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The article analyzes the relevance, factors and prospects of the transformation of modern sociological science. It is noted that digital technologies significantly change the fundamental foundations of social interaction, most everyday social practices, structures and conflicts. This poses a number of serious challenges to sociology as a science. It is emphasized that it is time to think deeply not only about the problem of transformation of what sociology studies, but also about the transformation of sociology itself as a specific intellectual practice. Attention is focused on the need for sociological analysis and interpretation of large-scale and long-term social processes, changes in the traditional way of sociology's participation in the formation of state social policy and the implementation of social reforms. Endogenous factors hindering the leadership of sociological science in the modern public intellectual discourse are identified, namely: fragmentation of sociology, its division into a huge number of directions, particular, local thematizations; lack of research attention of sociologists to the fundamental problems of social life; modern sociology does not form an agenda for public intellectual discourse and scientific research, does not define the problematic field of research and interpretation both at the microsocial level and at the level of societal and global phenomena; it is not socially engaged, does not engage in dialogic interaction with various groups of the public, does not help them to realize their values, interests and problems, to fight for their solution; sociologists do not show activity in related research areas (for example, such as social communications, public relations, advertising, marketing, political consulting, conflict studies), do not use for this a rich arsenal of sociological theoretical concepts, quantitative and qualitative methods; despite the mediatization of social life, sociology is not sufficiently media-based, it is extremely weakly present in the media space. A conclusion is formulated about the need to transform sociological thinking and sociological imagination, the need for serious changes in the educational programs of professional training of students, in particular their practical component, the search for new formats of professional communication.

Discussed the circumstances connected with the modernization of the structure of sociological knowledge. The deployment of thoughts carried out in the context of clarifying ways to modernize the structure of sociological knowledge, the emergence of new research directions and identifying the essence of institutionalization of sociology of the army as an alternative to the military or military sociology.Keywords: structure of sociological knowledge, the modernization of science, sociology of the army, spheres approach, institutional approach. ; Обговорено обставини, пов'язані з модернізацією структури соціологічного знання. Розгортання думок здійснено у контексті з'ясування способів модернізації структури соціологічного знання, становлення нових напрямів дослідження та виявлення сутності інституціоналізації соціології армії як альтернативи військовій чи воєнній соціології.Ключові слова: структури соціологічного знання, модернізація науки, соціологія армії, сферний підхід, інституційний підхід.

The article attempts to approbate the theoretical positions of cultural sociology and the "strong program" of cultural-sociological analysis for the study of problems at the crossroads of two subject fields – social inequality and the relations of exclusion / inclusiveness in transitional societies and postponed transit, to which the modern Ukrainian belongs. The scientific and practical necessity of changing the worldview orientations of sociology with the rejection of the old ideas in relation to the secondary and dependent on the basis and social structure of the role of culture is argued. As an intermediate link in understanding the status of culture in public life at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries the possibilities of a sociocultural approach with a balanced ratio of cultural and social are considered. It is shown that in today's conditions a further rethinking of the role and place of culture in the development of societies of different scales – from local to global – with the provision of a culture of primacy in stimulating social change, with the formation of a cultural structure took place. The great cognitive possibilities of modern cultural sociology and its methodical apparatus in studies on the border issues of social inequality and social inclusion with its intermediate states are highlighted. The arguments concerning the feasibility of using the possibilities of cultural sociology in studying the problems of inclusive education and its impacts on social changes are presented. The Case for the demonstration of cognitive and practical possibilities of cultural sociology has chosen the introduction of inclusive education, primarily for people with a health deviance as the most socially unprotected population in the post-communist countries, including Ukraine. At the same time, emphasis was placed on the difficulties and problems of the implementation of inclusive education in the social life of the country. This led to the introduction of the concept of medical inclination as a reflection of the actual state of social inclusion or exclusion in modern day-to-day practices of the population and in the rule-making activity of the state. Since the introduction of inclusive education is described as a process, the possibilities of a "strong program" of cultural-sociological analysis are seen in fixing the degree of legitimacy among the general population and the degree of legitimization in the legislative acts of the state. Also, the means of cultural-sociological analysis allow to record certain social changes in overcoming social inequality as intermediate implications of the introduction of inclusive education. The algorithm is proposed and the components of the "strong program" and "dense description" of the study of inclusive education are presented in accordance with the provisions and principles of J. Alexander's cultural sociology, adapted to the realities of Ukraine.

Confidence in Ukrainian society as an example of post­Soviet societies are influenced by a number of specific conditions. In particular, the transition to a market democracy led to the formation of trust relationships that are limited to family and inner circle person. After the results of the annual monitoring of the Institute of Sociology of NAS of Ukraine show that most respondents trust to reveal themselves and their families. In such circumstances is understandable tendency to form defensive identity with family and close circle, when there is a desire to develop local microstructure, ensuring inclusion. In other words, values and norms that dominate today in Ukrainian society focused on strengthening interpersonal trust within the family and family circle more than on the development of trusting relationships­family type. In this article the theoretical interpretation of the phenomenon of «trust» to a comprehensive study of the concept and a clear statement on social trust. Signs of social trust can be considered in future studies as indicators of social phenomenon of trust and fixed in empirical social research. ; Довіра українського суспільства як прикладу пострадянського типу суспільств формуються під впливом низки специфічних умов. Зокрема, перехід до ринкової демократії спричинив формування довірчих відносин, які обмежуються сім'єю та найближчим оточенням особи. Адже результати щорічного моніторингу Інституту соціології НАН України засвідчують, що найбільшу довіру респонденти виявляють до себе та своєї сім'ї. У таких умовах зрозумілою є тенденція до формування захисної ідентичності із родиною та найближчим оточенням, коли виникає бажання розвивати локальні мікроструктури, що забезпечують включення у суспільство. Розуміння останнього звужується до «своїх». Іншими словами, цінності та норми, які домінують сьогодні в українському суспільстві, орієнтовані на посилення міжособистої довіри у рамках родинно­сімейного кола більшою мірою, аніж на розвиток довірчих відносин позасімейного типу. У даній статті здійснюється теоретична інтерпретація феномена «довіра» з метою комплексного вивчення даного концепту та чіткого формулювання ознак соціальної довіри. Ознаки соціальної довіри можуть розглядатися в подальших соціологічних дослідженнях як індикатори феномена довіри та фіксуватися в емпіричних соціологічних дослідженнях. ; Довіра українського суспільства як прикладу пострадянського типу суспільств формуються під впливом низки специфічних умов. Зокрема, перехід до ринкової демократії спричинив формування довірчих відносин, які обмежуються сім'єю та найближчим оточенням особи. Адже результати щорічного моніторингу Інституту соціології НАН України засвідчують, що найбільшу довіру респонденти виявляють до себе та своєї сім'ї. У таких умовах зрозумілою є тенденція до формування захисної ідентичності із родиною та найближчим оточенням, коли виникає бажання розвивати локальні мікроструктури, що забезпечують включення у суспільство. Розуміння останнього звужується до «своїх». Іншими словами, цінності та норми, які домінують сьогодні в українському суспільстві, орієнтовані на посилення міжособистої довіри у рамках родинно­сімейного кола більшою мірою, аніж на розвиток довірчих відносин позасімейного типу. У даній статті здійснюється теоретична інтерпретація феномена «довіра» з метою комплексного вивчення даного концепту та чіткого формулювання ознак соціальної довіри. Ознаки соціальної довіри можуть розглядатися в подальших соціологічних дослідженнях як індикатори феномена довіри та фіксуватися в емпіричних соціологічних дослідженнях.

The article raises the question of finding methodological, methodical, categorical foundation for a new direction for the Ukrainian Sociology - Sociology of war. Given the general outlines of the industry sociological knowledge: the nature, objects, features, main directions of transformation qualitatively new trends of armed struggle, the consequences of military action in the context of the events that take place at the Donbas. It is proved that the war as a social phenomenon has two dialectically related parties: the socio-political and military-technical. The first shows you who and what is in the name of military action, and the second reflects the material and human resources that are used in the war. It is alleged that the anti-terrorist operation has long been turned into a so-called «hybrid» war on its members and methods of warfare. The major component of this war is information warfare, which are in the process of simulacra, having nothing to do with reality, but to destroy and deform the minds of millions of people. ; В статье осуществляется поиск методологической, методической и категориальной основы нового для украинской социологии направления – социологии войны. Представляются общие характеристики этой отрасли социологического знания: объект, предмет, функции, направления исследований и т.д. Подчеркивается, что актуализация социологии войны на отечественной почве обусловливается необходимостью научного анализа качественно новых тенденций вооруженной борьбы, причин и последствий военных действий в контексте тех событий, которые проходят на Донбассе. Обосновывается, что война как социальное явление имеет две диалектически связанные стороны: социально-политическую и военно-техническую. Первая определяет, кто и во имя чего ведет военные действия, а вторая отражает те материальные и человеческие ресурсы, которые используются в войне. Утверждается, что антитеррористическая операция по своим участникам и методам ведения боевых действий уже давно переросла в так называемую «гибридную» войну. Важнейшей составляющей этой войны является информационная борьба, в процессе которой создаются симулякры, не имеющие ничего общего с реальной действительностью, но существенно влияющие на сознание миллионов людей, зомбируя их. ; У статті здійснюється пошук методологічної, методичної та категоріальної основи нового для української соціології напрямку - соціології війни. Надається загальна характеристика цієї галузі соціологічного знання: її об'єкт, предмет, функції тощо. Підкреслюється, що актуалізація соціології війни на вітчизняному грунті зумовлюється необхідністю наукового аналізу якісно нових тенденцій збройної боротьби, причин та наслідків військових дій у контексті тих подій, що відбуваються на Донбасі. Зазначається, що війна як соціальне явище має дві діалектично пов'язані сторони: соціально-політичну і військово-технічну. Перша визначає, хто і в ім'я чого веде військові дії, а друга відображає ті матеріальні та людські ресурси, які використовуються у війні. Стверджується, що антитерористична операція за своїми учасниками і методами ведення бойових дій вже давно переросла у так звану «гібридну» війну. Найважливішою складовою цієї війни є інформаційна боротьба, в процесі якої створюються симулякри, які не мають нічого спільного з реальною дійсністю, але суттєво впливають на свідомість мільйонів людей, зомбуючи їх.

Problem setting. Humanity entered the era of globalization, which is characterized by a number of factors - national economies have melded into a single global system where the capital can easily move, new information opportunities have made the world more open, the technological revolution has led to a qualitative change in the means of production and consumption, the planetary scientific revolution has become a reality; developed industrial countries are striving to liberalization of the movement of goods and capital, the world is moving closer together on the basis of modern means of communication; new international social movements, new modes of transport, new telecommunication technologies are being implemented, education is being internationalized. However, all these innovations have not made the issue of war less burning. World society has faced the trend of increasing wars and armed conflicts in the world over the past decades and in the total number of killed and injured have grown as a result of hostilities.Recent research and publications analysis. Numerous works written on the target topic indicate that the issues of war as a specific phenomenon in the life of human society have always been and remain in the focus of attention of thinkers, scientists, researchers of the past and the present time. In particular, the thorough analysis of the essence, content, forms of war, its features and laws have been carried out in the works written by V. F. Hegel, F. Engels, C. von Clausewitz, B. Liddel-Hart, N. Machiavelli, V. Mandragel, H. von Moltke, C. Moscos, J. Friedman, F. Fukuyama, S. Huntington, R. Aron, K. Hajiyev, M. Gareev, V. Slipchenko, V. Smolyanyuk, E. Toffler, M. Trebin, I. Panarin, V. Serebryannikov and so on.Paper objective. The goal of this paper is to specify the historical background of the formation of modern sociology of war.Paper main body. The article deals with the views on the war in a historical perspective, focuses on the methodological grounds of the armed confrontation, which started after the Second World War when the most developed countries developed a powerful military-industrial complex dominating in politics and economics. Potential opponents sought to overtake each other, to shift the developed military-strategic parity pursuing own benefit. They begin to develop nuclear missile weapons, which radically changed the concept of war over a short time. Due to the increase in the power of nuclear weapons, the leading authorities in the world military sphere and subsequently the military-political leaders of the countries-members of the nuclear club gradually started to understand that one of the long-term tasks is to contain the use of nuclear weapons by the enemy.The article emphasizes that the late 1950s - early 1960s are characterized by a significant increase in attention to the theoretical problems of war and peace. This is due to the creation of the military-political blocs of NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Since then many publications have appeared which focus the primacy of politics over the military sphere. Military theorists understand that the outbreak of war to solve political goals could lead to irreversible consequences. At the end of the 20th century with the beginning of globalization, many concepts arose to search for the causes of wars. The confrontation of the West with the rest of the world in the face of growing multi-polarity can become a cause of war and conflict at the beginning of the third millennium.The article also highlights the concept of mutiny war, which is seen as a new form of armed conflict, in which the future wars would be waged by small terrorist cells and special forces, gaining influence by subversion and organised revolutions rather than through traditional warfare.Conclusions of the research. Numerous theoretical and practical issues related to determining the laws of war, its essence and features as well as to transforming the goals, scope, nature and means of armed struggle and the importance of the human factor for the consequences of hostilities for a particular country and humanity as a whole should be considered on the basis of recognizing the fact that the phenomenon of war is eternal, inevitable and unavoidable. The views and concepts that were formed in the second half of the 20th century have not rejected and condemned armed violence but also approved and legitimized it, adapted to the needs of foreign policy and even have rationalized it. Political and military leaders have sought to make people consider the war in all its forms and violence as a common phenomenon that states and people can tolerate in their relations. The probability of using armed violence in the system of the modern world order can easily become a reality. ; В статье осуществлена попытка определения исторических предпосылок современной социологии войны, раскрываются особенности взглядов исследователей второй половины XX века на сущность и роль войны как явление допустимое в отношениях между народами и государствами. Дается обзор ряда концепций относительно определения причин войн в конце ХХ века. ; У статті робиться спроба пошуку історичних передумов сучасної соціології війни, визначаються особливості поглядів до слідників другої половини XX ст. на сутність та роль війни як явище, допустиме у відносинах між народами і державами. Надається огляд низки концепцій щодо пошуку причинності війн наприкінці ХХ ст.

Problem setting. Humanity entered the era of globalization, which is characterized by a number of factors - national economies have melded into a single global system where the capital can easily move, new information opportunities have made the world more open, the technological revolution has led to a qualitative change in the means of production and consumption, the planetary scientific revolution has become a reality; developed industrial countries are striving to liberalization of the movement of goods and capital, the world is moving closer together on the basis of modern means of communication; new international social movements, new modes of transport, new telecommunication technologies are being implemented, education is being internationalized. However, all these innovations have not made the issue of war less burning. World society has faced the trend of increasing wars and armed conflicts in the world over the past decades and in the total number of killed and injured have grown as a result of hostilities.Recent research and publications analysis. Numerous works written on the target topic indicate that the issues of war as a specific phenomenon in the life of human society have always been and remain in the focus of attention of thinkers, scientists, researchers of the past and the present time. In particular, the thorough analysis of the essence, content, forms of war, its features and laws have been carried out in the works written by V. F. Hegel, F. Engels, C. von Clausewitz, B. Liddel-Hart, N. Machiavelli, V. Mandragel, H. von Moltke, C. Moscos, J. Friedman, F. Fukuyama, S. Huntington, R. Aron, K. Hajiyev, M. Gareev, V. Slipchenko, V. Smolyanyuk, E. Toffler, M. Trebin, I. Panarin, V. Serebryannikov and so on.Paper objective. The goal of this paper is to specify the historical background of the formation of modern sociology of war.Paper main body. The article deals with the views on the war in a historical perspective, focuses on the methodological grounds of the armed confrontation, which started after the Second World War when the most developed countries developed a powerful military-industrial complex dominating in politics and economics. Potential opponents sought to overtake each other, to shift the developed military-strategic parity pursuing own benefit. They begin to develop nuclear missile weapons, which radically changed the concept of war over a short time. Due to the increase in the power of nuclear weapons, the leading authorities in the world military sphere and subsequently the military-political leaders of the countries-members of the nuclear club gradually started to understand that one of the long-term tasks is to contain the use of nuclear weapons by the enemy.The article emphasizes that the late 1950s - early 1960s are characterized by a significant increase in attention to the theoretical problems of war and peace. This is due to the creation of the military-political blocs of NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Since then many publications have appeared which focus the primacy of politics over the military sphere. Military theorists understand that the outbreak of war to solve political goals could lead to irreversible consequences. At the end of the 20th century with the beginning of globalization, many concepts arose to search for the causes of wars. The confrontation of the West with the rest of the world in the face of growing multi-polarity can become a cause of war and conflict at the beginning of the third millennium.The article also highlights the concept of mutiny war, which is seen as a new form of armed conflict, in which the future wars would be waged by small terrorist cells and special forces, gaining influence by subversion and organised revolutions rather than through traditional warfare.Conclusions of the research. Numerous theoretical and practical issues related to determining the laws of war, its essence and features as well as to transforming the goals, scope, nature and means of armed struggle and the importance of the human factor for the consequences of hostilities for a particular country and humanity as a whole should be considered on the basis of recognizing the fact that the phenomenon of war is eternal, inevitable and unavoidable. The views and concepts that were formed in the second half of the 20th century have not rejected and condemned armed violence but also approved and legitimized it, adapted to the needs of foreign policy and even have rationalized it. Political and military leaders have sought to make people consider the war in all its forms and violence as a common phenomenon that states and people can tolerate in their relations. The probability of using armed violence in the system of the modern world order can easily become a reality. ; В статье осуществлена попытка определения исторических предпосылок современной социологии войны, раскрываются особенности взглядов исследователей второй половины XX века на сущность и роль войны как явление допустимое в отношениях между народами и государствами. Дается обзор ряда концепций относительно определения причин войн в конце ХХ века. ; У статті робиться спроба пошуку історичних передумов сучасної соціології війни, визначаються особливості поглядів до слідників другої половини XX ст. на сутність та роль війни як явище, допустиме у відносинах між народами і державами. Надається огляд низки концепцій щодо пошуку причинності війн наприкінці ХХ ст.

The article has indicated the limits in the field of the sociology of intellectuals, philosophical analysis of this phenomenon was provided. It was shown a number of approaches to the study of the intellectual class in connection with its modifications in the twentieth century. Sociology of intellectuals, like its subject, has a very colorful history. It is true that when we are talking about the intellectuals the first thing that could come to our minds is the phenomena of French intellectuals, where the Dreyfus affair, which marked the emergence of new social group vested with the great influence in the society. Thenceforward, the term «intellectual» became of common, yet sometimes derogatory usage. The turning point of that times was the 4500-word article, published in the «L'Aurore» newspaper in January 1898 by Emile Zola and headlined «J'Accuse…!» – an open letter to the President Faure, defending unfairly convicted captain Alfred Dreyfus. In was the moment of great intellectual consolidation of philosophers, journalists, writers and other elite representatives in their struggle not just against the anti-Semitism, but struggle for justice, truth and rights for all the members of society that could not be discarded by the tradition and authority of the government any more. Later on the brilliant thoughts on intellectuals and their role were spoken by famous XX century French philosophers: Jean Paul Sartre, Michelle Foucault, Raymond Aron, Pierre Bourdieu and lots of others. Forexample, Sartre, stated in his article for the defense of the intellectuals, that that being specialists in some fields, they are always invading the fields out of their competence, bearing the universal system of values. The term is also equally well used in the Western and Eastern worlds, sometimes emerging from the facing the affairs that are analogous to the Dreyfus case. The turning point for the field of the sociology of intellectuals was the book «The Treason of the Intellectuals» by Julien Benda. Author's concerns were about his vision of the final decline of intellectuals as a class. However, despite the literary preferences and apocalyptic tone in his book, the main themes have been focused on the approach in sociology of intellectuals, considering them as a class. Intellectuals can develop common interests that put them apart from other groups in society, sometimes concentrating around those interests, and sometimes giving up any of its organization and being on the margins of the society. On other hand, Pierre Bourdieu believes that despite common interests, intellectuals are not always prone to collective action and only in certain moments of history they are exempt from political pessimism of pure culture and hypocritical involvement in politics, appear to protect its own interests, the best example of which is the Dreyfus affair. Therefore, we considered several approaches that have appeared in the twentieth century in the sociology of intellectuals, though they certainly do not exhaust the scope of such a controversial subject of philosophical investigation. It was shown on the paradigmatic significance of «The Treason of the Intellectuals» by J. Benda, as the first comprehensive philosophical reflection that became fundamental to sociology of intellectuals. The approaches that were described in the article should be borne in mind at least to avoid terminological controversy. In addition, intellectual communication takes place by means of media environment, the development of which has led to fundamental changes in our understanding of intellectuals and modern access to information undermines the credibility of the «classic» intellectuals as a class, but in any case, the request for them is not yet lost in the society, and therefore such research is still quite relevant.Keywords: sociology of intellectuals, science, society, the elite, the cultural capital, the class identity. ; У статті окреслено межі галузі соціології інтелектуалів, надано філософський аналіз цього явища. Висвітлено декілька підходів у дослідженні класу інтелектуалів у зв'язку з його видозмінами у ХХ столітті.Ключові слова: соціологія інтелектуалів, наука, суспільство, еліта, культурний капітал, класова ідентичність.В статье обозначены пределы области социологии интеллектуалов, предоставлено философский анализ этого явления. Освещены несколько подходов в исследовании класса интеллектуалов в связи с его видоизменениями в ХХ веке.Ключевые слова: социология интеллектуалов, наука, общество, элита, культурный капитал, классовая идентичность.The article has indicated the limits in the field of the sociology of intellectuals, philosophical analysis of this phenomenon was provided. It was shown a number of approaches to the study of the intellectual class in connection with its modifications in the twentieth century. Sociology of intellectuals, like its subject, has a very colorful history. It is true that when we are talking about the intellectuals the first thing that could come to our minds is the phenomena of French intellectuals, where the Dreyfus affair, which marked the emergence of new social group vested with the great influence in the society. Thenceforward, the term «intellectual» became of common, yet sometimes derogatory usage. The turning point of that times was the 4500-word article, published in the «L'Aurore» newspaper in January 1898 by Emile Zola and headlined «J'Accuse…!» – an open letter to the President Faure, defending unfairly convicted captain Alfred Dreyfus. In was the moment of great intellectual consolidation of philosophers, journalists, writers and other elite representatives in their struggle not just against the anti-Semitism, but struggle for justice, truth and rights for all the members of society that could not be discarded by the tradition and authority of the government any more. Later on the brilliant thoughts on intellectuals and their role were spoken by famous XX century French philosophers: Jean Paul Sartre, Michelle Foucault, Raymond Aron, Pierre Bourdieu and lots of others. Forexample, Sartre, stated in his article for the defense of the intellectuals, that that being specialists in some fields, they are always invading the fields out of their competence, bearing the universal system of values. The term is also equally well used in the Western and Eastern worlds, sometimes emerging from the facing the affairs that are analogous to the Dreyfus case. The turning point for the field of the sociology of intellectuals was the book «The Treason of the Intellectuals» by Julien Benda. Author's concerns were about his vision of the final decline of intellectuals as a class. However, despite the literary preferences and apocalyptic tone in his book, the main themes have been focused on the approach in sociology of intellectuals, considering them as a class. Intellectuals can develop common interests that put them apart from other groups in society, sometimes concentrating around those interests, and sometimes giving up any of its organization and being on the margins of the society. On other hand, Pierre Bourdieu believes that despite common interests, intellectuals are not always prone to collective action and only in certain moments of history they are exempt from political pessimism of pure culture and hypocritical involvement in politics, appear to protect its own interests, the best example of which is the Dreyfus affair. Therefore, we considered several approaches that have appeared in the twentieth century in the sociology of intellectuals, though they certainly do not exhaust the scope of such a controversial subject of philosophical investigation. It was shown on the paradigmatic significance of «The Treason of the Intellectuals» by J. Benda, as the first comprehensive philosophical reflection that became fundamental to sociology of intellectuals. The approaches that were described in the article should be borne in mind at least to avoid terminological controversy. In addition, intellectual communication takes place by means of media environment, the development of which has led to fundamental changes in our understanding of intellectuals and modern access to information undermines the credibility of the «classic» intellectuals as a class, but in any case, the request for them is not yet lost in the society, and therefore such research is still quite relevant.Keywords: sociology of intellectuals, science, society, the elite, the cultural capital, the class identity.

Introduction. The analysis of new religious movements (NRMs), identification of the defects in the religious typology and classification of native faith as "neo-religion" are conducted by the author. The research shows the diversity of the followers purposes' of traditional and new religious movements and their ideological systems (national – international), reveals the opposites of these religions in terms of the world and God/Gods (natural – artificial; mythological – historical, polytheism – monotheism, immanence – transcendence), etc., which enabled the author to find out the criteria for religious classifications. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to clear up the basic principles of theology, ideals, and ideologies of New Age and native faith of the Slavs, to determine their fundamental opposition. It's logically motivated the fallacy of classification the native faith to "neo-paganism" as a segment of NRMs. Results. It is concluded that native faith was and still is a traditional autochthonous natural religion of the Ukrainians, which has long existed in hidden forms in parallel with the official Christianity. Only in a democratic society it has been given the possibility of its revival as officially recognized ethno-religious (national) confession. On the example of the creation of NRM, the author states the use of the methods of manipulation with human consciousness that have the features of "religious weapons" as one of the tools of information war. Originality and conclusion. There is an urgent need for state's awareness of the fact of total world informational war to create its own self-protective philosophy of antiglobalism. So in this philosophy a significant importance will be given to scientific developments of native faith and ideology of national self-preservation to prevent the foreign intervention in autochthonous spiritual culture.

The article reveals the heuristic potential of the sociological concept of social activity developed by the founder of the Kharkov Sociological School E. A. Yakuba in the 1960- 1980s. Based on historical and sociological material and conceptual analysis, the author demonstrates the potential of this concept from the sociology of knowledge perspective. He analyzes a number of related categories and problems that are introduced by E. A. Yakuba to discuss the problems of social activity. It is emphasized that the elected by E. A. Yakuba position allows to study and measure social activity in detail (that is, answer the question "how?"), However, it is the sociology of knowledge that gives a chance to study the sociogenesis and ontogenesis of social activity (that is, answer the question "why?"). The definition, systemic connections and methods of operationalization and indication of social activity proposed by E. A. Yakuba are given and analyzed. A separate emphasis is placed on the analysis of how the category of "social activity" is associated with the category of "subjectivity". The most important plot is the connection of the social essence of activity, that is, its inclusion in the sociality of the individual as a connection with the social whole. The evolution of the views of E. A. Yakuba on these categories, as well as their relationship with social maturity, activity, personality, is investigated. The possibilities of the sociology of knowledge in synthesizing various aspects of E. A. Yakuba approach are explored. Particular emphasis is placed on the consistency of E. A. Yakuba's theory, and also the limitations and specifics of the (often implicit) influence of Marxism on its development have been studied. The conclusion about the possibilities and limitations of updating the concept of "social activity" in a sociological-knowledge reassembling of E. A. Yakuba's theory is formulated.

The paper analyzes the characteristics of a global culture that seeks to complex interlocking "associated processes: economic, cultural, technological, political, environmentally. A fundamental theme is the concept of "global culture" that could be used to sense the presence of globalization in culture, life, etc, but does not set a single, integrated, standardized culture, which replaced the national culture.Keywords: globalization, global culture, glokalizatsiya, multiculture, Western culture. ; У статті проведено аналіз особливостей глобальної культури, яка спрямована на низку взаємопов'язаних процесів: економічних, культурних, технологічних, політичних, інвайроментальних. Центральним є поняття "глобальна культура", яку може вживатися у розумінні наявності процесів глобалізації у сферах культури, дозвілля, побуту тощо, але не у розумінні встановлення єдиної, інтегрованої, стандартної культури, що заміщує національні культури.Ключові слова: глобалізація, глобальна культура, глокалізація, мультикультур-ність, Західна культура.

У статті автор корoтко простежує модерну історію соціології релігії і показує, що теорія раціонального вибору докорінно змінила парадигму постсекулярної соціології релігії, ставши однією з провідних для наукового середовища. Але її критика не дає змоги повноцінно застосувати теорію до неамериканських суспільств, а також проаналізувати вплив соціальних чинників на сприйняття релігії як особисто, так і колективно. Розгляд названої теорії в контексті останніх подій в Україні 2013-2016 рр. дає змогу окреслити перспективи її імплементації. ; В статье автор коротко обозревает модерную историю социологии религии и показывает, что теория рационального выбора в корне изменила парадигму постсекулярной социологии религии, став одной из передовых для научной среды. Но ее критика не дает возможности полноценно применить ее к неамериканским обществам, а также проанализировать влияние социальных факторов на восприятие религии как лично, так и коллективно. Рассмотрение данной теории в контексте последних событий в Украине 2013-2016 гг. дает возможность посмотреть на перспективы ее применения. ; The theory of rational choice of religion became one of the leading for scientific world, by total changing paradigm of postsecular sociology of religion. But its critics does not give to us any possibility apply it fully to non-american societies, and also analyze the impact of social factors on perception of religion personally and by collective. The problem is taking into account many other factors that also have a place in modern forms of conflict. Consideration of this theory in a context of latest events in Ukraine 2013-2016 gives us possibility to look on perspectives of its implementation.A more detailed analysis shows the lack of a theory to explain the multifaceted conflict that is present in Ukraine, what means that researcher need more theoretical background to explain new phenomena. The presence of religious component in a social and political conflict creates more difficult conditions for in-depth analysis and finding root causes of primary conflict. Still theory of rational choice of religion explains part of the trends that emerged two years ago and continue to develop in the Ukrainian society. Since the first revolution and later open armed conflict led to the transition of society in another dimension, placing new challenges and tasks, but bared old problems and latent conflicts, especially in religious organizations and groups.

У статті автор корoтко простежує модерну історію соціології релігії і показує, що теорія раціонального вибору докорінно змінила парадигму постсекулярної соціології релігії, ставши однією з провідних для наукового середовища. Але її критика не дає змоги повноцінно застосувати теорію до неамериканських суспільств, а також проаналізувати вплив соціальних чинників на сприйняття релігії як особисто, так і колективно. Розгляд названої теорії в контексті останніх подій в Україні 2013-2016 рр. дає змогу окреслити перспективи її імплементації. ; В статье автор коротко обозревает модерную историю социологии религии и показывает, что теория рационального выбора в корне изменила парадигму постсекулярной социологии религии, став одной из передовых для научной среды. Но ее критика не дает возможности полноценно применить ее к неамериканским обществам, а также проанализировать влияние социальных факторов на восприятие религии как лично, так и коллективно. Рассмотрение данной теории в контексте последних событий в Украине 2013-2016 гг. дает возможность посмотреть на перспективы ее применения. ; The theory of rational choice of religion became one of the leading for scientific world, by total changing paradigm of postsecular sociology of religion. But its critics does not give to us any possibility apply it fully to non-american societies, and also analyze the impact of social factors on perception of religion personally and by collective. The problem is taking into account many other factors that also have a place in modern forms of conflict. Consideration of this theory in a context of latest events in Ukraine 2013-2016 gives us possibility to look on perspectives of its implementation.A more detailed analysis shows the lack of a theory to explain the multifaceted conflict that is present in Ukraine, what means that researcher need more theoretical background to explain new phenomena. The presence of religious component in a social and political conflict creates more difficult conditions for in-depth analysis and finding root causes of primary conflict. Still theory of rational choice of religion explains part of the trends that emerged two years ago and continue to develop in the Ukrainian society. Since the first revolution and later open armed conflict led to the transition of society in another dimension, placing new challenges and tasks, but bared old problems and latent conflicts, especially in religious organizations and groups.

The paper identifies specifics transition of military identity in the context of alternation theories of P. Berger and T. Lukman, habitus of P. Bourdieu, «the homecomer» of A. Schütz, and «cultural shock» of K. Oberg and B. Bergman. In the context of the theory of P. Berger and T. Lukman, it is necessary to distinguish between two modes of military identity – a weak form (correlated with partial secondary socialization in the army field) and a strong form (correlated with the alternation, which is accompanied by distancing from the past). In the context of Bourdieu's theory, the transition of military identity is correlated with the concept of habitus. The militant habitus can enter into a collision with the civil soci- ocultural context during the transition of a serviceman from the army to the civilian field. The contradic- tion between two habitus, which for a long time was formed in the military and civil sociocultural fields, can have a hysteresis (delay in adapting to social changes) by its effect. In the context of the theory of «cultural shock» K. Oberg and B. Bergman, the transition of military identity is correlated with the state of social anxiety and disorientation of an individual in the situation of sudden immersion in an unknown military cultural context in which the previous socio-cultural experience is no longer applicable. In the context of the concept of «the homecomer» of A. Schütz, the problem of the disparity of relevance systems actual in army and civil fields is analyzed, which can lead to a retardation of the reintegration process. It is concluded that the success of social rehabilitation of veterans largely depends on their ability to transform military identity and transpose it into a civilian context. ; В статье выявлена специфика транзитов милитарной идентичности в контексте теорий альтернации П. Бергера и Т. Лукмана, габитуса П. Бурдье, «возвращающегося домой» А. Шютца и «культурного шока» К. Оберга и Б. Бергмана. Сделан вывод, что успешность социальной реадаптации ветеранов в значительной степени зависит от их умения транспонировать милитарную идентичность в гражданский контекст. ; У статті виявлено специфіку транзитів мілітарної ідентичності в контексті теорій альтернації П. Бергера і Т. Лукмана, габітуса П. Бурдьє, «того, хто повертається додому» А. Шютца і «культурного шоку» К. Оберга і Б. Бергмана. Зроблено висновок, що успішність соціальної реадаптації ветеранів значно залежить від уміння транспонувати мілітарну ідентичність у цивільний контекст.

The paper identifies specifics transition of military identity in the context of alternation theories of P. Berger and T. Lukman, habitus of P. Bourdieu, «the homecomer» of A. Schütz, and «cultural shock» of K. Oberg and B. Bergman. In the context of the theory of P. Berger and T. Lukman, it is necessary to distinguish between two modes of military identity – a weak form (correlated with partial secondary socialization in the army field) and a strong form (correlated with the alternation, which is accompanied by distancing from the past). In the context of Bourdieu's theory, the transition of military identity is correlated with the concept of habitus. The militant habitus can enter into a collision with the civil soci- ocultural context during the transition of a serviceman from the army to the civilian field. The contradic- tion between two habitus, which for a long time was formed in the military and civil sociocultural fields, can have a hysteresis (delay in adapting to social changes) by its effect. In the context of the theory of «cultural shock» K. Oberg and B. Bergman, the transition of military identity is correlated with the state of social anxiety and disorientation of an individual in the situation of sudden immersion in an unknown military cultural context in which the previous socio-cultural experience is no longer applicable. In the context of the concept of «the homecomer» of A. Schütz, the problem of the disparity of relevance systems actual in army and civil fields is analyzed, which can lead to a retardation of the reintegration process. It is concluded that the success of social rehabilitation of veterans largely depends on their ability to transform military identity and transpose it into a civilian context. ; В статье выявлена специфика транзитов милитарной идентичности в контексте теорий альтернации П. Бергера и Т. Лукмана, габитуса П. Бурдье, «возвращающегося домой» А. Шютца и «культурного шока» К. Оберга и Б. Бергмана. Сделан вывод, что успешность социальной реадаптации ветеранов в значительной степени зависит от их умения транспонировать милитарную идентичность в гражданский контекст. ; У статті виявлено специфіку транзитів мілітарної ідентичності в контексті теорій альтернації П. Бергера і Т. Лукмана, габітуса П. Бурдьє, «того, хто повертається додому» А. Шютца і «культурного шоку» К. Оберга і Б. Бергмана. Зроблено висновок, що успішність соціальної реадаптації ветеранів значно залежить від уміння транспонувати мілітарну ідентичність у цивільний контекст.