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War is a highly complex and dynamic form of social conflict. This book demonstrates the importance of using sociological tools to understand the changing character of war and organised violence. The author offers an original analysis of the historical and contemporary impact that coercion and warfare have on the transformation of social life, and vice versa. Although war and violence were decisive components in the formation of modernity most analyses tend to shy away from the sociological study of the gory origins of contemporary social life. In contrast, this book brings the study of organised violence to the fore by providing a wide-ranging sociological analysis that links classical and contemporary theories with specific historical and geographical contexts. Topics covered include violence before modernity, warfare in the modern age, nationalism and war, war propaganda, battlefield solidarity, war and social stratification, gender and organised violence, and the new wars debate

Introduction: A Cultural Psychological Approach of Values in Military Lives / Daniela Schmitz Wortmeyer -- Cultural Canalization of Values in Brazilian Military Socialization / Daniela Schmitz Wortmeyer -- Myth-Criticism and Myth-Analysis of Warrior Education in Literary Works: From The Iliad to The Bridge Over the River Kwai / Suzana Marly da Costa Magalhães -- Ritual and Military Socialization / Joanna Wojtkowiak -- Composing Watercolors in the Barracks: Values Development as Affective-Semiotic Generalization / Daniela Schmitz Wortmeyer -- Unification with the Military Institution: Analysis of a Singular Trajectory of Values Development / Daniela Schmitz Wortmeyer -- Being the Same Different: Resistance, Agency, and Change in Military Socialization / Daniela Schmitz Wortmeyer -- Development of Values in the Context of Military Socialization: A Reflection From a Life-Course -- Developmental Perspective / Mariann Märtsin -- Ethical Reflections of a Military Commander in International Operations / Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz -- Moral Complexities of Military Deployment: Dutch Soldiers' Experiences of Value Conflict and Moral Injury / Tine Molendijk -- After so Much Is Invested in Creating Robust Military Identities, What About the Construction of Fulfilling Civilian -- Identities After Service? / Jan Grimell -- The Moral-Ethical Dimension of Human Psychology: Values, Cultural Practices, and the Coconstruction of Peace / Angela Uchoa Branco.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Men and Weapons: The Fighting Potential of Sixteenth Century Venetian Galleys -- The English Civil War and English Society -- Arrears of Pay and Ideology in the Army Revolt of 1647 -- Future Warfare: H. G. Wells and British Military Theory, 1895-1916 -- Attitudes to War in Late Victorian and Edwardian England -- The Debate on Wartime Censorship in Britain 1902-14 -- The French Army and the Spirit of the Offensive, 1900-14 -- War and Italian Society 1914-16 -- The Czechoslovak Army and the Munich Crisis: A Personal Memorandum -- From Boulanger to Pétain: The Third Republic and the Republican Generals -- The Danger of Bombardment from the Air and the Making of British Air Disarmament Policy 1932-4 -- Total War in the Twentieth Century: Participation and Consensus in the Second World War -- Neither Heroes Nor Traitors: Suggestions for a Reappraisal of the Yugoslav Resistance -- War and the American Experience: Some New Perspectives -- Notes on Contributors -- Books Received.

Institutionalising European defence : main trends in European public perceptions in the age of the global war on terror / Yantsislav Yanakiev -- Between alliance and home front considerations : the German armed forces and security-related opinion polls / Sabine Collmer -- Managing diversity in all-volunteer forces : theoretical perspectives, institutional assessment and policy implications / Yantsislav Yanakiev -- Women in conflictual situations in the war-torn Darfur, Sudan : an exposition / Oluyemi O. Fayomi -- Gender integration policies in the armed forces : a double-edged sword? / Helena Carreiras -- Women in the military profession : the Greek case / L. Nicolaou-Smokoviti -- Thirty years of gender integration : cadet perceptions of women at the U.S. Air force academy / David R. McCone, Wilbur J. Scott -- Parents voice : the intergenerational relationship, worry, appraisal of the deployment, and support among parents of deployed personnel / Manon Andres, Ren(c)Øe Moelker -- Military families and deployments abroad in Italy. In search of adequate answers for a new issue / Marina Nuciari, Guido Sertorio -- Pakistani military's role in the Asian context / Riaz Ahmed Shaikh -- End of conscription and problems of manning : the case of Slovenian Armed Forces / Uro Svete, Ljubica Jeluic -- Military educational institutions and their role in the reproduction of inequality in the Philippines / Leslie V. Advincula-Lopez -- A basis of Mongolian defense policy and armed forces for self-defense / Turtogtoh Janar -- Foreign aid, war/military, and state building of cold war Taiwan : in search of a theoretical and comparative framework / Yu-Wen Fan -- From military professionalism to coup d'etat : concordance theory in India and Pakistan / Rebecca L. Schiff -- Whose job, what job? Security sector performance in a local Communist frontline in central Philippines / Rosalie Arcala Hall -- EU harmonisation reforms, democratisation and a new modality of civil-military relations in Turkey / Nilufer Narli -- The convergence and divergence in perceptions of security issues By military professionals and civilians in South Korea / Doo-Seung Hong, Chon-Hwan Chong -- Civilmilitary relations of modern Korea : from a patriarchal army to a professional army / Mahn-Geum Ohn -- Civilmilitary relations of Korea in the 21st Century / Byeong Jo Kim -- General conscription in Finland after 2008 : some reasons behind Finland's population's and conscripts attitudes towards general conscription / Olli Harinen, Jukka Leskinen -- Demilitarizing politics in South Korea : toward a positive consolidation of civilian supremacy / Il Joon Chung -- Changes in military profession in Latin American countries / Omar Guti(c)Øerrez -- Slovene public opinion about security issues : a coincidence or a consistent pattern? / Marjan Maleic, Vinko Vegic -- Introduction / Giuseppe Caforio. - There could be no better homage to recently deceased sociologist Charles C. Moskos than dedicating to him this selection of the papers presented at RC01's international conference in Seoul (July 2008). It offers an up-to-date view of the panorama of social studies on armed forces and conflict resolution in a context of fast-moving change that renders many preceding theoretical previsions obsolete. Just to cite two aspects of this change, one can point first of all to how the presented studies move beyond the very concept of globalization, after which the conference had been named. It in fact emerged with clarity that the new dimensions of the context in which militaries and military policy must move are those of a constant, diffuse interaction of the 'local' and the 'global', so-called globalization. A second aspect, in the international area, is the shift towards a multipolar global order with the United States, the European Union, China, Russia, Latin America, Japan and India all manoeuvring for position, a shift that has significant consequences on military action as well

Culture has an enormous influence on military organizations and their success or failure in war. Cultural biases often result in unstated assumptions that have a deep impact on the making of strategy, operational planning, doctrinal creation, and the organization and training of armed forces. Except in unique circumstances culture grows slowly, embedding so deeply that members often act unconsciously according to its dictates. Of all the factors that are involved in military effectiveness, culture is perhaps the most important. Yet, it also remains the most difficult to describe and understand, because it entails so many external factors that impinge, warp, and distort its formation and continuities. The sixteen case studies in this volume examine the culture of armies, navies, and air forces from the Civil War to the Iraq War and how and why culture affected their performance in the ultimate arbitration of war.