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The article analyzes the relevance, factors and prospects of the transformation of modern sociological science. It is noted that digital technologies significantly change the fundamental foundations of social interaction, most everyday social practices, structures and conflicts. This poses a number of serious challenges to sociology as a science. It is emphasized that it is time to think deeply not only about the problem of transformation of what sociology studies, but also about the transformation of sociology itself as a specific intellectual practice. Attention is focused on the need for sociological analysis and interpretation of large-scale and long-term social processes, changes in the traditional way of sociology's participation in the formation of state social policy and the implementation of social reforms. Endogenous factors hindering the leadership of sociological science in the modern public intellectual discourse are identified, namely: fragmentation of sociology, its division into a huge number of directions, particular, local thematizations; lack of research attention of sociologists to the fundamental problems of social life; modern sociology does not form an agenda for public intellectual discourse and scientific research, does not define the problematic field of research and interpretation both at the microsocial level and at the level of societal and global phenomena; it is not socially engaged, does not engage in dialogic interaction with various groups of the public, does not help them to realize their values, interests and problems, to fight for their solution; sociologists do not show activity in related research areas (for example, such as social communications, public relations, advertising, marketing, political consulting, conflict studies), do not use for this a rich arsenal of sociological theoretical concepts, quantitative and qualitative methods; despite the mediatization of social life, sociology is not sufficiently media-based, it is extremely weakly present in the media space. A conclusion is formulated about the need to transform sociological thinking and sociological imagination, the need for serious changes in the educational programs of professional training of students, in particular their practical component, the search for new formats of professional communication.

Discussed the circumstances connected with the modernization of the structure of sociological knowledge. The deployment of thoughts carried out in the context of clarifying ways to modernize the structure of sociological knowledge, the emergence of new research directions and identifying the essence of institutionalization of sociology of the army as an alternative to the military or military sociology.Keywords: structure of sociological knowledge, the modernization of science, sociology of the army, spheres approach, institutional approach. ; Обговорено обставини, пов'язані з модернізацією структури соціологічного знання. Розгортання думок здійснено у контексті з'ясування способів модернізації структури соціологічного знання, становлення нових напрямів дослідження та виявлення сутності інституціоналізації соціології армії як альтернативи військовій чи воєнній соціології.Ключові слова: структури соціологічного знання, модернізація науки, соціологія армії, сферний підхід, інституційний підхід.

We have researched media texts of the anti-terrorist military action participants. There are war diaries, memoirs, blogs, publications of veterans and separately journalistic interviews with them. We used comparative, analytical, synthesis and induction method. Communicative specificity of these texts was concretized. Literary works of anti-terrorist military action participants are amateur and new for Ukrainian information space. They were built on the autobiographical basis. This kind of memoir genre is a valuable source for learning both behavior of some person in concrete conditions and sociopolitical order of some people in determined history period. The authors demonstrate their military personal experience through detailing of war events. Memoir writers explain their motivation of joining military platoons and demonstrate a strong patriotic position. Veterans recite their own history in a chronological order with adding images of comrades, commanders, technique units, tranches, weapon, elements of everyday life to their telling. Also combatants say about exploits of their fighting brothers. The prominent feature of memoirs is a contrast between front realities and civilian life. Military action participants have a colloquial style with military slang and terms. With a great sadness Ukrainian defenders describe a way of life of dead friends. But military texts have a lot of funny stories, jokes, positive notices and interesting cheerful details of communication between soldiers. The analysis of media texts allowed to find out problem zones of veterans' life. There is need for civil and professional adaptation, socialization, saving a memory about heroes. The authors try to pay attention of wide society to these problems and motivate to its solution. The results can be used in the course of the journalism specialty for the further scientific researches.

The article analyzes lexical items, the augmentatives, that are used in the language of modern mass media; it is defined new lexical items and expansion of the sphere of their functioning in media materials on social and political and other subjects; it is defined the functional and stylistic role of augmentatives in the language of the press and negative assessment in publicistic materials. The descriptive research method and observation method were used as main in studying augmentatives in the language of Ukrainian periodicals of the XXI century. At different stages of the research the method of functional analysis was used to determine the stylistic load of lexical items. It is concluded that in the language of Ukrainian periodicals, the augmentatives are rarely used, unlike diminutives. They most often have a negative assessment function, representing neglect, condemnation, contempt, etc. Sometimes, with the help of augmentatives, they show the size of the object, phenomenon, or a living being that the author writes about. In general, the augmentatives give some expressive coloring to the text.

The article discusses the impact of mass communication on the formation of public opinion on migration movements in Europe in 2018 among the citizens of the host country. A number of patterns of shaping society's attitude towards migrants were identified, as well as the reasons for the incitement of hatred towards immigrants. The content of articles of American and European news media was also analyzed. Thematic areas in which the media present migrants are most often identified. This choice of editions is explained by the purpose of identifying the general trends and differences between information resources, the target audience of which is the population of different countries – the USA, the UK and European countries in general. The media reflects the processes taking place within and around society. Results contain the context in which a journalist poses a particular problem of great importance for the subsequent perception. The humanistic orientation of European Union policy has become the basis for the creation of programs that provide benefits for refugees, contribute to improving their living conditions, and facilitate the process of crossing borders to save them from the above factors. This is why we have taken into account the period of the 2018 migration crisis. The analysis revealed thematic areas in which the mass media most often present displaced people, which testifies to the general concepts in which society views the problem of migration adaptation. Mass media is not only an indicator of the society response to immigration movements, but also shapes consumers` opinion on information regarding migrants.

Introduction. This article explains the peculiarities of the content constructing of the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016, represented by English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to disclose peculiarities of the content constructing of the political media discourse in question via the analysis of the cognitive plane of its objectification.Results. The article holds that the political media discourse is a complex phenomenon that has three planes of its objectification: cognitive, pragmatic, and communicative (linguistic). The analysis of its cognitive plane accomplished as the analysis of the content of its political media texts enables to disclose peculiarities of their content constructing. The article proves that this constructing is typically based on a purposeful manipulation of information on behalf of the message author (sender). It is done in different ways and by various means – by faking facts, by their partial distortion, by a shift within the concept semantic field, by the concept simplification, and by stereotyping. The very form of facts presentation also contributes to information distortion – it can be statement, repetition, fragmentation, breaking news, sensation, and non-alternativity (of information source or of view point). Such а content constructing, typical of the analyzed political media texts, enables the message author (sender) to present concrete facts, political events and the very social reality in the right light, suggesting or imposing on the message recipient a certain (necessary) understanding of what is perceived.Originality. Originality of this article is provided by a complex approach to the analysis of the political media discourse. The article contributes to the discourse analysis, in particular to the studies of its cognitive and linguistic-cognitive characteristics.The perspective of the problem under discussion can be seen in the analysis of interrelated pragmatic and communicative (linguistic) planes of the political media discourse objectification.Conclusion. Thus, according to the obtained data, the content constructing of English-language political media texts about events in Ukraine, which represent the political media discourse of the Russian Internet resource sputniknews.com for September 2016, is typically based on manipulation of information. Accomplished by the message author (sender) in different ways and by various means, manipulation of information results in various interpretations of concrete facts, political events and social reality with the purpose to suggest or impose on the message recipient a certain (necessary) understanding, which is, in fact, a manipulative impact on public consciousness.

The article deals with the analysis of historiographic scientific researches on origin and development of national printed mass media.Ukraineis presented as a country with long-standing traditions of publishing, a country where there are a lot of scientists studying the history of Ukrainian periodicals. Informatization of human activities becomes more and more profound, thorough and complete, and this fact requires constant analysis, assessment of printed products functioning from the point of view of their role in information, scientific, educational and cultural spiritual provision of society. The peculiarity of this revolutionary change forUkrainelies in the fact, that political and social-political changes, connected with obtaining independence and establishing statehood byUkraine: complex and system-defined historiography of publishing in post-industrial period is scantily explored. The undertaken historiographic investigation shows, that scientists were concentrated on searching rather special components of a publication. The author analyzed the existing periodization of mass media development depending on different factors and generalized, systematized and added the results of the existing investigations. The suggested periodization is, on the one hand, the continuation of scientists' analytics, who researched shorter time periods, and, on the other hand, the investigations are supplemented with the analysis of the influence of social and economic factors. Besides, the majority of scientists investigate only their regions, often keeping to their ideological bias, that brings contradictions even in such, at first sight, simple questions as: where the first Ukrainian newspaper was published. The deficiency of unified methodological approach to problems under investigation is clarified. It is proved, that the situation in publishing depends on the pluralism, freedom of speech, well-developed party structures. Complex investigation requires not only knowledge in history, but also in economics, management, ...

In the modern world popular media personalities are becoming the role models for teenagers. Adolescents build parasocial relationships with them and then try to imitate the stale behavior of those media personalities. We do not know for sure which media personalities modern children choose to follow. We also do not know exactly how imitation takes place in parasocial relationships. That is why we set ourselves the goal to investigate the implementation of the mechanism of imitation in parasocial relations of Ukrainian high school students.
In November-December 2020, we surveyed 170 people from 11 regions of Ukraine according to the author's questionnaire "Mechanisms of Parasociality" (Chaplinska-Naidenova). The study raised the question of the formation and functioning of parasocial relations. This article presents its results related to the manifestation of the mechanism of imitation at the level of frequency analysis.
First of all, we found that the most popular types of media people among young people are musicians (31.8 %), bloggers (26.5 %), actors (11.8 %), cartoon characters (5.9 %) and heroes of the series (2.9 %). Secondly, we can state the fact that adolescents do choose the media persona as a role model (64.7 %). Third, imitation can be individual or collective (group). Lastly, the parasocial imitation is based on the child's desire not only to self-identify, but also to take a status position in the reference group through demonstrations of behavior patterns of a successful model (media personalities).
We see the limitations of our study in the fact that issues related to imitation are purely assertive and external in nature and do not reflect differences in the internal experiences or values of respondents under the influence of parasocial relations. We see further perspectives in the study of illusory mechanisms of parasociality.

The article attempts to approbate the theoretical positions of cultural sociology and the "strong program" of cultural-sociological analysis for the study of problems at the crossroads of two subject fields – social inequality and the relations of exclusion / inclusiveness in transitional societies and postponed transit, to which the modern Ukrainian belongs. The scientific and practical necessity of changing the worldview orientations of sociology with the rejection of the old ideas in relation to the secondary and dependent on the basis and social structure of the role of culture is argued. As an intermediate link in understanding the status of culture in public life at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries the possibilities of a sociocultural approach with a balanced ratio of cultural and social are considered. It is shown that in today's conditions a further rethinking of the role and place of culture in the development of societies of different scales – from local to global – with the provision of a culture of primacy in stimulating social change, with the formation of a cultural structure took place. The great cognitive possibilities of modern cultural sociology and its methodical apparatus in studies on the border issues of social inequality and social inclusion with its intermediate states are highlighted. The arguments concerning the feasibility of using the possibilities of cultural sociology in studying the problems of inclusive education and its impacts on social changes are presented. The Case for the demonstration of cognitive and practical possibilities of cultural sociology has chosen the introduction of inclusive education, primarily for people with a health deviance as the most socially unprotected population in the post-communist countries, including Ukraine. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the difficulties and problems of the implementation of inclusive education in the social life of the country. This led to the introduction of the concept of medical inclination as a reflection of the actual state of social inclusion or exclusion in modern day-to-day practices of the population and in the rule-making activity of the state. Since the introduction of inclusive education is described as a process, the possibilities of a "strong program" of cultural-sociological analysis are seen in fixing the degree of legitimacy among the general population and the degree of legitimization in the legislative acts of the state. Also, the means of cultural-sociological analysis allow to record certain social changes in overcoming social inequality as intermediate implications of the introduction of inclusive education. The algorithm is proposed and the components of the "strong program" and "dense description" of the study of inclusive education are presented in accordance with the provisions and principles of J. Alexander's cultural sociology, adapted to the realities of Ukraine.

Confidence in Ukrainian society as an example of post­Soviet societies are influenced by a number of specific conditions. In particular, the transition to a market democracy led to the formation of trust relationships that are limited to family and inner circle person. After the results of the annual monitoring of the Institute of Sociology of NAS of Ukraine show that most respondents trust to reveal themselves and their families. In such circumstances is understandable tendency to form defensive identity with family and close circle, when there is a desire to develop local microstructure, ensuring inclusion. In other words, values and norms that dominate today in Ukrainian society focused on strengthening interpersonal trust within the family and family circle more than on the development of trusting relationships­family type. In this article the theoretical interpretation of the phenomenon of «trust» to a comprehensive study of the concept and a clear statement on social trust. Signs of social trust can be considered in future studies as indicators of social phenomenon of trust and fixed in empirical social research. ; Довіра українського суспільства як прикладу пострадянського типу суспільств формуються під впливом низки специфічних умов. Зокрема, перехід до ринкової демократії спричинив формування довірчих відносин, які обмежуються сім'єю та найближчим оточенням особи. Адже результати щорічного моніторингу Інституту соціології НАН України засвідчують, що найбільшу довіру респонденти виявляють до себе та своєї сім'ї. У таких умовах зрозумілою є тенденція до формування захисної ідентичності із родиною та найближчим оточенням, коли виникає бажання розвивати локальні мікроструктури, що забезпечують включення у суспільство. Розуміння останнього звужується до «своїх». Іншими словами, цінності та норми, які домінують сьогодні в українському суспільстві, орієнтовані на посилення міжособистої довіри у рамках родинно­сімейного кола більшою мірою, аніж на розвиток довірчих відносин позасімейного типу. У даній статті здійснюється теоретична інтерпретація феномена «довіра» з метою комплексного вивчення даного концепту та чіткого формулювання ознак соціальної довіри. Ознаки соціальної довіри можуть розглядатися в подальших соціологічних дослідженнях як індикатори феномена довіри та фіксуватися в емпіричних соціологічних дослідженнях. ; Довіра українського суспільства як прикладу пострадянського типу суспільств формуються під впливом низки специфічних умов. Зокрема, перехід до ринкової демократії спричинив формування довірчих відносин, які обмежуються сім'єю та найближчим оточенням особи. Адже результати щорічного моніторингу Інституту соціології НАН України засвідчують, що найбільшу довіру респонденти виявляють до себе та своєї сім'ї. У таких умовах зрозумілою є тенденція до формування захисної ідентичності із родиною та найближчим оточенням, коли виникає бажання розвивати локальні мікроструктури, що забезпечують включення у суспільство. Розуміння останнього звужується до «своїх». Іншими словами, цінності та норми, які домінують сьогодні в українському суспільстві, орієнтовані на посилення міжособистої довіри у рамках родинно­сімейного кола більшою мірою, аніж на розвиток довірчих відносин позасімейного типу. У даній статті здійснюється теоретична інтерпретація феномена «довіра» з метою комплексного вивчення даного концепту та чіткого формулювання ознак соціальної довіри. Ознаки соціальної довіри можуть розглядатися в подальших соціологічних дослідженнях як індикатори феномена довіри та фіксуватися в емпіричних соціологічних дослідженнях.

The purpose of the study was to highlight the phenomenon of content homogenization in the European media on the example of media reception of Belarusian events.Research methodology. In the process of the research, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation and special scientific method of content monitoring were used. A continuous sample of publications from the 10th of August to the 10th of November 2020, selected by the «Belarus», «Belarusian protests» and «Lukashenko» keywords revealed a tendency of conceptual connection between the post-election events in Belarus and the events of the Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine. The common sampling consisted of the online versions of «Die Welt», «Die Zeit», FAZ; «The Guardian», «The Independent», «The Daily Telegraph» and «Le Monde» newspapers for the specified period.Results. It was found that the events that unfolded in Belarus after the rigged elections are perceived through the prism of «Maidan» and «Revolution of Dignity» concepts. The experience of Ukraine in the Maidan period is broadcast in the discursive field of media representations of protesting Belarus. It is concluded that vertical Europeanization causes content homogenization caused by the European Union media policy, while horizontal Europeanization is a consequence of the traditions of information that have developed in the European media, as well as a product of Western European public sphere. The media manifestations of the differentiation of political Europe into West and East are pointed out, which is due to the effective We / They binary opposition.Novelty. For the first time the peculiarities of media reception of Belarusian events by the European media in the context of content homogenization are presented.Practical significance. The results and conclusions of the study complement the theoretical discourse of the «Social Communications» scientific field, can be used in specialised courses for the «Journalism» specialty.Key words: media policy, content ...

Introduction. This article gives reasons for recognizing the political media discourse a separate discourse type and it also examines linguistic realization of a manipulative function within the political media discourse. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to expose an integrative and complex nature of the political media discourse as a separate discourse type and to identify specificities of linguistic means used within it to exert a manipulative impact on the recipient. Results. The article holds that the political media discourse is a separate discourse type that, similar to any other type of the discourse, is a unity of the process and its result. Integrating typical features of the political and media discourses, it possesses a number of its own specific functional features, the main of which is instrumentality. Instrumentality is immediately connected with anguage – the main means (an instrument) of communication, which explains its paramount significance for formation of political media texts. Linguistic realization of the instrumental function molds in the receiver this or that emotional mood, thus affecting his/her train of thoughts in the way intended by the text producer. If such an impact on the receiver's mind is intentionally covert, it is qualified as manipulative, characteristic of political media texts. A manipulative impact is achieved by the use of pronouns: the personal pronouns "you","we", "they", when realizing their meaning of inclusiveness, create an illusion of positive and objective information; the personal pronouns "we" and "you", when realizing their meaning of generalization, create an illusion of a unified and commonly accepted opinion. A manipulative impact is also achieved by the use of rhetoric questions, declarative sentences used instead of interrogative ones, by the use of different kinds of repetition, by polysyndeton, parcelation, etc. A manipulative impact is a pragmatic effect of the political media text, which results employment of concrete communicative strategies embodied in different nominative, axiological, and rhetoric linguistic means. It is also done by a particular composition of the political media text. Originality. Originality of this article is provided by a complex approach to the analysis of the discourse. The article substantiates the necessity of recognition the political media discourse a separate discourse type and contributes to the discourse analysis, in particular to the studies of its cognitive and pragmatic characteristics. The perspective of the problem under discussion can be seen in the analysis of concrete manipulative techniques used within the political media discourse. Conclusion. Thus, the political media discourse is a separate discourse type that integrates typical features of the political and media discourses; it is a unity of the process and its result. Among its numerous functional features the main is instrumentality, which, from a linguistic perspective, presumes an impact, especially manipulative, on the receiver. Realization of such an impact is achieved by use of different linguistic means: nominative, axiological, and rhetoric

Media education programs for teenagers should be focused on personal development, learning new ways of how to get to know about the holistic world. Despite the fact that there are a lot of opportunities emerging in the world of innovative technologies, children tend to focus their attention on portals and resources that do not require intellectual activity. The following resources, such as computer games, chats, forums and social networks are a source of manipulation, cyberbullying and lies. The article presents the results of the analysis of one of the Ukrainian media projects. Today, with the help of interactivity and the right to choose an independent way of learning information, MediaDriver takes an important place in the media education of teenagers and others. The online guide was created by media and psychology experts, fake and propaganda experts, experienced programmers and photographers. That is why the media platform contains minimum of politics and ideology, and maximum of details and examples. The study outlined the basic requirements for media education manuals, identified the cross-media of the project. The paper analyzes the age and intellectual orientation of the site on the adolescent recipients. The article also points out the main benefits of the portal, including the right to choose, promote and interest, explain without insistence, and focus on critical thinking.

The study analyzes the specificity of creation of media context of HBO "Chernobyl" series (using the example of The New Yorker, The New York Times and The Washington Post). The article defines the tendencies of series` media-reception and its functional features. It was found out that the concept of "Chernobyl" is changing consituationally and is shown as potentially-prolonged actual model. The journalists give the series more political meanings rather than cultural or artistic ones. To investigate American press, the method of analysis and the comparative method were applied. It made possible to find out common and different features of depicting HBO "Chernobyl". With th help of systematic method specific components of "Chernobyl" as media discourse were considered. The novelty of the research is in its attempt to describe the ways media are able to present concepts and change their meanings as well as how it affects the structure of media discourse. The results of the work are important for the understanding of mass media impact on the comprehension of the products of mass culture.