Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the work is to identify a special subject area in the research of symbolic capital of cities – symbolic geopolitical capital – and to identify its connection with urban space. The author defines environmental symbolic resources – urban signs or symbol carriers – the category of symbolic geopolitical capital (SGC), reveals their structure based on the applied example of St. Petersburg, as well as the principles of interaction with the urban environment and some ways in which SGK in symbolic politics are determined. The material carriers of symbols have at least four special properties that give the actors of urban symbolic politics an advantage when using these carriers in a competitive struggle: the duration of their existence and anchoring in the fabric of the city; the power of nomination – ideas about their legitimacy and public recognition; they are more likely to be encoded by the consciousness of the citizen in the form of a priori "normal", "comfortable" and positive perception; and they provide the actors of symbolic politics with special means of political maneuver, using the principle of separation and variability of interpretations of such signs. In addition to the principles of placement described for each category of signs, their generalized types are highlighted: spatial concentration, spatial confinement, spatial hierarchy and effective spatial representation. The means of symbolic management using SGC are described, such as: all kinds of physical actions with the carriers themselves; activism correlated with them; producing new political meanings of their nominations and renominations; reinterpretation of existing and production of new symbols and associated signs, thereby – the production of new symbolic resources and the reconfiguration of the symbolic space of the city. Examples are given of urban conflicts related to geopolitical urban signs reflected in public discourse. They are grouped by potential sources of conflictogenicity due to the different attitudes of actors to: practices and manifestations of territorial strategies, their results and consequences; concepts and proposed worldviews; ideas about control over territory. A number of principles and patterns for the formation and use of symbolic geopolitical capital associated with urban space in politics are formulated: specialization in the nomination, the "latent" nature of the potential for conflict inherent in the SGC, the change of hierarchies, stages or "waves" of geopolitical symbolic policy in urban space, the formation of a "geopolitical symbolic footprint".

The object of the research is the regional policy of the Republic of Armenia in the post-Soviet space in the XXI century. The subject of the research is the economic, strategic, foreign policy relations of the Republic of Armenia with the countries of the post-Soviet space, in particular with Russia. Armenia's relations with the countries of the Middle East region, the United States and the European Union and their influence on the regional policy of Armenia in the post-Soviet space The aim of the work is to examine the regional policy of the Republic of Armenia in the post-Soviet space. Analytical and comparative methods are used to analyze the problems under study. The analysis resulted in the identification of positive and negative trends in the development of the regional policy of Armenia, its economy and strategic position in the post-Soviet space. As well as identifying the dynamics in relations with Russia, the CIS countries, the countries of the West and the East. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the current state of the regional policy of Armenia after 2010 and its analysis.

Over the last decade, commentaries and research on urban tourism precincts have predominantly focused on: their role in the tourism attractions mix; their physical and functional forms; their economic significance; their role as a catalyst for urban renewal; their evolution and associated development processes; and, perhaps more broadly, their role, locality and function within the context of urban planning. City Spaces - Tourist Places both consolidates and develops the extant knowledge of urban tourism precincts into a coherent research driven contemporary work. It revisits and examines the foundational literature but, more importantly, engages with aspects of precinct development that have previously been either underdeveloped or received only limited consideration, such as the psychological and socio-cultural dimensions of the precinct experience. Written by an international team of contributors it provides the reader with: * A comprehensive analysis of foundational theory and cutting-edge advances in the knowledge of the precinct phenomenon * An examination of previously underdeveloped topics and themes based on contemporary and ground-breaking research * Typological and theoretical frameworks in which to locate precinct form, function and experience Brilliantly edited to ensure theoretical continuity and coherence City Spaces - Tourist Places is vital reading for anyone involved in the study or planning of urban tourism precincts. * A cutting-edge text which not only examines foundational theory in urban studies but advances knowledge of the precinct phenomenon by its engagement of previously underdeveloped topics * Vital reading for anyone involved in the study or planning of urban tourism * Written by an international team of expert contributors and brilliantly edited to ensure theoretical continuity and accessiblity

The author pursued the aim — to reveal features of an image of the Napoleonic era in art and multimedia space of France. Using methodology of "communicative memory", the author analysed an image of the French emperor in fiction, advertising, cinema, computer games. The image of Napoleon is actively used in the art forming mass ideas of historical events. In recent years there was a huge number of the computer games devoted to the Napoleonic era and allowing players not only to like the spirit of that time but also to offer a possible alternative to a succession of events of the past. So art and closely related, especially today, multimedia space prolong the virtual life of Napoleon. Writers, directors, marketing specialists seek to create a heroic image of the Napoleonic era. They or sing of the emperor's victories, or justify his defeats. The fiction recovers Bonaparte not only in historical memory but also in political space, drawing analogies between Napoleon and Sarkozy. In virtual space of computer games Napoleon always the hero; it or gives a task, helps to reveal secrets, or players participate in battle on its party. Advertising uses Napoleon as a known brand, influencing the mass idea of French of this era. So art and multimedia space promote preservation in minds and souls of French of a great imperial idea which as believe many, is a pledge of the future of France. This article can be used in research of representations of the power in cultural memory and multimedia space.

Несмотря на видимые изменения в социально-информационной сфере, произошедшие в последнее время, а также относительное отсутствие крупных социальных катаклизмов, информационные войны и связанный с ними информационный терроризм продолжают оказывать значимое воздействие на сознание людей. В погоне за властью лидеры и аутсайдеры политического процесса стремятся любыми доступными способами и средствами доказать собственную правоту. Наиболее дешевым и эффективным из них выступает глобальное информационное поле, сформированное совместной работой средств массовой информации и сети Интернет, где видимое присутствие реальности скрывает истинное положение вещей, одновременно его же и формируя. Цель работы: рассмотреть сущность информационного терроризма. Методы исследования: провести сравнительный анализ информационного терроризма, войны и партизанского движения. Заключение: обоснован тезис о том, что информационная война сопряжена с постоянным воспроизводством конфликтных ситуаций; раскрыта информационная сущность терроризма; сделан вывод о фундаментальном отличии терроризма от прочих видов насильственной политической борьбы. ; In spite of obvious changes in social and information media which took place in the last years and taking into consideration the relative absence of large scale social cataclysms, information wars and information terrorism related to it influence considerably the minds of people. In pursuit of power the leaders and outsiders of political process strive to prove their rightness by all available means. The cheapest and the most effective of such means is global information field which is formed by mutual efforts of mass media and Internet where the observed presence of reality hides the true state of things forming it at the same time. The main aim of the study is to consider the nature of information terrorism. The methods used in the study: a comparative analysis of information terrorism, war and the guerrilla movement. Conclusion: The author has substantiated the thesis that information warfare is associated with the constant reproduction of conflict situations, has disclosed information essence of terrorism. The conclusion was made on fundamental difference of terrorism and other types of violent political struggle.

The transition to a new educational paradigm is associated with the widespread introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. The network space capabilities conduce to the transition from education to self-education. The post-nonclassical methodology based on the synergetic world-view and soft modeling ideas should become a methodological basis of the new educational paradigm. We consider the changes in the content, forms and methods of mathematics education.

Media coverage analysis of the four most important federal laws is carried out. These legislative initiatives - "The law on the protection of children", "Lugovoi's law", "Russian SOPA" and the "Blogger law" regulate legal relations in the Russian segment of the Internet. The research shows that Russian and foreign media reaction to these laws is sharply negative and quite similar. The author assumes that there are various reasons for this assessment. The Russian media see these laws as the violation of fundamental freedoms of speech and expression and regard them as the tool of censorship and suppression of opposition. The situation is quite natural, because the legal field of Internet regulation in Russia is now at the initial stage and legislators sometimes react too rigidly to the rapidly changing reality and growing influence of the virtual space, while foreign media direct their criticism primaryly to the Russian political regime, using it as the tool of information warfare and pressure on the world public opinion.

The article proposed the model for the future teachers` leader` qualities
formation in the university educational space. Necessary leadership qualities were
identified for the competent teachers` preparation. It is disclosed their structure, is
defined meaningful components. It was identified a complex of pedagogicalconditions of formation of leadership qualities with the modeling of the university
educational space. It was offered educational technology training of competent
teachers based on the formation leader' qualities. Meaningful core technology is the
"three stages of leadership", implying a sequential alternation of participants` role
positions. The article presents the results of the implementation of technology to
make a conclusion about its effectiveness.

In 2014, the Russian government adopted a law on strategic planning. In the period from 2015 to 2017, regional development strategies were shaped in accordance with this law. Further, in the period from 2018 to 2019, the government has been developing the national strategy of spatial development, which is clashing with both regional strategies and fundamental principles of the economic theory of spatial development. The article considers the set of such conflicts and assesses their possible consequences. I use the method of comparative analysis, examining how special (for Russian conditions) and theoretical models of spatial development respond to the decisions proposed by the strategy. The strategy includes various concepts that aim to maximize agglomeration effects, identify priority regions, create homogeneous macro-regions, suppress economic and social heterogeneity, and maximize the regions' competitiveness. I demonstrate that in the strategy, none of the concept's fragments achieve the proposed decisions correlating with canonical theoretical concepts (the concept of placement of firms and industries, models of spatial development and growth, concepts of spatial diversity and inequality, principles and forms of regional state policy). The strategy identifies the directions of spatial development, which formally correspond to the traditional theoretical models of regional development. However, these directions either are implemented within the inertial development of the spatial system of the Russian Federation, or are modified according to Russian economic and geographical space, while the strategy does not consider these modifications. This leads to a conflict between the goals declared in the strategy and the real problems of the Russian economic space's functioning in terms of socio-economic inequality, and maximized effects of agglomeration, regional rents, and the regions' competitiveness. Additionally, I pay particular attention to the problem of shaping the target for strategic spatial planning. The paper has demonstrated that a productive strategy is possible in case of considering the economic space as a system of economically interacting regions, and not an additive set of administrative regions. © 2019 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ; Проанализировано содержание Стратегии пространственного развития Российской Федерации на период до 2025 года. Рассмотрены проблемы формирования объекта стратегического пространственного планирования. Представлены эффекты агломерации в пространственном развитии.

Twenty-five years have passed since the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which led to the disruption of the regional check-and-balance system aimed at resolving national issues and political and socioeconomic contradictions. It also resulted in a number of armed conflicts, including those in the Chechen Republic, Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria, Tajikistan, Abkhazia, South Ossetia and later in the South-East of Ukraine. Immediately following the collapse of the USSR, key international actors paid special attention to the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region while trying to secure own interests. This led to the further stratification of the CIS region. A "geopolitical pluralism" started to form there, marked by the fragmentation of nation-state sovereignty over the territory. The concept and policy of "geopolitical pluralism" as developed by Zbigniew Brzezinski meets the interests of the United States by making the CIS region more manageable, while at the same time making it more difficult for Russia to implement its own strategic tasks there. The key goal of Russia is the creation of an integrated economic and political union able to take a rightful place in the world. Only the development of deep and comprehensive integration with the CIS states can ensure the competitiveness of Russia's position in the world as well as the positions of its partners in the former Soviet space. The purpose of this article is to assess the level of geopolitical pluralism in the CIS space taking account of the membership of the CIS countries in international organizations and their voting on UN General Assembly resolutions. The study is based on the interconnection of quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis of international relations and world politics. During the past quarter century following the collapse of the Soviet Union, a regional system of international relations has formed in its place. Despite the fact that the CIS is a kind of linking element which unites most of the former Soviet republics, a certain competition between the new states has become the characteristic feature of the political relations in the region. The policy of the west (primarily the United States) became a kind of a branched, diversified strategy aimed at the phased development, transformation and fragmentation of the region. The diversity of foreign policy priorities among the CIS states and the presence of many actors in the region makes mutual understanding and good-neighbourliness between these countries difficult to achieve. To the contrary, this diversity seriously complicates and slows down the development of deep and comprehensive integration, making it more unstable and ineffective. © HSE, 1993-2018.

Information space as a new (geo)political space exerts an increasingly higher infl uence on the global processes. Despite its specifi c nature, its connection with physical space is growing, furthermore, the states describe themselves as leading actors of information space more actively. Although the approaches diff er from one another, information space is being generally perceived in the traditional categories of sovereignty, borders and territory. Th e states serve as accelerators of interrelated processes of militarization, securitization and diplomatization of information space, which are typical for other spaces. Strengthening such tendencies and including a greater number of countries lead to new forms of cooperation and confl icts. ; Информационное пространство как новое (гео)политическое пространство оказывает все большее влияние на мировые процессы. Несмотря на особую природу информационного пространства, его связь с физическим пространством усиливается, при этом государства все активнее позиционируют себя как ведущие акторы информационного пространства. Хотя подходы отличаются, в целом информационное пространство воспринимается в традиционных категориях суверенитета, границ и территории. Государства выступают катализаторами взаимосвязанных процессов милитаризации, секьюритизации и дипломатизации информационного пространства, характерных и для других пространств. Усиление данных тенденций и включение большего числа стран приводит к новым формам сотрудничества и конфликтов, что нуждается в пристальном внимании и анализе со стороны научного сообщества.

The analysis of the status of such an object as a parking place was carried out, the current judicial practice on this issue was also considered, the problems associated with the existence of such objects in public circulation were highlighted. The problem of the existence of such an object as a parking place exists in terms of the definition and possibility of registering a "parking space". Prior to the adoption of changes in legislation and recognition by the legislator of a "parking space" as a property, court decisions differed from each other. In the conclusion of the analysis, it was concluded that the "parking place" became a full-fledged real estate object and a full-fledged object of civil turnover, it is necessary to carry out a huge work on changing various legislative acts, including federal laws.

The beginning of the information age is associated with the intensive development of fundamentally new information technologies. They form the basis of screen culture, the center of which is the screen as the ultimate element of modern electronic devices. Screen and screen culture generate the formation and development of media reality, which has a contradictory, paradoxical nature. At present, it is perceived as an integral part of society's life, its socio-cultural environment. The impact of mass media and media culture is one of the central issues in the profound transformations of the lifestyle and mentality of our contemporaries, which makes it necessary to analyze this phenomenon. The article considers the genetically mediated features of media reality, as well as its paradoxes on ontological, social, and axiological levelsMass communication in a special way forms the picture of the world, the sphere of publicity, and social practices. The social and cultural image of the modern world is formed on the basis of access to information channels, and not on the basis of reliable knowledge. The social and cultural realities of the modern world are ontologized by mass communication media that can eliminate, replace and distort factual material. Thus, there appears a "double" meaning of reality — in the form of actually existing one, and in the form generated by the mass media. Transforming the essence of things or phenomena, multiplying options for manipulative technologies, mass media, however, can give the impression of special authenticity.Freedom of speech, the greatest social achievement of the European civilization, is opposed by the inclusion of mass media in the structure of the main institutions of society. Manifested by the Western world and officially established by legal institutions, it clearly goes against the affiliated practice of the Western media. The role of the media environment in the democratization of society is also contradictory, since in reality it contributes to the strengthening of the existing inequality. Being in the public space is also highly contradictory. It provides status advantages, but may not comply with the regulatory rules, views and values enshrined in society. ; Начало информационной эпохи связано с интенсивным развитием принципиально новых информационных технологий. На их основе складывается экранная культура. Ее центром является экран, который становится завершающим элементом современных электронных устройств. Экран, экранная культура генерируют становление и развитие медийной реальности, имеющей противоречивый, парадоксальный характер. В настоящее время экранная культура воспринимается как неотъемлемая часть жизни общества, его социокультурная среда. Массмедиа, медийная культура, их воздействие представляет собой один из центральных моментов тех глубоких трансформаций, которые произошли в образе жизни и ментальности нашего современника, поэтому возникает необходимость анализа данного феномена. В статье рассмотрены генетически опосредованные черты медийной реальности, ее парадоксы на онтологическом, социальном и аксиологическом уровнях.Массовая коммуникация особым образом формирует картину мира, сферу публичности, социальные практики. Социальный и культурный образ современного мира складывается на основе доступа к информационным каналам, а не на основе достоверного знания. Социальные и культурные реалии современного мира онтологизируются средствами массовой коммуникации, способными упразднять, подменять и искажать фактический материал. Таким образом, возникает «удвоенный» смысл реальности — в виде фактически существующей в настоящий момент и в виде реальности, порожденной массмедиа. Трансформируя сущность вещей или явлений, умножая варианты манипуляционных технологий, массмедиа тем не менее могут производить впечатление особой достоверности.Свободе слова, крупнейшему социальному завоеванию европейской цивилизации, противостоит включенность средств массовой коммуникации в структуру основных институтов общества. Манифестируемая западным миром, официально закрепленная правовыми институтами, она явно идет вразрез с аффилированной практикой западных СМИ. Так же противоречива и роль медиасреды в демократизации общества, поскольку в реальности она способствует усилению существующего неравенства. Полно противоречий и нахождение в публичном пространстве. Оно предоставляет статусные преимущества, однако может не соответствовать нормативным правилам, взглядам и ценностям, закрепленным в обществе.