Illuminated patent of nobility issued to Diego Belarde de Aguilar on his own account and on behalf of his brother Juan, reciting the patent granted by Charles V and the services of their father Captain Rodrigo Belarde de Aguilar. The patent includes a finely-illuminated miniature of the Virgin within a red and blue decorative border (leaf 1r) and a full-page illuminated coat of arms (leaf 7v). There are also illuminated hands and gilt borders throughout, as well as notarial seals and later dockets (leaves 24-26, dated 1607).
Letter from Ferdinand V, King of Spain, 1452-1516 (Yo el REY) to Captin Pedro Fajaro: 1503 January 2, Madrid. Iron gall on laid paper. Address on Side 2. The letter advises Captin Fajaro of the arrival of the Galician Squadron and orders the loading of goods.
The German High Command (OHL) and the Foreign Office (Aus Amt) searched for new military strategies in an attempt to bring the war to an end after the horrendous losses of 1916. Specifically, they were horrified by the inability to advance on the Western Front – the trenches. Although the navy was blockaded in port in Kiel, they hoped that submarines could severely hamper the war effort of the Entente Powers. An important supply line was through the Mediterranean, and after losing their alliance with Italy in 1915, they saw neutral Spain as a possible base for submarine operations. Neutral Spain would also be used as part of a spy ring aimed at damaging their enemies' war effort. The effort of the German authorities was a combination of diplomacy and covert actions to implement their plans. Although ultimately unsuccessful, the use of submarines and spies revealed Germany's desperate attempt to bring the Great War a quick end in 1917. ; El Alto mando alemán (OHL) y la Oficina de Relaciones Exteriores exploraron nuevas estrategias militares en su esfuerzo por poner fin a la guerra luego de las terribles pérdidas en 1916. Las trincheras les horrorizaron por la imposibilidad de ganar terreno en el frente occidental. A pesar del bloqueo naval en el puerto de Kiel, se mostraron esperanzados en la capacidad de los submarinos para impactar adversamente el esfuerzo de guerra de los poderes de la Entente. Luego de perder el apoyo de Italia en 1915 y dado el hecho de que una línea importante de suministros atravesaba el Mediterráneo. España, como nación neutral, podría desempeñar un rol importante en una cadena de espionaje diseñada para impactar adversamente el esfuerzo de guerra del enemigo. Las autoridades alemanas combinaron diplomacia y actividades secretas en la implementación de sus planes. A pesar de su eventual fracaso, el uso de submarinos y el espionaje evidenció los desesperados esfuerzos alemanes por terminar de manera rápida la Gran Guerra en 1917.
Background Humans are regularly exposed to metals and metalloids present in air, water, food, soil and domestic materials. Most of them can cross the placental barrier and cause adverse impacts on the developing foetus. Objectives To describe the prenatal concentrations of metals and metalloids and to study the associated sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors in pregnant Spanish women. Methods Subjects were 1346 pregnant women of the INMA Project, for whom the following metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn) were determined in urine, at both the first and the third trimesters of gestation. Sociodemographic, dietary and environmental information was collected through questionnaires during pregnancy. Multiple linear mixed models were built in order to study the association between each metal and metalloid concentrations and the sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors. Results The most detected compounds were As, Co, Mo, Sb, Se and Zn at both trimesters. Zn was the element found in the highest concentrations at both trimesters and Tl was detected in the lowest concentrations. We observed significant associations between As, Cd, Cu, Sb, Tl and Zn concentrations and working situation, social class and age. Seafood, meat, fruits, nuts, vegetables and alcohol intake affected the levels of all the metals but Cd and Cu. Proximity to industrial areas, fields and air pollution were related to all metals except Cd, Sb and Se. Conclusions This is the first large prospective longitudinal study on the exposure to metals and metalloids during pregnancy and associated factors to include several cohorts in Spain. The present study shows that some modifiable lifestyles, food intakes and environmental factors could be associated with prenatal exposure to metal(loid)s, which may be considered in further studies to assess their relationship with neonatal health outcomes. ; This study was funded by Grants from EU (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5–1); Spain: ISCIII (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041; FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/0867, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/00090, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI13/02187, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI17/00663, PI18/01142 and PI19/1338; Miguel Servet FEDER MS15/00025, MS20/0006, CPII16/00051, and FIS-FSE: 17/ 00260); CIBERESP; Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15–230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), AICO/2020/285, and Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017; Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241; Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093, 2009111069, 2013111089 and 2015111065); Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001 and DFG15/221). We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023" Programme (CEX2018000806-S), and from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Programme, as well as the municipalities in the study area. ; Peer reviewed
Background Nursing should have a fundamental role in the development of health policies. The current state of the educational system regarding leadership-related skills and political competence in nursing students is a field to explore. Objectives To explore Spanish nursing students' perceptions about their political competence. Design Cross-sectional study that was carried out between December 2019 and June 2020. Settings and participants Students of the Degree in Nursing at the Universitat Jaume I (Spain). Methods An ad hoc scale composed of 33 items was designed. Sociodemographic variables of interest for the study were collected, such as participation in organizations. A descriptive analysis of the sample and the scale and a bivariate analysis were carried out. Results 91.8% (n = 90) of items were answered by women. The 2nd (40.8%, n = 40) and 4th (29.6%, n = 29) courses were the most represented. 29.6% (n = 29) belonged to some association or organization, with sports (31.1%, n = 9), NGOs (17.2%, n = 5), cultural (17.2%, n = 5) and student organizations (13.8%, n = 4) being the most represented. Within these associations, 48.3% (n = 14) of participants claimed to have an active role. Statistically significant differences were observed by course in the Political Knowledge category (p = 0.030). The variables "belonging to an organization" and "having an active role" in it seemed to have more influence on the scale than the rest of the sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Learning strategies must benefit from skills and prior experiences of students to strengthen new learning. It also seems to be important to emphasize that the theoretical basis is important, but that promoting civic participation among students can be very relevant for the acquisition of political competence.
Index on leaves [1]-[5] at end. ; Errors in foliation: 13, 19, 28, 36, 107, 112, 123, 137, 172, 180, 196 and 210 misnumbered 145, 29, 20, 37, 109, 120, 12, 150, 173, 181, 188 and 110 respectively. Some of these errors have been corrected in various extant copies. ; Title within 4-part woodcut border, with woodcut Spanish royal arms on title page and leaf 5v; woodcut ornamented and historiated initials. ; Signatures: a-2d⁸ [2e]² [$4 (-a1, t2) signed; misprinting d4 as 'c4' and 2a4 as 'a4']. ; Colophon (leaf [5]r at end) reads: "[par.] A ho[n]rra y gloria de Nuestro Señor Iesu Christo acabose este presente libro en Mexico en casa de Pedro Ocharte, a veynte y tres dias del mes de nouiembre de mill [et] quinientos [et] sesenta y tres años. [par.] Esta tassado por el illustrissimo señor do[n] Luys de Uelasco uirrey a real el pliego. Por ma[n]dado de su señoria Antonio de Turcios secretario." ; García Icazbalceta (incorrectly?) reports the month in line 2 of leaf 2 verso as "mayo", but most (all?) extant copies read "março", as is also reported by Medina. ; The license on recto of second leaf is dated Toledo, 4 September, 1560. On verso of leaf 2 is the "Comision para la impression" of Luis de Velasco to Vasco de Puga. ; This work, the earliest printed summary of Spanish colonial law, was compiled by Vasco de Puga and is generally known as the "Cedulario" of de Puga. ; Wagner, H.R. Nueva bibliografía mexicana del siglo xvi, 1946, ; Dobbs & Haun. Law Library at LC, ; Streit, R. Bibliotheca missionum, ; Palau y Dulcet, A. Manual del librero hispano-americano (2. ed.), ; García Icazbalceta, J. Bibliografía mexicana del siglo XVI (1954 ed.), ; Sabin, J. Dictionary of books relating to America from its discovery to the present time, ; Medina, J.T. Imprenta en México (1539-1821), ; Bibliotheca Americana: catalogue of the John Carter Brown Library in Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Armorial bookplate of Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico. From the J.M. Andrade collection (with his bookplate). Forms part of the Hubert Howe Bancroft Collection (No. 60, Rare B). Stamp of J.F. Ramirez on leaf 2r. ; 19th century quarter leather (re-backed) over marbled boards; marbled endpapers. ; Bancroft Library copy: Imperfect: title page and leaves 149-151, 160 wanting (replaced by manuscript).
[24] p. ; Suggested publication date from STC. ; At end: this relation was sent by the Lord Marquis de Sainta-cruse vnto his Maiestie . . ; Signatures: A-C⁴. ; Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
2 leaves. ; Proclamation against piracy. ; Other title information from first 2 lines of text. ; "Giuen at our Castle of Windsor the viij. of Iuly 1605. in the third yeere of our Reigne of Great Britaine, France and Ireland." ; Imprint from colophon. ; Reproduction of original in: Harvard University. Library.
1 broadside. ; Second pt. of title from first six lines of text. ; "Yeuen at her hyghnes castell of Wyndsor the fyrst day of September, the fyfth yere of her Maiesties reigne." ; "Cum priuilegio Regiæ Maiestatis." ; Date of publication suggested by STC (2nd ed.). ; Reproduction of original in the Queen's College (University of Oxford). Library.
The people are to rejoice in the recent alliance with Spain in which the young Infante of Spain is betrothed to the equally young Louis XIII of France. ; Electronic reproduction ; 4 p. ; 16 cm.
The year 1604 witnessed a deterioration on several fronts of relations between France and Spain. This polemic feeds on the bad feelings and calls for war. ; Electronic reproduction ; 85 p. ; 17 cm.
Between 1589 and 1594 Spain had been behind much of the opposition to Henry IV. In fact Spain advised the Guise faction and thus the Holy League and supported them financially. But Henry had, until the end of 1594 not declared war against Spain. In January 1595, however, he felt the time was right to make a declaration of war. This pamphlet is a notice of that declaration. Faict à Paris le dixseptiesme iour de Iannuier, 1595. ; Electronic reproduction; 8 p. ; 16 cm. (4to)
Between 1589 and 1594 Spain had been behind much of the opposition to Henry IV. In fact Spain advised the Guise faction and thus the Holy League and supported them financially. But Henry had, until the end of 1594 not declared war against Spain. In January 1595, however, he felt the time was right to make a declaration of war. This pamphlet is a notice of that declaration. Variant of Duvall entry 548. ; Electronic reproduction; 7 [1] p. ; 17 cm. (4to)
Defence date: 26 January 2021 ; Examining board: Professor Regina Grafe (European University Institute); Professor Luca Molà (University of Warwick); Professor Carmen Sanz Ayán (Universidad Complutense de Madrid); Professor Manuel Herrero Sánchez (Universidad Pablo de Olavide) ; This doctoral thesis analyses the process of state construction in the early modern period from a joint perspective that amalgamates the agencies of state officials, lending communities, and local elites in the Hispanic Monarchy during the four initial years of Philip II's reign. The project examines the convergence of private agendas inside and outside the royal administration, which were channelled by the Genoese lending community to overcome the consolidation of royal short-term debt in 1557 and its consequences. The application of an institutional approach, based on the works of Avner Greif, to the analysis of the social organisations that prevented a failure of coordination in the Hispanic Monarchy offers a fresh perspective on a topic normally assessed under predatory models. The specific study of two Genoese lenders who contributed to the establishment of a more viable and efficient financial system in the monarchy, Costantin Gentil and Nicolao de Grimaldo, provides details about how interregional transactions and local economies contributed to the consolidation of the early modern state.
