Suchergebnisse

Questo saggio mira a presentare un modello in divenire volto ad analizzare gli spazi pubblici urbani (UPS), fondato su quattro dimensioni localmente situate –socioeconomica, socioculturale, socio-ambientale e politico-amministrativa – e una dimensione esterna, strutturale. In quanto modello relazionale, si concentra sul modo in cui le istituzioni capitaliste/statali e le loro rappresentazioni dello spazio plasmano luoghi e possibilità disuguali e sul modo in cui i cittadini percepiscono, vivono e si appropriano di questi luoghi, conformandosi in misura maggiore o minore allo spazio sociale della città. Un caso studio incentrato sulle persone di Rio de Janeiro che hanno fatto della strada un mezzo di produzione/riproduzione esaminerà il valore euristico del modello, rivelando come gli utenti si sentono nello spazio pubblico urbano, lo pensano e come reagiscono allo spazio "astratto". This essay aims at presenting a model with four non-exhaustive local content dimensions – socioeconomic, sociocultural, socio-environmental, and political-administrative – with an external dimension as a base to analyze urban public spaces (UPS). As a relational model it focus on how capitalist/state institutions and their representations of space conform unequal places and possibilities and how citizens perceive, live and appropriate these places, conforming to greater or lesser degree the city social space. A case study focusing on those who depend on the streets as means of production/reproduction in Rio de Janeiro examines the heuristic value of the model, revealing how users feel and think about UPS and how they react to the abstract space

Historically, the people of Mozambique have faced oppression and social spatial segregation and responded in a way that has reinforced rather than dismantled their traditional values. Since pre-colonial times, the population's strategy for escaping from environmental and foreign political disruption has been to reinvent tradition, based on the principles of resilience, resistance and self-reliance. The development of decentralised human settlements, involving the appropriation of land for domestic space and the self-organisation of neighbourhoods, were strategies to protect communities from adversity and secure collective self-reliance. Following Mozambique's conversion to globalization, the post-colonial 'cement city' is now the core of neo-liberalism, as a node of the global economy, where foreign donors and international market economy control national political economy, exacerbating the premise of the negation of self-sufficiency that continues to evolve resiliently at its margins. The adoption of a neo-liberal model of development during the 1990s, completely bypasses the realities of Mozambican society. This paper argues that the strategy of self-production of space regarding the household/Outdoor Domestic Space unit, which existed previously as a resistance strategy, first of all against colonialism and secondly, against the statist definition of socialism, thirdly, has become a successful strategy for survival, as the building block of the decentralised Agrocity, in the face of a global economy which totally neglects both the people and the land. Outdoor Domestic Space is a multifaceted space that refers to the external space surrounding the built house and which, in the case of Mozambique, is where daily life takes place, involving strong social, ecological and productive functions. Under successive periods of political economy oppression and environmental adversity, the Outdoor Domestic Space has been adapted and refined to ensure collective self-reliance. Shaping a green and ruralised urbanisation at the margins of the Mozambican post-colonial dualistic city, which I call the Agrocity, the Outdoor Domestic Space is resilient because it is able to adjust domestic space as a strategy to secure livelihoods, provide urban food, commerce and services, maintain vital kinship relationships and produce a comfortable and clean microclimate across the spontaneous neighbourhoods. This spatial resilience is the feature underlying the self-organisation of neighbourhoods with a new way of overcoming alienation from nature, which suggest the continuance of an innate relationship between society, the human habitat and nature. ; Historically, the people of Mozambique have faced oppression and social spatial segregation and responded in a way that has reinforced rather than dismantled their traditional values. Since pre-colonial times, the population's strategy for escaping from environmental and foreign political disruption has been to reinvent tradition, based on the principles of resilience, resistance and self-reliance. The development of decentralised human settlements, involving the appropriation of land for domestic space and the self-organisation of neighbourhoods, were strategies to protect communities from adversity and secure collective self-reliance. Following Mozambique's conversion to globalization, the post-colonial 'cement city' is now the core of neo-liberalism, as a node of the global economy, where foreign donors and international market economy control national political economy, exacerbating the premise of the negation of self-sufficiency that continues to evolve resiliently at its margins. The adoption of a neo-liberal model of development during the 1990s, completely bypasses the realities of Mozambican society. This paper argues that the strategy of self-production of space regarding the household/Outdoor Domestic Space unit, which existed previously as a resistance strategy, first of all against colonialism and secondly, against the statist definition of socialism, thirdly, has become a successful strategy for survival, as the building block of the decentralised Agrocity, in the face of a global economy which totally neglects both the people and the land. Outdoor Domestic Space is a multifaceted space that refers to the external space surrounding the built house and which, in the case of Mozambique, is where daily life takes place, involving strong social, ecological and productive functions. Under successive periods of political economy oppression and environmental adversity, the Outdoor Domestic Space has been adapted and refined to ensure collective self-reliance. Shaping a green and ruralised urbanisation at the margins of the Mozambican post-colonial dualistic city, which I call the Agrocity, the Outdoor Domestic Space is resilient because it is able to adjust domestic space as a strategy to secure livelihoods, provide urban food, commerce and services, maintain vital kinship relationships and produce a comfortable and clean microclimate across the spontaneous neighbourhoods. This spatial resilience is the feature underlying the self-organisation of neighbourhoods with a new way of overcoming alienation from nature, which suggest the continuance of an innate relationship between society, the human habitat and nature.

Historically, the people of Mozambique have faced oppression and social spatial segregation and responded in a way that has reinforced rather than dismantled their traditional values. Since pre-colonial times, the population's strategy for escaping from environmental and foreign political disruption has been to reinvent tradition, based on the principles of resilience, resistance and self-reliance. The development of decentralised human settlements, involving the appropriation of land for domestic space and the self-organisation of neighbourhoods, were strategies to protect communities from adversity and secure collective self-reliance. Following Mozambique's conversion to globalization, the post-colonial 'cement city' is now the core of neo-liberalism, as a node of the global economy, where foreign donors and international market economy control national political economy, exacerbating the premise of the negation of self-sufficiency that continues to evolve resiliently at its margins. The adoption of a neo-liberal model of development during the 1990s, completely bypasses the realities of Mozambican society. This paper argues that the strategy of self-production of space regarding the household/Outdoor Domestic Space unit, which existed previously as a resistance strategy, first of all against colonialism and secondly, against the statist definition of socialism, thirdly, has become a successful strategy for survival, as the building block of the decentralised Agrocity, in the face of a global economy which totally neglects both the people and the land. Outdoor Domestic Space is a multifaceted space that refers to the external space surrounding the built house and which, in the case of Mozambique, is where daily life takes place, involving strong social, ecological and productive functions. Under successive periods of political economy oppression and environmental adversity, the Outdoor Domestic Space has been adapted and refined to ensure collective self-reliance. Shaping a green and ruralised urbanisation at the margins of the Mozambican post-colonial dualistic city, which I call the Agrocity, the Outdoor Domestic Space is resilient because it is able to adjust domestic space as a strategy to secure livelihoods, provide urban food, commerce and services, maintain vital kinship relationships and produce a comfortable and clean microclimate across the spontaneous neighbourhoods. This spatial resilience is the feature underlying the self-organisation of neighbourhoods with a new way of overcoming alienation from nature, which suggest the continuance of an innate relationship between society, the human habitat and nature. ; Historically, the people of Mozambique have faced oppression and social spatial segregation and responded in a way that has reinforced rather than dismantled their traditional values. Since pre-colonial times, the population's strategy for escaping from environmental and foreign political disruption has been to reinvent tradition, based on the principles of resilience, resistance and self-reliance. The development of decentralised human settlements, involving the appropriation of land for domestic space and the self-organisation of neighbourhoods, were strategies to protect communities from adversity and secure collective self-reliance. Following Mozambique's conversion to globalization, the post-colonial 'cement city' is now the core of neo-liberalism, as a node of the global economy, where foreign donors and international market economy control national political economy, exacerbating the premise of the negation of self-sufficiency that continues to evolve resiliently at its margins. The adoption of a neo-liberal model of development during the 1990s, completely bypasses the realities of Mozambican society. This paper argues that the strategy of self-production of space regarding the household/Outdoor Domestic Space unit, which existed previously as a resistance strategy, first of all against colonialism and secondly, against the statist definition of socialism, thirdly, has become a successful strategy for survival, as the building block of the decentralised Agrocity, in the face of a global economy which totally neglects both the people and the land. Outdoor Domestic Space is a multifaceted space that refers to the external space surrounding the built house and which, in the case of Mozambique, is where daily life takes place, involving strong social, ecological and productive functions. Under successive periods of political economy oppression and environmental adversity, the Outdoor Domestic Space has been adapted and refined to ensure collective self-reliance. Shaping a green and ruralised urbanisation at the margins of the Mozambican post-colonial dualistic city, which I call the Agrocity, the Outdoor Domestic Space is resilient because it is able to adjust domestic space as a strategy to secure livelihoods, provide urban food, commerce and services, maintain vital kinship relationships and produce a comfortable and clean microclimate across the spontaneous neighbourhoods. This spatial resilience is the feature underlying the self-organisation of neighbourhoods with a new way of overcoming alienation from nature, which suggest the continuance of an innate relationship between society, the human habitat and nature.

[Italiano]: Negli ultimi anni l'approccio ecologico all'urbanistica sta focalizzando l'attenzione degli esperti nel dibattito disciplinare internazionale, in risposta a nuove esigenze sociali: cambiamenti climatici, riduzione delle risorse naturali, rigenerazione di aree urbane degradate e abbandonate, percezione di insicurezza nello spazio pubblico, tutte questioni che richiedono un approccio differente alla trasformazione del territorio . Il libro si concentra sul "design multi-scalare", una pratica in grado di agire su spazi aperti, reti ecologiche e infrastrutture verdi, ma anche sulla rigenerazione delle parti nevralgiche dell'organismo urbano. Il libro sostiene una proposta che integra la visione territoriale offerta dalle infrastrutture verdi-blu con la rigenerazione di spazi urbani degradati applicando strumenti recenti come l'agopuntura urbana o l'urbanistica tattica, questi ultimi rivisitati secondo una prospettiva progettuale e partecipativa. Inoltre, la percezione di insicurezza degli spazi pubblici sta crescendo come problema centrale nelle politiche urbane. Pertanto, la proposta metodologica progettuale è completata prestando particolare attenzione alle recenti linee guida per la progettazione della sicurezza urbana. L'idea di unire questi approcci a diversi livelli, da quelli territoriali a quelli micro-urbani, è definita "s-RGB Design"./[English]: The ecological approach to urbanism recently became a main interest in the international disciplinary debate, in response to new social demands: climate change, reduction of natural resources, regeneration of urban abandoned land, perception of unsafety in public space call for changing approach to territory development. The book focuses on the "multi-scalar design", a practice able to act on open spaces, ecological networks and green infrastructures but also on regeneration of the urban organism's neuralgic parts. The book supports a proposal that integrates the territorial vision offered by the green-blue infrastructures with the regeneration of disused and abandoned urban spaces applying recent tools such as urban acupuncture or tactical urbanism, the latter ones revisited according to a design and participatory perspective. Moreover, the perception of unsafety of public spaces is rising as a focal problem for urban policies. Therefore, the methodological design proposal is completed giving specific attention to recent guidelines for urban safety design. The idea of joining these approaches at different levels, from territorial to micro-urban ones, is defined the "s-RGB Design" (safe Regeneration and Green Blue Design).

The Philippines is one of the most rapidly urbanizing countries in Asia. This trend reflects the effects of years of high rates of natural population growth and consistent rural-to-urban migration. Urbanization in the Philippines has been led by Metro Manila, also known as the National Capital Region (NCR), since the 1950s. Metro Manila and the other five metropolitan areas of the country produce 80% of the Philippines' Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and no development strategies for the rural areas are to be implemented in the foreseeable future. The spread of informal settlements in the Philippines has become a phenomenon associated with big cities and unplanned expanding urban centres. From the early 1970s to more recent years, estimates of the number of informal settlers in the country have varied, ranging from 470,000 to 2.5 million families. Current estimates2, place the number of informal settlement families (ISFs) at about 1.5 million, 15% of the Philippines' total urban population. Many ISFs live in chronic urban poverty and are confronted by physical, economic, social, legal and environmental risks on a day-to-day basis. They have limited or no access to security of tenure, capital, social networks, environmental safety and legal security. Clearly, as in other developing countries, the pervasiveness of informal settlements in the Philippines can be traced back to low income, inadequate urban planning, lack of serviced land, lack of affordable social housing, and many other factors.3 In Metro Manila and other growing urban centres, informal settlers live in sprawling slums that do not meet the most basic hygienic needs (or, worse, are used as dumping grounds for hazardous wastes) where they are constantly exposed to serious health risks. This issue has been too often addressed in ineffective ways: demolitions, relocations to extra urban areas, overcrowded tenement buildings. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the informality that shapes this settlements and the social housing provided by the government so far can't be repressed, and should be incorporated in what is commonly considered "proper" architecture. These two aspects can successfully work together to generate an environment that responds to the needs of the people. Formality can lay the basis for informality to happen and evolve in a solid, safe and hygienic environment. This is the principle that defines the whole strategy here proposed for the chosen case study, the Smokey Mountain and Paradise Heights area in Tondo, Manila. The project is focused on the creation of public spaces at the street level using abandoned areas and existent and new buildings, in order to continuously connect parts of the city that share the same margins, but are not linked to one another. The proposal presents a series of covered public spaces realized using parts of some existing buildings and the alleviation of the overcrowding issue that affects this neighbourhood; a new and incremental social hosing building prototype, that would provide families highly flexible spaces; a diffused system of public toilets and wash-houses in the slum area, to provide ISFs with the sanitary and hygienic facilities they don't have access to; a family planning centre, with day-clinics for medical visits and classrooms for educational meetings and initiatives; and a junk shop, that could be the first step for a cooperative recycling business in the area. Another aspect that is pointed out is that in contexts characterized by scarcity of resources in terms of funds and materials, vernacular traditional buildings are the greatest resources for architects and engineers, as people managed to protect themselves from the weather elements with simple and effective precautions and no need of high-tech solutions. Of course, these precautions and architectural forms are to be actualized and adapted to the needs of a family living in a city of the 21st century, and this is were architects, engineers and planners should contribute with their expertise. Numerous NGOs have been and are working in the Smokey Mountain area, mainly carrying on important and indispensable feeding and schooling programs; I hope that this project, although probably utopian, will be able to raise awareness towards the living conditions of so many people also from an urban and architectural point of view.

Napoli, quale luogo nodale dello sviluppo e delle relazioni umane dovrà scegliere fra il privilegiare beni relazionali: amicizia, scambi culturali, possibilità di moto, sport, presenza del verde, ecc. o beni che affermano "rendite di posizione" : dimensione e qualità delle abitazioni, possesso di beni mobili, auto ecc. per tendere ad un modello che nelle società avanzate vede in contrasto l'aumento del reddito con l'acquisizione del benessere . Conservazione e rigenerazione della fabbrica della città dipendono dagli orientamenti culturali che i cittadini hanno maturato a partire dai grandi ideali sociali di giustizia, libertà e partecipazione democratica; i termini sono altresì collegati alle scelte tra libero mercato ed "economia civile" quale prassi che dovrebbe mirare al benessere collettivo riservando al linguaggio etico uno spazio di rinnovato protagonismo. ; Naples as a centre of development and human relations must choose amongst the relational goods: friendship, cultural exchange, mobility, sports, green spaces etc. or goods which reflect "acquired positions": the size and quality of the houses, monetary wealth, automobiles etc. to go towards a model in modern society where the increase in income is in contrast with the increase in well-being. Conservation and regeneration of the fabric of the city depend on the cultural orientation which its citizens have attained coming from the great ideals of social justice, liberty and democratic participation; these terms are also related to the choice between free market and "civil economy" which should aim at the common well-being, reserving for ethics the place of a renewed protagonist role.

Lo sfondo entro il quale si colloca il lavoro di ricerca è da riferirsi allo studio dei processi di formazione dello spazio urbano da parte di attori organizzati (formali ed informali) capaci di esercitare controllo (sociale, economico, comportamentale, ecc.) e di influenzare processi decisionali sugli usi dello spazio. La ricerca analizza come alcuni gruppi dominanti possano influenzare le scelte di governo territoriale, muovendosi in un mutevole spazio liminale tra formale e informale. Partendo dal presupposto che formale ed informale non siano due ambiti nettamente distinti, ma in continua relazione fra loro, e che pertanto generino degli spazi di limite indefiniti e dinamici, la ricerca si pone l'obiettivo di comprendere la diversa "forma" e "composizione" di questi spazi decisionali in relazione al sistema di pianificazione formale in cui insistono, quali siano i soggetti che "abitano" questi spazi privilegiati e di quali strumenti "formali" si servano. Per tale motivo si è scelto di confrontare due modelli di pianificazione (italiana e americana) molto diversi fra loro in relazione all'apprendimento e alla gestione delle pratiche informali. Questi diversi sistemi di pianificazione danno vita a modelli diversi di informalità, a seconda della loro strutturazione e degli strumenti e norme di cui si servono. Il sistema informale si adatta mutualmente alle pratiche formali, definendo spazi liminali diversi. Dall'analisi dei due sistemi si desumono considerazioni di carattere generale sulle possibili interazioni instaurabili tra formale ed informale in relazione alle caratteristiche dei sistemi di pianificazione, sull'effettivo utilizzo degli strumenti urbanistici esistenti e sulle modalità di manipolazione della rendita fondiaria. L'analisi consente, in tal modo, di riconsiderare l'adeguatezza dei diversi sistemi analizzati, rispetto ad obiettivi prestazionali enunciati, rispetto alla valutazione degli interessi in gioco e all'equità delle politiche distributive.

Questo lavoro di ricerca analizza il rapporto tra persone senza dimora e spazio pubblico, dedicando particolare attenzione alle recenti strategie di politica urbana mirate al disciplinamento dello spazio pubblico. Lo studio è diviso in due sezioni. Nella prima sezione viene delineato il quadro generale che si profila a livello internazionale, sottolineando tre dimensioni centrali: 1) il ruolo essenziale dello spazio pubblico nella quotidianità dei senza dimora; 2) i cambiamenti che investono lo spazio pubblico sotto la spinta di processi di rinnovo urbano; e 3) il crescente controllo degli spazi pubblici che conduce all'esclusione dei senza dimora. Ad imbuto, la ricerca si concentra su due realtà territoriali europee, Bologna e Amsterdam. Basandosi su una metodologia qualitativa, che privilegia interviste in profondità, osservazione diretta dello spazio pubblico e le tecniche proprie della sociologia visuale, creando e usando le immagini come indicatori visuali dei processi in atto, accanto all'analisi delle politiche sia sociali che urbane, l'indagine individua gli spazi urbani significativi per i senza dimora, tracciando le pratiche d'uso dello spazio pubblico e le sue caratteristiche, e le risposte che la città fornisce rispetto alla visibilità di questa popolazione che, soprattutto nel centro storico rinnovato, pone problemi di ordine, di decoro e di riorganizzazione dell'arredo urbano. La ricerca, pur cogliendo il carattere contingente e condizionale dei processi di controllo, mette in luce che, di fatto, vengono creati spazi di esclusione all'interno del contesto urbano che frequentemente coincidono con gli spazi vitali per la popolazione senza dimora. Si conclude riflettendo sull'immagine di "città vetrina" sottesa a questi processi, una città a uso e consumo di pochi che, evidentemente, non potrà mai essere una "città per tutti", alimentandosi, al contrario, di esclusioni. ; This research project analyses the relationship between homeless people and public space, with particular attention given to the most recent strategies of urban policy aimed at regulating public space. The study is divided into two sections. The first section outlines the overall picture that emerges at an international level, highlighting three central dimensions: 1) the essential role of public space in the everyday life of the homeless; 2)the changes that take place in public space following urban renewal processes; and 3)the increasing control of public space leading to the exclusion of homeless people. Then using a funnel approach, the second section focuses on two European urban realities, Bologna and Amsterdam. The research is based on qualitative methods, namely in-depht interviews, direct observation of public space and the typical techniques of visual sociology, creating and using images as visual indicators of the ongoing processes, together with the analysis of both social and urban policies. The study identifies those urban spaces meaningful for the homeless, tracing their use of public space and its features, and the ways in which the city attempts to deal with the visibility of such population, which, especially in renovated city centres, poses problems of order, decorum and reorganisation of urban furniture. While realising the contingent and conditional character of control processes, the research reveals that in reality spaces of exclusion are being created within urban space which often correspond to exactly those spaces vital to the homeless. In conclusion, the analysis reflects on the image of a "showcase city" which underlies those processes; a city evidently not for the use of all but only for the use of some, relying as it does on exclusion.

The 43rd UID conference, held in Genova, takes up the theme of 'Dialogues' as practice and debate on many fundamental topics in our social life, especially in these complex and not yet resolved times. The city of Genova offers the opportunity to ponder on the value of comparison and on the possibilities for the community, naturally focused on the aspects that concern us, as professors, researchers, disseminators of knowledge, or on all the possibile meanings of the discipline of representation and its dialogue with 'others', which we have broadly catalogued in three macro areas: History, Semiotics, Science / Technology. Therefore, "dialogue" as a profitable exchange based on a common language, without which it is impossible to comprehend and understand one another; and the graphic sign that connotes the conference is the precise transcription of this concept: the title 'translated' into signs, derived from the visual alphabet designed for the visual identity of the UID since 2017. There are many topics which refer to three macro sessions: - Witnessing (signs and history) - Communicating (signs and semiotics) - Experimenting (signs and sciences) Thanks to the different points of view, an exceptional resource of our disciplinary area, we want to try to outline the prevailing theoretical-operational synergies, the collaborative lines of an instrumental nature, the recent updates of the repertoires of images that attest and nourish the relations among representation, history, semiotics, sciences.

Nell'attuale scenario socio-culturale, la pratica dello sport rappresenta uno dei principali motori di sviluppo, data la connotazione inclusiva che incorpora e le potenzialità di qualificazione funzionale e spaziale che esprime. La letteratura in materia e le molteplici sperimentazioni sul campo, evidenziano come l'attività sportiva rappresenti oggi uno strumento centrale nelle azioni di promozione di un'etica di "città aperta", vivibile e sicura. Parimenti il sistema d'infrastrutturazione pubblica della città rappresenta, in epoca contemporanea, un fattore sempre più rilevante per la qualità urbana e sociale richiedendo programmi e strategie in grado di ridefinire i luoghi e le loro modalità di fruizione in funzione dei temi della salute e della qualità ambientale. Sulla base di tali premesse, il presente contributo si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare la recente evoluzione delle modalità di pianificazione e progettazione dello spazio pubblico in relazione alle pratiche sportive intese come "fatto sociale totale", come ambiti trovano applicazione politiche di rigenerazione urbana e sociale fondate sulla volontà di promuovere azioni di educazione alla salute, inclusione sociale nonché programmi di qualificazione fisica dell'ambiente costruito. ; In the current socio-cultural scenario, the practice of sport represents one of the main drivers of development, given the inclusive connotation it incorporates and the functional and spatial qualification potential that it expresses. Literature on this subject, and the many experiments in the field, serve to highlight how sports activities today are a central tool in the promotion of an "open city" ethic, namely one that is liveable and safe. Equally, in modern times, the city's public infrastructure system represents an increasingly important factor for urban and social quality, requiring programmes and strategies capable of redefining places and their modes of use according to the themes of health and environmental quality. On the basis of these premises, this paper aims ...