательства. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что учет социологических механизмов в правовой регламентации взаимодействия налогоплательщиков и налоговых органов способствует улучшению его качества и, как следствие, повышению налоговой дисциплины. Это ведет к уменьшению угроз налоговой безопасности государства, связанных с произвольным наказанием налогоплательщиков, приводящим к снижению экономической активности и объема налоговых поступлений в федеральный бюджет. ; The issues of legal provision for national tax security are analyzed in the article by the sociological methodology. The objective of this study is to clarify that sociological approach to legal regulation may reduce threats to national tax security. The author describes the definitions of the terms «taxation process», «tax avoidance», «tax conflict», «tax threat to national security», and «security indicators» in the scope of the sociological theory. The consideration of the taxpayers as a totality of social groups: such as large business, small and medium businesses, employees, households,– helps to identify the threats to national tax security. The proposals for amendments in tax legislation are also offered. An important conclusion is the fact that sociological approach to legal regulation helps to identify incorrect rules in the Russian Tax code to change them and promote their uniform application. This involves reducing the threats to national tax security that are associated with arbitrary punishment of taxpayers, reduced economic activity, and decreased tax revenues to the Federal budget.

Секция 3. Социологическая наука и образование: повестка дня на завтра ; В условиях развития информационного общества отмечаются высокие темпы прогресса и востребованности технологий воспроизводства и распространения информации до целевой аудитории. Анализ содержания современных конфликтов показывает, что дестабилизация общественно-политических систем, усиление радикальности действий сторон конфликта в период политических противостояний, развитие бифуркационных процессов происходят во многом благодаря использованию ресурсу СМИ и средств сетевой виртуальной медиакоммуникации. Учитывая указанные тенденции, в социологической науке формируется необходимость образования принципиально нового направления исследования радикальных форм социально-политических трансформаций – социологии дестабилизации как специальной социологической теории. Представленная статья посвящена научно-теоретическому осмыслению феномена дестабилизации с позиций социологической науки, рассмотрению факторов дестабилизации общества, выявлению структурно содержательных отличий дестабилизации от классической революции. ; In the conditions of the development of the information society, high rates of progress and demand for technologies of reproduction and dissemination of information to the target audience are noted. An analysis of the content of contemporary conflicts shows that destabilization of sociopolitical systems, the intensification of the radical actions of the parties to the conflict during political confrontations, the development of bifurcation processes are largely due to the use of the media resource and network virtual media communication. Taking into account these tendencies, the need to form a fundamentally new direction for the study of radical forms of socio-political transformations — sociology of destabilization as a special sociological theory is being formed in sociological science. The presented article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of destabilization from the standpoint of sociological science, consideration of the factors of destabilization of society, the identification of structurally meaningful differences of destabilization from the classical revolution.

We are accustomed to associate juridical sci with the theory of state & law. In fact, this theory has a sociol'al content, & it is essential to show its relationship to Marxism-Leninism. The state & law, both superstructures, enjoy a certain independence from their econ base. This theory, furthermore, has implications for the specific laws governing the existence & development of the state & the law, both in their interdependence & in their position vis a vis other elements of the superstructure. The study of such relationships is part of the study of reality & should, in arriving at generalizations, resolve methodological problems which can be of value to all the disciplines of juridical sci, without actually affecting the end products of such disciplines. These problems are of great importance both so far as they concern the juridical sci's of the USSR & the popular democracies, & also for the further improvement of socialism. Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.

This article presents an introduction to the publication of "Foreword" (1940) — prepared by P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), a Russian and American sociologist — for the first American edition of "Community and Society" (1887) by F. Tönnies (1855‒1936), a German sociologist. "Foreword" is examined as a standalone theoretical piece in order to complete the historical-sociological facts and circumstances of its creation and publication, the ideological connections of the text in question with any other theories, and above all — with the sociology created by F. Tönnies. In "Foreword", which is filled with references to ideas by major representatives of Chinese, European and Arab cultures and to the social values in their ideological heritage, P.A. Sorokin established the universal character of the social organization types introduced by F. Tönnies — "community and society" ("Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft" in German) — and stated his ideological affiliation to this dichotomy. Thus, the project for the theory of society and social evolution by P.A. Sorokin has been shown to cover both social forms introduced by F. Tönnies. The identified social values, which constitute an independent foundation for Sorokin's theory of society and social evolution, help in developing the gnoseological aspect of his sociology. The writing of F. Tönnies, as well as P.A. Sorokin's "Foreword", defined their era. They include multiple points for incorporating new ideas in order to expand and evolve the theory of modern society.

The article substantiates the need for a methodological search for alternatives to a sociological study of the professional mobility of Russian youth and the management of this process in the context of global and Russian trends in the development of the labor market and professionalization. The proposed author's methodological guidelines in the study of this problem are based on the analysis and generalization of the available theoretical developments, highlighting the most optimal from the point of view of the Russian labor market's realities and professional development of youth. The article actualizes the potential of stratification and activity approaches, the theory of multiplicity of professionalization, and multidimensional analysis. The cognitive scheme proposed in the article is based on the identification of three stages of professional development of youth: professional self-determination, professional education and professional adaptation. The prospects for its use in studying the problem of managing professional youth mobility are seen in the formation of an effective strategy for managing this process, taking into account the effective professionalization of youth at each of the selected stages, taking into account the factor of multiple professionalization as the most vividly characterizing modern adaptation practices in the professional labor market.