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The study aimed at investigating the level of independence and freedom of the mass media industry in Uganda. It explored the challenges that media professionals practically go through and face in the process of carrying out media work and practicing their professions in Uganda, and secondly, it identified how both the existing and newly proposed laws impact on the mass media freedom in Uganda while drawing from the domestic, national, regional and international laws. Qualitative methods were used in this research with interviews and content Analysis being central. The findings indicate that the mass media in Uganda is still not free as most respondents concurred with what is in the documented reports by HRW, Amnesty International, UHRC, IFEX, CPJ, and HRNJ about media censorship in Uganda. A critical analysis of the various media laws in Uganda revealed that they have not been aligned to regional and international standards. The study, recommends among other things that the government of Uganda should respect freedom of expression as laid down under the constitution, regional and international laws. Secondly, that the media laws in Uganda should be revisited, to meet the regional and international standard by way of repealing clauses that are hostile and unfriendly to free practice of mass media. A self-regulatory media system should be adopted as a way of ensuring less interference by the government in the regulatory process.

This paper describes a qualitative study of how people use their time at work, why they use it this way, and whether their way of using time is optimal for them or their work groups. Results of a nine-month field study of the work practices of a software engineering team revealed that the group's collective use of time perpetuated its members' "time famine," a feeling of having too much to do and not enough time to do it. Engineers had difficulty getting their individual work done because they were constantly interrupted by others. A crisis mentality and a reward system based on individual heroics perpetuated this disruptive way of interacting. Altering the way software engineers used their time at work, however, enhanced their collective productivity. This research points toward a "sociology of work time," a framework integrating individuals' interdependent work patterns and the larger social and temporal contexts. The theoretical and practical implications of a sociology of work time are explored.

To fill the research gap and expand the body of knowledge on the category of expressivity in modern language, the current study investigates the effect of expressive linguistic and paralinguistic means on target audiences of corporate press of different types: clients, business partners and employees. Drawing on insights from approach to expressive means in texts in different functional styles, this article demonstrates how expressive linguistic and paralinguistic means are employed in order to establish a contact with a target audience and facilitate the positive corporate image of the enterprise and its products and services. Corporate magazines which outnumber in total nonrecurrent circulations non-corporate ones and embrace huge audience, are shown as mass media that perform such functions as informing and public opinion formation, typical of non-corporate media. Expressivity in magazines for clients is viewed as a means of goods promotion and clients' loyalty sustainment; in magazines for staff, expressivity is involved in the process of forming a model of employee behavior, thus contributing to company values actualization and staff involvement into their implementation; which enables them to represent the company in the society; whereas in magazines for partners it is used for keeping the readers' attention and influencing their opinion, enhancing the rational assessment of the common professional issues.

The relevance of the study topic is not only due to the very fact of the unauthorized gatherings in Russia on 24 and 31 January and 2 February, in which many young people, including minors, took part. The protests were inspired by the "Western mentors" of the Russian non-systemic opposition. It is equally important to understand the underlying reasons for the high involvement of young people in the protests in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Western sanctions regime that has been running for seven years. The objective of the study is to analyze the causes, anatomy, technologies, and forms of protest representations of contemporary youth in Russia. The authors focus on the behavioral patterns of young people, the mechanism and content of which are now forming in the Internet space with the help of social networks. The means of recognizing social reality, markers of evaluation and its interpretation by the youth audience, and an algorithm for action are set by the Internet and social networks. Today, in many ways, Western digital giants determine the media consumption patterns, media behavior, and social practices of Russian youth. In this situation, it is important for the Russian state not to restrict access to the Internet but rather to shape a high political media culture among modern youth.

This chapter examines the extent to which public service media can constitute a countermeasure to ongoing developments in the media market, media regulation, and journalism professionalism, some of which threaten the ideal role of the media in a democracy. Within the concept of a media ecology and with respect to the overarching dimensions of the Media for Democracy Monitor (MDM) project – Freedom / Information, Equality / Interest Mediation, and Control / Watchdog – we ask whether public service media make a difference for democracy. The findings are related to the question of whether strong public service media have an influence on the performance of other media. We consider this question – if the media sector is characterised by convergence or divergence – and compare countries with robust public service media with countries that have traditionally weak public service media. From this, we conclude that public service media are relevant for democracy due to their performance and their impact on the general media ecology.

The article examines the sociological construct of the profession and its varieties in the theoretical and methodological context.Proven that there is an eclectic understanding of the profession as a social phenomenon: the main feature is not enough careful attention of scientists to the isolation from the labor activity of a person of concepts: profession, occupation, qualification, position, working place, profession, specialization. Takes place a small number of studies of the structure of professions; unclear prospect of studying the subject of sociology of professions with different interpretations of the conceptual apparatus etc.

Das gemeinsame epistemologische Ziel interpretativer Soziologie ist die Rekonstruktion von Sinn. Grundsätzliche interne Differenzen zeigen sich in der jeweiligen theoretischen Antwort auf die Frage, wo Sinn ursprünglich entsteht. Innerhalb der deutschen Soziologie haben sich translokale institutionelle Schwerpunkte der interpretativen Soziologie vor allem in Form a) der Arbeitsgruppe "Methoden der qualitativen Sozialforschung", b) der Sektion "Biographieforschung", c) der Sektion "Wissenssoziologie" (ehemals "Sprachsoziologie") und d) des Vereins "Objektive Hermeneutik" etabliert. Die zentralen theoretischen und methodologischen Fragestellungen und Antworten dieser unterschiedlichen Richtungen werden beschrieben, wobei auch dargelegt wird, welche Entwicklungen im Ausland initiiert wurden und welche für die deutsche Soziologie charakteristisch sind.

Citizens in democracies enjoy freedom of speech and expression. This unit discusses the significant role of the mass and social media in contemporary societies. It argues that the media give citizens and politicians a space where they can share their ideas and perhaps protest against injustices and wrong policies. The media also help in keeping the people's representatives and leaders accountable. The new social media have penetrated deeper into our social lives and, thereby, they have become extremely important in democracies. ; N/A

Introduction: Towards a Sociology of the Everyday in Brunei Darussalam -- Traditional Malay Marriage Ceremonies in Brunei Darussalam: Between -- Halal Certification in Brunei Darussalam: Bureaucratisation in Everyday Life -- Youth Religiosity and Social Media in Brunei Darussalam -- Food Choices and the Malay Muslim Middle Class in Brunei Darussalam -- Learning Gender in a Malay Muslim Society in Brunei Darussalam -- Older Malay Muslim Women in Brunei Darussalam: A Non-Western Conception of Aging -- Domestic Maids (Amah) in Malay Households in Brunei Darussalam -- Pengangun: Female Ritual Specialists for Malay Weddings in Brunei Darussalam -- Belonging and Unbelonging in Kampong Ayer, Brunei Darussalam -- The Sociocultural Significance of Homeownership in Brunei Darussalam -- Merantau: The Worldview and Praxis of Javanese Migrants in Brunei Darussalam -- Negotiating Assimilation and Hybridity: The Identity of Chinese-Malays in Brunei Darussalam -- Zoomers in Brunei Darussalam: Language Use, Social Interaction and Identity -- From Migrants to Citizens: The Iban of Melilas Longhouse, Brunei Darussalam.

More than simply tools used by social movements to reach other substantive aims, media are increasingly becoming subjects of activism. This article contributes to advancing understanding of such media-focused activism through a case study of the World Forum of Free Media, a thematic forum for media activists and media advocacy organisations linked to the World Social Forum. Based on qualitative research conducted between 2008 and 2016 -including participant observation, in-depth interviews and textual analysis- the article critically explores the extent to which the World Forum of Free Media can be considered a 'free media' movement in the making, and examines some of the challenges and contradictions that such a movement-building project entails. Drawing on social movement theory, specifically the concept of collective identity, it analyses efforts by forum organisers to mobilise a very diverse range of actors -from alternative media activists to policy- and advocacy NGOs- around a plural and inclusive "free media" identity. While the World Forum of Free Media has to some extent succeeded in facilitating convergence around a set of core principles and ideas, it has so far struggled to develop a clear outwards-facing identity and mobilise a broad grassroots base.

This introduction to a special issue outlines the significance of Randall Collins's contribution to sociology. The first section briefly reviews Collins's main books and assesses their impact on social science. The second section offers a summary overview of the papers that comprise the special issue.