Suchergebnisse

Despite the introduction of laws granting family rights for lesbians and gays (LG) in many countries, negative attitudes towards homosexuality persist among various segments of the population, even in countries that have fully legitimized same-sex relationships. This mismatch raises questions about the processes through which societies achieve positive attitudes towards gays and lesbians. This article applies diffusion theory to nearly 20 years of European Social Survey data for 27 countries to provide an in-depth examination of the evolution of attitudes towards gays and lesbians. Using data on same-sex legislation and cluster analysis, we construct a classification of countries distinguishing among those that are more versus less ahead in the process of granting family rights for LG couples, which is then applied to societal growth curve models to account for historical changes in attitudes among different social groups. Our results show a stronger increase in positive attitudes towards homosexuality among higher educated, secular, and non-conservative individuals in countries with greater same-sex rights. These findings suggest that laws granting family rights to LG people represent a necessary but not sufficient condition for the diffusion of positive attitudes towards homosexuality, pointing to a considerable lag between the macro and the micro-level.

1. Before the Forge: The Discourse of RPGs, 1974-2000 -- 2. The Seasons of the Forge: A Structural History, 2001-2012 -- 3. The Rise and Fall of the Forge Booth -- 4. Forge Theory: From GNS to the Big Model -- 5. Go Read the Threads: Communication at the Forge -- 6. Designs & Discussions: An RPG about the Indie Scene.

"Der Beitrag geht der These nach, dass es insbesondere die im Pragmatismus bereits angelegte und in der Sozialtheorie von Anselm L. Strauss soziologisch ausgearbeitete, besondere Fassung des Verhältnisses von Perspektivität und Prozessualität ist, die die Leistungsfähigkeit des pragmatistisch-interaktionistischen Ansatzes ausmacht, und dass dieses Potential gerade durch die spezifischen Themen und Probleme der neueren Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung im Kontext der "science and technology studies" (STS) zur Entfaltung kommt und so Anstöße auch in Richtung auf die allgemein- soziologische Theoriebildung geben kann. Dazu wird zunächst das soziologische und sozialphilosophische "Erbe" des pragmatistischen Interaktionismus rekapituliert, also vor allem die Bezugspunkte im klassischen Pragmatismus und in der Chicagoer Soziologie. Die daraus gewonnen theoretischen und methodischen Positionen werden auf zentrale Fragen der aktuellen Wissenschafts- und Technikforschung (heterogene Kooperation, Faktenstabilisierung, Handlungsbeteiligung von Artefakten) bezogen und abschließend auf ihr allgemein-theoretisches Potential befragt." (Autorenreferat)

AbstractReligious freedom is protected by section 2(a) of theCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Historically, the right has been understood in individual terms, though the courts have acknowledged a collective dimension to religion as expressed in a community of believers. Yet, the precise meaning of collective religious freedom has not been fully fleshed out. The current case law only encompasses a limited range of forms of collective religious expression and does not articulate a coherent theory as to why some collective 2(a) claims succeed while others fail. This paper draws on concepts from interpretive sociology to help clarify the existing jurisprudence and reveal a tension that is otherwise invisible over the status of volition/voluntariness in the collective religious freedom framework. Addressing this tension can help rationalize the Court's jurisprudence and give resources to critics looking to change how the law encompasses collective religious experience.

`The introduction chaper by Mark Easterby-Smith and Luis Araujo introduces the reader to the unresolved issues with which the field is still grappling today.. All in all, this is an interesting and useful book for both researcher and manager alike. First, and perhaps most importantly, the book incorporates multiple perspectives on learning - the psychological, sociological and the philosophical.. Second, the book is neither purely theory driven, nor purely empirically driven. Theoretical contributions are complemented by empirical studies which help to illustrate the application of the theoret

Ruth Rosner Kornhauser : a personal and intellectual history / Anne M. Kornhauser -- Ruth Rosner Kornhauser's 1963 manuscript : an introduction / Brendan D. Dooley -- Theoretical issues in the sociological study of juvenile delinquency / Ruth Rosner Kornhauser -- Ruth and me / Travis Hirschi -- Social sources of delinquency and the second coming of Shaw and McKay / Robert J. Bursik, Jr. -- Social structure, culture and crime : assessing Kornhauser's challenge to criminology / Ross L. Matsueda -- Challenging Kornhauser's critique of strain theory / Robert Agnew and Francis T. Cullen -- Strength of control theory / Chester L. Britt and Barbara J. Costello -- Cultural disorganization and crime / Charis E. Kubrin -- Social disorganization, collective efficacy, and macro-level theories of social control / Barbara D. Warner and Robert J. Sampson -- Social disorganization and criminal opportunity / Pamela Wilcox and Kenneth C. Land -- Concentrated disadvantage, the persistence of legal cynicism, and crime : revisiting the conception of "culture" in criminology / David S. Kirk and Andrew V. Papachristos -- Neighborhoods, social networks, and crime / John R. Hipp and Adam Boessen -- The contested place of motivation in criminological theory / David F. Greenberg -- Taking criminal opportunity seriously : an actor-centered approach / Darrell J. Steffensmeier and Jeffery T/ Ulmer -- Bringing gangs and girls back in / Cheryl L. Maxson

In this text author William Ming Liu presents theory and research on the impact of classism and social class on mental health. He provides an original framework-the Social Class Worldview Model-for exploring each person's individual and subjective life experiences. These experiences form a perspective that is unique to the individual. The author then helps the reader integrate this realization into the study of poverty, economic inequality, wealth, and the often overlooked implications of greed, materialism, and consumerism for a more complete understanding of social class and classism. Liu's

Introduction: the editors -- Points of departure : gender & power and its sequels -- "Theories don't grow on trees" : contextualizing gender knowledge / Myra Marx Ferree -- Hegemonic, nonhegemonic, and "new" masculinities / James W. Messerschmidt and Michael A. Messner -- From object to subject : situating transgender lives in sociology / Kristen Schilt -- The larger scope of gender analysis -- Postcoloniality and the sociology of gender / Raka Ray -- Race, indigeneity, and gender : lessons for global feminism / Mara Viveros Vigoya -- Categories, structures, and intersectional theory / Joya Misra -- Four dimensions of relationship, struggle, and change -- Why "heteronormativity" is not enough : a feminist sociological perspective on heterosexuality / Stevi Jackson -- Gender inequality and feminism in the new economy / Christine L. Williams and Megan Tobias Neely -- Gender politics in academia in the neoliberal age / Barbara Poggio -- The holy grail of organizational change : toward gender equality at work / Yvonne Benschop and Marieke van den Brink -- Dynamics of masculinities -- Concerning tradition in studies on men and masculinities in ex-colonies / Kopano Ratele -- Rethinking patriarchy through unpatriarchal male desires / Gul Ozyegin -- On the elasticity of gender hegemony : why hybrid masculinities fail to undermine gender and sexual inequality / Tristan Bridges and C.J. Pascoe -- Agendas for theory -- Limitations of the neoliberal turn in gender theory : (re)turning to gender as a social structure / Barbara J. Risman, Kristen Myers, and Ray Sin -- Paradoxes of gender redux : multiple genders and the persistence of the binary / Judith Lorber -- The monogamous couple, gender hegemony, and polyamory / Mimi Schippers -- Conclusion: theory work, or reckoning with gender / Raewyn Connell -- About the contributors -- Index -- Notes.

This article uses data from a national representative employer–employee matched dataset to assess the race/sex disparity in workers' self‐rated productivity levels. Findings show that a significant proportion of black men report that they cannot achieve high job productivity. We conduct regression analyses based on human capital, social closure, and social psychological models to identify the specific mechanisms that account for black men's low self‐rated job productivity. We find that social psychological work relational issues such as closeness of supervision and job evaluation explain the race/sex disparity in self‐rated productivity. Findings are considered in the context of emergent intersections of race and gender in accounting for disparities in workplace outcomes.

Daniel Bell (1919–2011) and Manuel Castells (1942–) are the grand theorists of the information age. The article provides a detailed, up-to-date, comparative analysis of their writings. It begins with their methodologies, identifying numerous commonalities in their post-Marxian frameworks. The substance of their theories is then examined, where it is shown that both plausibly explain contemporary social reality in terms of the interplay of three forces: the information technology revolution, the restructuring of capitalism and the innovational role of culture. There are found to be major similarities in their accounts (the Kantian interpretation, social stratification) but also significant divergences (role of science, the fourth world, the normative content of culture). Suitably combined, Bell's and Castells's thought goes a long way towards delivering a persuasive sociological theory of the global information society. However, the article concludes by suggesting that extensive further work is needed to clarify the precise relationships between the three factors and their relative weightings in the equations required to explain recent social change.

This article analyses the patterns underlying debates in sociological theory, using the debate surrounding the distinction between 'micro' and 'macro' as its case. Although – and indeed because – few authors have attempted explicit definition of the distinction, a number of different distinctions have been subsumed under these labels and research has been shaped by packages of assumptions that have gone largely unexamined in their contradictory nature. The article disaggregates the different distinctions that have been associated with the terms 'micro' and 'macro' and situates theoretical strategies of the past decades in the grammar of oppositions that makes them possible and innovative. Gap-bridging has been the attempt to bring together aspects of the distinction that have been construed as direct opposites; recombination has been the attempt to release certain aspects of the distinction from their association with one side of the divide. Disaggregating the distinction can help us isolate specific theoretical problems for further work, including work that asks how aspects emphasized by different theoretical approaches vary empirically.

Sociological studies of sustainable transformation have highlighted the relevance of 'unequal' and 'uneven' transformation dynamics. We argue that a practice-based approach provides far more insight into such unequal dynamics than currently recognized. We re-interpret the political concepts of agonism, antagonism and historic bloc that Gramsci used to analyse domination in order to theorize practice constellations and dynamics that are responsible for the perpetuation of unsustainable practices and the suppression of sustainable ones. Based on empirical findings, we also expand his vocabulary by introducing the concept of synergy. Using the example of urban cycling in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, we propose a Gramscian-inspired account of power and domination in practices as a way of understanding inequality in transformation efforts.