Spanish electronic government projects are analysed in this article. These projects are the reduction of prices for the Internet connection, information society development, modern tax system in Internet, electronic election possibilities and perspectives, "Unified Internet window" project, electronic certificates project, telework establishment and the perspectives of electronic administration. Spanish electronic government were creating in the realization of individual projects from the year 1998. Spain is a young and quickly developing European Union state and because of this the experience of Spanish e-government projects would be very useful for Lithuania.
Spanish electronic government projects are analysed in this article. These projects are the reduction of prices for the Internet connection, information society development, modern tax system in Internet, electronic election possibilities and perspectives, "Unified Internet window" project, electronic certificates project, telework establishment and the perspectives of electronic administration. Spanish electronic government were creating in the realization of individual projects from the year 1998. Spain is a young and quickly developing European Union state and because of this the experience of Spanish e-government projects would be very useful for Lithuania.
The article analyses the impact federalization processes may have on the dynamics of ethnic conflict in multiethnic democratic states. Parting from basic theoretical premises as regards the capacity of federalization principles to manage ethnoterritorial conflicts within multiethnic states, the Belgian and Spanish cases are chosen in order to explain the main theoretical contradiction, whether federative restructuring of a state contributes to reducing ethnic tensions, helps to mitigate divisions and fosters accommodation, or, on the contrary, provides ruling regional elites with relevant resources to fuel further disintegration. Both Belgium and Spain underwent a series of constitutional reforms pursuing the same objective to accommodate ethnic claims; however, while the Spanish solution of autonomous statutes proved to be successful in reducing the risk of state disintegration, the federalization of Belgium seems to have enhanced the cleavage. Among the main factors that contribute to system stabilization and national integration or make secession more likely, the following elements are analysed: constitutional and institutional mechanisms that are applied in specific sociopolitical contexts; type and degree of political autonomy granted to various groups; state-wide and subnational electoral and party systems and their interplay; historical experience of intergroup relations; evolution of ethnoterritorial identities.
The article analyses the impact federalization processes may have on the dynamics of ethnic conflict in multiethnic democratic states. Parting from basic theoretical premises as regards the capacity of federalization principles to manage ethnoterritorial conflicts within multiethnic states, the Belgian and Spanish cases are chosen in order to explain the main theoretical contradiction, whether federative restructuring of a state contributes to reducing ethnic tensions, helps to mitigate divisions and fosters accommodation, or, on the contrary, provides ruling regional elites with relevant resources to fuel further disintegration. Both Belgium and Spain underwent a series of constitutional reforms pursuing the same objective to accommodate ethnic claims; however, while the Spanish solution of autonomous statutes proved to be successful in reducing the risk of state disintegration, the federalization of Belgium seems to have enhanced the cleavage. Among the main factors that contribute to system stabilization and national integration or make secession more likely, the following elements are analysed: constitutional and institutional mechanisms that are applied in specific sociopolitical contexts; type and degree of political autonomy granted to various groups; state-wide and subnational electoral and party systems and their interplay; historical experience of intergroup relations; evolution of ethnoterritorial identities.
The article analyses the impact federalization processes may have on the dynamics of ethnic conflict in multiethnic democratic states. Parting from basic theoretical premises as regards the capacity of federalization principles to manage ethnoterritorial conflicts within multiethnic states, the Belgian and Spanish cases are chosen in order to explain the main theoretical contradiction, whether federative restructuring of a state contributes to reducing ethnic tensions, helps to mitigate divisions and fosters accommodation, or, on the contrary, provides ruling regional elites with relevant resources to fuel further disintegration. Both Belgium and Spain underwent a series of constitutional reforms pursuing the same objective to accommodate ethnic claims; however, while the Spanish solution of autonomous statutes proved to be successful in reducing the risk of state disintegration, the federalization of Belgium seems to have enhanced the cleavage. Among the main factors that contribute to system stabilization and national integration or make secession more likely, the following elements are analysed: constitutional and institutional mechanisms that are applied in specific sociopolitical contexts; type and degree of political autonomy granted to various groups; state-wide and subnational electoral and party systems and their interplay; historical experience of intergroup relations; evolution of ethnoterritorial identities.
When Lithuania recovered its independence many changes took place both on the economic and social fronts. One of these changes was the increase in the number of divorces which grew rapidly in he last quarter of the twentieth century. Currently, Lithuania is regarded as one of the EU countries with the largest number of divorces. In Spain divorces started in 1981 after the Law from July 7th 1981 came into force. This law reformed the existing civil code and allowed for the possibility of ending a marriage by means of a divorce. Notwithstanding this, the very same law also included the possibility of using the legal figure of marital separation. This legal figure was actually considered a compulsory step prior to applying for divorce giving the spouses some time for careful thinking. However, on July 8th 2005 with the approval of the new law reforming the civil code this prerequisite was eliminated. This had a great impact in the growth of divorces in Spain.
When Lithuania recovered its independence many changes took place both on the economic and social fronts. One of these changes was the increase in the number of divorces which grew rapidly in he last quarter of the twentieth century. Currently, Lithuania is regarded as one of the EU countries with the largest number of divorces. In Spain divorces started in 1981 after the Law from July 7th 1981 came into force. This law reformed the existing civil code and allowed for the possibility of ending a marriage by means of a divorce. Notwithstanding this, the very same law also included the possibility of using the legal figure of marital separation. This legal figure was actually considered a compulsory step prior to applying for divorce giving the spouses some time for careful thinking. However, on July 8th 2005 with the approval of the new law reforming the civil code this prerequisite was eliminated. This had a great impact in the growth of divorces in Spain.
The subject of the present Master Thesis is the comparative analysis of the mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy sources (RES) for residents of the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain. The relevance of this topic is based on the importance of the national energy sector, which must be both competitive and environmentally friendly. For this reason, it is necessary to develop renewable energy. In the Thesis, the following working hypothesis has been raised: how residents of the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain are encouraged to use renewable energy sources? To answer this question, the comparative analysis of the mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy sources for residents of the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain has been carried out. The following objectives have been accomplished during the analysis: theoretical assumptions of public policy formation and implementation have been analysed; the development and implementation of renewable energy policy in the countries under research have been studied; the mechanism for promoting the use of renewable energy sources in the European Union has been examined; the characteristic features of the mechanisms for promotion of renewable energy sources for residents of the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain have been studied. These objectives have been accomplished by applying the method of analysis of legal documents, comparative and logographic methods. The Thesis analyses the participants of public policy, its formation and implementation in the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain. It has been established that the European Union has a significant influence on renewable energy in the countries under research. Following the Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources the countries under research have undertaken to increase the share of these resources in gross final energy consumption (the Republic of Lithuania up to 23%, the Kingdom of Spain up to 20%). To achieve these goals, both countries encourage their residence to use renewable energy. In the Republic of Lithuania and the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León, various promotional projects are carried out, which are funded by the European Union. The analysis of the mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy sources of the Republic of Lithuania and the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León has shown that both countries apply preferential tariffs, capital subsidies or reimbursement, tax credits under certain terms. Besides, the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León is involved in public institution projects financed by the region. The Republic of Lithuania should also engage in more active promotion and education of its citizens about the possibilities of using renewable energy sources.
The subject of the present Master Thesis is the comparative analysis of the mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy sources (RES) for residents of the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain. The relevance of this topic is based on the importance of the national energy sector, which must be both competitive and environmentally friendly. For this reason, it is necessary to develop renewable energy. In the Thesis, the following working hypothesis has been raised: how residents of the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain are encouraged to use renewable energy sources? To answer this question, the comparative analysis of the mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy sources for residents of the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain has been carried out. The following objectives have been accomplished during the analysis: theoretical assumptions of public policy formation and implementation have been analysed; the development and implementation of renewable energy policy in the countries under research have been studied; the mechanism for promoting the use of renewable energy sources in the European Union has been examined; the characteristic features of the mechanisms for promotion of renewable energy sources for residents of the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain have been studied. These objectives have been accomplished by applying the method of analysis of legal documents, comparative and logographic methods. The Thesis analyses the participants of public policy, its formation and implementation in the Republic of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Spain. It has been established that the European Union has a significant influence on renewable energy in the countries under research. Following the Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources the countries under research have undertaken to increase the share of these resources in gross final energy consumption (the Republic of Lithuania up to 23%, the Kingdom of Spain up to 20%). To achieve these goals, both countries encourage their residence to use renewable energy. In the Republic of Lithuania and the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León, various promotional projects are carried out, which are funded by the European Union. The analysis of the mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy sources of the Republic of Lithuania and the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León has shown that both countries apply preferential tariffs, capital subsidies or reimbursement, tax credits under certain terms. Besides, the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León is involved in public institution projects financed by the region. The Republic of Lithuania should also engage in more active promotion and education of its citizens about the possibilities of using renewable energy sources.
The purpose is to research the problems of international legal regulation in the field of organ and tissue transplantation, to make appropriate decisions. The main tasks are to study the approaches to the definition of transplantation, to emphasize and analyze the basic principles of organ and tissue transplantation in international law, to analyze international legal documents; a comparative analysis of the national legislations of the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Spain for compliance with international documents. Each of the tasks assigned is dealt with in separate chapters devoted to them. The first chapter discusses approaches to the definition of the concept of transplantation, analyzes the Istanbul Declaration on Transplantation Tourism and Organ Trade of May 2, 2008, as well as the WHO Guidelines on Organ and Tissue Transplantation on May 21, 2010, comparative analysis of the WHO Guidelines on Organ Transplantation and tissues from 2010 and 1991. The second chapter is devoted to the international legal framework governing the field of transplantation, the analysis of legal acts of Spain, the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation to identify possible gaps. Based on the analysis, there is a necessity to improve the legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. The work can be useful to teachers, students of legal and medical professions, lawyers specializing in international and / or medical law.
The purpose is to research the problems of international legal regulation in the field of organ and tissue transplantation, to make appropriate decisions. The main tasks are to study the approaches to the definition of transplantation, to emphasize and analyze the basic principles of organ and tissue transplantation in international law, to analyze international legal documents; a comparative analysis of the national legislations of the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Spain for compliance with international documents. Each of the tasks assigned is dealt with in separate chapters devoted to them. The first chapter discusses approaches to the definition of the concept of transplantation, analyzes the Istanbul Declaration on Transplantation Tourism and Organ Trade of May 2, 2008, as well as the WHO Guidelines on Organ and Tissue Transplantation on May 21, 2010, comparative analysis of the WHO Guidelines on Organ Transplantation and tissues from 2010 and 1991. The second chapter is devoted to the international legal framework governing the field of transplantation, the analysis of legal acts of Spain, the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation to identify possible gaps. Based on the analysis, there is a necessity to improve the legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. The work can be useful to teachers, students of legal and medical professions, lawyers specializing in international and / or medical law.
This publication provides and analyses the European Union Structural Funds impact on the disparity the Irelands and Greece, Spain and Portugal. As my assumption is that Structural Funds were not enough acceptably put to use, thus this article provides the actual results observed in an attempt to prove this supposition by explaining the major examples of Ireland's recent economic growth. The Irish experience and comparative analysis of Greece, Spain and Portugal cases is used as a model of successful use of structural funding. Despite its limitations, Ireland economic convergence is compared with the other Cohesion countries during the 1988, 1993 and 1999 reforms.
This publication provides and analyses the European Union Structural Funds impact on the disparity the Irelands and Greece, Spain and Portugal. As my assumption is that Structural Funds were not enough acceptably put to use, thus this article provides the actual results observed in an attempt to prove this supposition by explaining the major examples of Ireland's recent economic growth. The Irish experience and comparative analysis of Greece, Spain and Portugal cases is used as a model of successful use of structural funding. Despite its limitations, Ireland economic convergence is compared with the other Cohesion countries during the 1988, 1993 and 1999 reforms.
The master's thesis identifies the legal features of the creation and operation of foreign branches as a form of entrepreneurial activity by Belarusian business entities in the markets of the EU and EEU member states using the example of the Kingdom of Spain and the Russian Federation, as well as it identifies ways to improve the legislation of the Republic of Belarus in this area.
The master's thesis identifies the legal features of the creation and operation of foreign branches as a form of entrepreneurial activity by Belarusian business entities in the markets of the EU and EEU member states using the example of the Kingdom of Spain and the Russian Federation, as well as it identifies ways to improve the legislation of the Republic of Belarus in this area.
