Suchergebnisse

En este artículo se analiza el panorama general de las subvenciones públicas otorgadas al cortometraje animado en España por los Gobiernos de las Comunidades Autónomas (CC AA) entre 2008-2019. Tras una breve aproximación historicista de la implementación de estos incentivos destinados al formato breve cinematográfico en las CC AA que las han hecho efectivas, así como a la evolución legislativa dedicada al fomento de este formato, se realizará un análisis cuantitativo de estas subvenciones en clave regional destinadas a estos filmes. El principal objetivo de este estudio es cartografiar la situación y evolución económica de la producción de películas animadas de corta duración en España en esa década. Los resultados muestran la relación entre el fomento de políticas culturales en dicho período en favor de la incentivación del cortometraje animado regional con el nivel de producción de estos filmes en diferentes puntos del país. ; This article analyzes the general panorama of public subsidies granted to animated short films in Spain by the Governments of the Autonomous Communities between 2008-2019. A quantitative analysis of these regional subsidies for these films will be carried out. However, first, we will make a brief historicist approach to the implementation of these incentives for short films in the Autonomous Communities that have made them effective, as well as the legislative evolution dedicated to the promotion of these types of movies. The main objective of this study is to map the situation and economic evolution of the production of animated short films in Spain in that decade. The results show the relationship between the promotion of cultural policies in the above mentioned period in favor of the incentive of regional animated short films with the level of production of these films in different parts of the country.

Charles Pinckney is inquiring if there will be a ship available to take that will set sail from Lisbon, Portugal to the United States within a month to six weeks. Pickney has heard that the current fleets are to set sail for Jamaica and seeks confirmation. Pinckney was ambassador to Spain during part of the Jefferson administration. 14 July 1805. ; https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1140/thumbnail.jpg

BACKGROUND: Serum antibody detection has potential as a complementary diagnostic tool in animal tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly in multi-host systems. The objective of the present study was to assess the specificity (Sp) of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the new multiprotein complex P22 for the detection of specific antibodies against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) in the four most relevant domestic animals acting as MTC hosts: cattle, goat, sheep and pig. We used sera from an officially TB-free (OTF) country, Norway, and from a non-OTF one, Spain. The samples included sera from goats that had been vaccinated against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and sheep from a herd in which Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis had been isolated. RESULTS: In cattle, the Sp ranged from 92.5 (IC95% 90.7-94) to 99.4% (IC95% 98.3-99.8) depending on the cut-off used and the origin of the samples (Spain or Norway). Sp in cattle (cut-off point 100) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for Norwegian samples. By contrast, Sp in goats was consistently low at the 100 cut-off [30.9 (CI95.4-39.5)-78% (CI95% 68.9-85)]. A higher cut-off of 150 improved Sp in Norwegian goats [97% (CI95% 91.6-99)], but still yielded a poor Sp of 56.1% (CI95% 47.3-64.6) in Spanish goats. In Norway at the 100 cut-off the Sp was 58.3 (CI95% 42.2-72.9) and 90.6% (CI95% 81-95.6) in MAP vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats, respectively, indicating interference due to MAP vaccination. Sp in sheep was between 94.4 (CI95% 91.7-96.3) and 100% (CI95% 96.3-100) depending on the cut-off and country, and no diagnostic interference due to infection with C. pseudotuberculosis was recorded. Sp in pigs was 100%, regardless the cut-off point applied, and no significant differences were observed between pigs from Norway and from Spain. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its excellent Sp in pigs and acceptable Sp in cattle and sheep, this ELISA may constitute a suitable option for TB screening at herd level, particularly in OTF-countries. ; Jose Antonio Infantes-Lorenzo was supported by an FPU contract-fellowship (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte of the Spanish Government (FPU2013/6000). Alvaro Roy is the recipient of an Industrial Doctorate contract (DI-15-08110) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Social Fund. Javier Bezos is recipient of a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación research contract (IJCI-2015-24805) funded by the MINECO.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheriesand Food and the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria yAlimentaria of Spain (RTA2015–00043-C02–02). This is a contribution to PlanNacional de I + D + i grant CGL2017–89866 WILD-DRIVER. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria of Spain (RTA2015–00043-C02–02). This is a contribution to Plan Nacional de I + D + i grant CGL2017–89866 WILD-DRIVER. The funding body was solely involved in funding and had no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or in writing the manuscript. ; Sí

Examines the lack of telecommunications development in southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, & Greece) relative to the northern countries, identifying causes specific to policy making, institutions, & political relations between the state & telecommunications management. A north-south comparison indicates that the problem has become magnified with the emergence of new technologies, the globalization of trade, economic liberalization, & integration. The structural policies of the Greek, Italian, Spanish, & Portuguese telecommunications programs are analyzed, highlighting the difficulties in balancing governmental regulation with effective competition-inducing strategies. Institutionalization of change, conflicts between governmental parties, the strategic positioning of unions, & the fragmentation of interests are explored as the most significant variables in terms of understanding & alleviating the developmental lag. 4 Tables, 4 Figures, 26 References. Adapted from the source document.

Trabajo de Fin de Máster en Corrupción y Estado de Derecho. Curso 2013-2014. ; [ES]Pocos asuntos están tan presentes actualmente en los debates como lo está el tema de la corrupción pública. Este hecho es consecuencia de la amplia divulgación de escándalos de corrupción por los medios de comunicación y también fruto de un despertar social y académico respecto a los graves problemas generados en el ámbito social, político y económico. En ese escenario la persecución criminal de la corrupción es también puesta en discusión y en la mayoría de los casos criticada, ante su incapacidad de investigar, enjuiciar y juzgar los casos de corrupción pública, especialmente la de alto rango, generando una nefasta sensación de impunidad. Bajo esas perspectivas se analiza el rol de la policía judicial en el combate a la corrupción pública dentro de las realidades de Brasil y España, para al final señalar sus retos institucionales y directrices a seguir para una actuación más eficiente en el combate a ese grave problema en esas dos sociedades. ; [ENG] Few issues are as present in the current debates like the public corruption one. This fact is a consequence of the wide dissemination of corruption scandals by the media and it is also the result of a social and academic awakening about the serious problems generated in the social, political and economic environment. Within this context, the criminal prosecution of the public corruption is also put in debate and in most cases criticized in reason of the failures in the investigations, prosecutions and judgment of the cases, especially the ones of the high ranking corruption. All these negative perceptions resulting in a terrible sense of impunity. Under these perspectives the role of the judicial pólice is analyzed in fighting public corruption within the realities of Brazil and Spain. Institutional challenges and guidelines to follow are pointed at the end of the study with the aim of proposing a more efficient action in combating this serious problema in these two socities.

En: Arbitraje: revista de arbitraje comercial y de inversiones. eISSN. 2603-9281. vol. 6, n. 2, 2013, pp 455-467 ; El pasado año tanto Francia como España culminaron la reforma de sus respectivas normas reguladoras del arbitraje. Lo que para Francia constituye la consumación de un proceso de reforma muy esperado por la comunidad arbitral francesa, y que ha supuesto la modificación de un cuerpo legislativo de más de 30 años de antigüedad, se presenta en el caso español como una reforma que algunos han calificado de prematura al producirse la misma tan sólo algunos años después de la entrada en vigor de la Ley de Arbitraje española. El objeto de este artículo consiste en el estudio pormenorizado de las principales reformas introducidas en las normativas española y francesa, desde una perspectiva comparativa en la que se analizarán las principales aportaciones de las mismas a la normativa preexistente así como las diferencias más relevantes entre dichas reformas, calificándose a la luz de la experiencia internacional la transcendencia y el posible impacto de cada una de ellas. ; Last year both France and Spain led the reform of their respective Laws on arbitration. What for France meant the consummation of a reform process long-awaited by the French arbitration community, and has led to the amendment of a legislative body over thirty-years old, in the Spanish case is presented as a reform that some have qualified as premature, since it was done only a few years after the entry into force of the Spanish Arbitration Act. The purpose of this paper is a detailed study of the major reforms in the Spanish and French systems in a comparative perspective. It will analyze the main contributions to the existing regulations as well as the most relevant differences between these reforms, by means of a qualification at the light of international experience of the transcendence and the potential impact of each reform.

En: Arbitraje: revista de arbitraje comercial y de inversiones. eISSN. 2603-9281. vol. 6, n. 2, 2013, pp 455-467 ; El pasado año tanto Francia como España culminaron la reforma de sus respectivas normas reguladoras del arbitraje. Lo que para Francia constituye la consumación de un proceso de reforma muy esperado por la comunidad arbitral francesa, y que ha supuesto la modificación de un cuerpo legislativo de más de 30 años de antigüedad, se presenta en el caso español como una reforma que algunos han calificado de prematura al producirse la misma tan sólo algunos años después de la entrada en vigor de la Ley de Arbitraje española. El objeto de este artículo consiste en el estudio pormenorizado de las principales reformas introducidas en las normativas española y francesa, desde una perspectiva comparativa en la que se analizarán las principales aportaciones de las mismas a la normativa preexistente así como las diferencias más relevantes entre dichas reformas, calificándose a la luz de la experiencia internacional la transcendencia y el posible impacto de cada una de ellas. ; Last year both France and Spain led the reform of their respective Laws on arbitration. What for France meant the consummation of a reform process long-awaited by the French arbitration community, and has led to the amendment of a legislative body over thirty-years old, in the Spanish case is presented as a reform that some have qualified as premature, since it was done only a few years after the entry into force of the Spanish Arbitration Act. The purpose of this paper is a detailed study of the major reforms in the Spanish and French systems in a comparative perspective. It will analyze the main contributions to the existing regulations as well as the most relevant differences between these reforms, by means of a qualification at the light of international experience of the transcendence and the potential impact of each reform.

Chapter 1. Why Gas? -- Chapter 2. Why Latin Europe? -- Part 1: Dawn and Consolidation of Latin Europe's Industrialisation: the Evolution of Gas in the 19th Century -- Chapter 3. The Internationalization of the English Gas Industry in Latin Europe in the 19th Century -- Chapter 4. First Steps of Industrial Associationism in Latin Europe's Gas Sector: the Société Française De L'industrie Du Gaz -- Chapter 5. Gas Lighting for the Crown: análisis of the Use of Gas Lighting Within the Festivities to Commemorate the Bonaparte and the Bourbon Dynasties in Paris (France) and Madrid (Spain) -- Chapter 6. Entrepreneurial Initiatives, Foreign Investment, and Marketing Implementation of Gas Services in Portuguese Cities of Lisbon and Porto During the Second Half of the 19th Century -- Chapter 7. The Role of the Technical Press in the Diffusion of Gas in Europe: the Case of Le Gaz Journal, 1857-1880 -- Part 2: the Turning Point: Competition Between Gas and Electricity at the Turn of the 19th Century -- Chapter 8. Gas Versus Electricity in Paris and Rome From the 1880s to the 1910s -- Chapter 9. The Gas Industry of the North of Spain, C. 1845-1945 -- Chapter 10. Gas as a Goal. The Evolution of Gas Technology in Spain Until 1936 -- Chapter 11. The Impact of World War Ii on Gas Production in Latin Europe -- Chapter 12. The Use of Computers in the Spanish Gas Industry. The First Comer: Catalana De Gas Y Electricidad (1962-1969).

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1: Bridging Worlds - Building Feminist Geographies: Essays in Honour of Janice Monk -- References -- Part I: Gender and Feminist Geographies: Perspectives from around the World -- Chapter 2: Connecting Distant Academic Landscapes, Inspiring Researchers: Jan Monk's Role in Developing Gender Geography and Geohumanities in Spain -- Introduction -- Jan's role in the development of international gender geography -- Jan's involvement in the development of gender geography in Spain -- Jan's role in the development of geohumanities approaches in Spain -- Final remarks -- References -- Chapter 3: Crossing Borders, Exotic Women and the Challenge of Teaching Gender in World Regional Geography and Area Studies Courses -- Orientalism and the problem of border crossing -- Structures and ideologies of hierarchy and difference -- Conclusions -- Afterward -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4: Centering Fireside Knowledge and Utu Feminisms: On Writing Feminist Margins from the Margins -- References -- Chapter 5: The Value of Feminist Scholarship: Renegotiating Spaces for Gender and Geography in Post-Communist Romania -- Introduction: place-ing gender studies in Romanian geography -- Institutional structures to foster cross-border personal and professional networks -- Reflections from teaching gender and geography for the past 15+ years -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6: Women in Geography: The Case of the International Geographical Union -- Introduction -- The IGU and its membership -- Women in geography: the IGU Executive Committee 1922-2022 -- Women in geography: the IGU Commissions and Task Forces steering committees, 2004-2022 -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References.

All over the world, borders are places of separation, distinction and violence on the one hand, and of encounter, mobility and everyday practices on the other. This is particularly true of the external borders of the European Union. When Spain joined the European Communities in 1986, Ceuta and Melilla, two cities in North Africa, became such an external border and the six-metre-high fences surrounding them became a symbol of "Fortress Europe". But what does this mean for the people who live in such a place? How do they experience everyday life in a "caged city", and how do they interpret their experiences?
This sociological study focuses on figurations between old-established groupings in the border space between Spain and Morocco, and reconstructs a post-colonial border space in the light of transformation processes and slowly changing power balances, in which belongings and views of history are constantly being renegotiated.
Different actors in the border space are studied from the perspective of figurational sociology, the sociology of memory and biographical research. Four detailed case analyses serve to illustrate the complexity of local social realities. These are embedded in historical and present-day social constellations in this border space between Spain and Morocco, and it is made clear that constructions of belonging and power relations in Ceuta and Melilla can only be understood in the context of colonial and post-colonial processes and events.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- List of contributors -- Abbreviations -- Introduction: rethinking Chinese diasporic media -- China's soft power and the decline of the old diasporic media network -- Diaspora and transnationalism -- Chinese transnationalism -- The chapters -- Notes -- References -- 1. "New Migrants" from the PRC and the Transformation of Chinese Media: the case of Cambodia -- The politics of Chinese ethnicity in contemporary Cambodia -- The transformation of Chinese news media in Cambodia -- Media pluralism and the framing of ethnic identity -- Notes -- References -- 2. The Conundrum of the "Honorary Whites": media and being Chinese in South Africa -- From ROC to PRC: migrants and their media -- The price to pay for being "honorary whites" -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- 3. An Overseas Orthodoxy?: shifting toward Pro-PRC Media in Chinese-speaking Brazil -- History and recent development of Chinese migration to Brazil -- Chinese-language media in the Latin American context -- Brazilian Chinese-language media in historical perspective -- Nanmei Qiaobao and its predecessors -- Meizhou Huabao (Illustrated paper of the American continent) -- Taiwan Qiaobao/Zhoubao (Taiwan paper of overseas Chinese/Weekly paper) -- Historical progression -- Content, sources, and purposes of NMQB -- New media -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4. Bridge or Barrier: migration, media, and the sojourner mentality in Chinese communities in Italy and Spain -- Chinese immigration in Spain and Italy -- The Chinese-language media in Spain and Italy -- A press facing challenges and difficulties -- Relations between host country and China -- Audience opinion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References.

Intro -- NEW TRENDS TOWARDS MEDITERRANEAN TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY -- NEW TRENDS TOWARDS MEDITERRANEAN TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WHALE-WATCHING INDUSTRY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. VALUES AND TYPES OF WHALE-WATCHING -- 2.1. Values Provided by Whale-Watching -- 2.2. Whale-Watching Platform Types -- 3. DEVELOPMENT OF A WHALE-WATCHING INDUSTRY. THE CASE OF THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR -- 4. FROM THE RESERVE TO THE RESOURCE. THE POTENTIAL FOR WHALE-WATCHING DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEDITERRANEAN -- 5. IMPACTS OF WHALE-WATCHING: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOMENT -- 6. THE IMPORTANCE OF REGULATION FOR SUSTAINABLE WHALE-WATCHING OPERATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: GEOTOURISM AND THE SLOW MOVEMENT IN PORTUGAL: A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- GEOTOURISM IN PORTUGAL -- THE SLOW MOVEMENT IN PORTUGAL -- GEOTOURISM AND THE SLOW MOVEMENT -- SLOW GEOTOURISTIC ITINERARIES -- The "Marble Routes" -- Geotourism in the Three Castles Region of Sebastião da Gama -- Ecclesiastical Geology in the City of Lisbon -- Ecclesiastical Geotourism in the Convento do Espinheiro Hotel (Évora) -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: SUSTAINABILITY OF GOLF IN SPAIN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GOLF IN SPAIN -- 3. GOLF AND THE ENVIRONMENT -- 4. GLOBAL ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF GOLF COURSES IN SPAIN -- 4.1. Analysis of Socioeconomic Sustainability -- 4.1.1. Socioeconomic Profitability -- I. The Importance of Combining Social Benefit with Economic Profitability of the Golf Course -- II. The Economic Viability of Operating a Golf Course -- III. Competitors -- 4.1.2. Existing Infrastructure -- 4.1.3. Structure of Land Ownership.

1. America, Iberia, and Africa before the conquest -- Amerindian civilizations on the eve of European conquest -- The Iberian world in the late fifteenth century -- Atlantic Africa in the fifteenth century -- First encounters in the New World -- 2. The age of conquest -- The conquest of Mexico -- The conquest of Peru -- The ebbtide of conquest -- Black participation in the age of conquest -- Conundrums and the Columbian exchange -- 3. Ruling new world empires -- Imperial organization and administration -- The colonial church -- 4. Population and labor -- Changes in the colonial population -- Indian labor -- Slavery and the slave trade -- 5. Production, exchange, and defense -- The mining and sugar industries -- International trade and taxation -- Defense -- The colonial economy -- 6. The social economy : societies of caste and class -- Evolution of colonial societies -- The elites -- Urban and rural middle groups -- The broad base of colonial society -- 7. The family and society -- Family : the foundation of colonial society -- Women in colonial societies and economies -- The culture of honor -- 8. Living in an empire -- Colonial settings -- Daily life in the colonies -- The cultural milieu -- 9. Imperial expansion -- The Spanish colonies, 1680s to 1762 -- Brazil in the age of expansion -- New Spain, Peru, and the reforms of Charles III -- The emergence of the periphery in Spanish America -- 10. Crisis and collapse -- An era of war and crisis for Spain and Portugal -- Independence in South America -- Independence in Mexico and Central America -- Cuba : the "ever faithful isle" -- Spain after the loss of the mainland empire -- Epilogue

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Who are the Roma? -- Poverty in Transition -- History -- Roma Diversity, Culture, and Social Exclusion -- Policy Approaches and Debates -- Conclusions -- Chapter 2 An Overview of Roma Poverty and Welfare -- Measurement Challenges -- How Is Poverty Measured? -- An Analysis of Roma Poverty in Three Countries -- Correlates of Poverty -- Multivariate Analysis of Roma Poverty -- Housing -- Labor Market Status -- Developments in Transition -- Education Status -- Health Status -- Conclusions -- Chapter 3 Poverty and Exclusion: Roma Settlements in the Slovak Republic -- Roma in Slovakia -- Poverty in Roma Settlements -- Economic Activities and Coping Strategies -- Access to Social Services -- Reducing Poverty in Settlements -- Chapter 4 Roma Diversity in Romania -- From Slavery to Ceauşescu -- The Transition Period and Beyond -- The Diversity of Roma Settlements -- Income Sources and Economic Opportunities -- Access to Social Services -- Social and Ethnic Relations -- Current Policy Developments -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Project Experience in Hungary -- A Regional Frontrunner -- Government Policies and Approaches -- Project Experience: An Overview -- Project Case Studies -- Project Experience: Lessons Learned -- Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Roma in Spain -- Roma in Spain: A Western European Example -- The National Program for the Development of Roma -- European Union Support for Roma in Spain -- Conclusions -- Chapter 7 The Road Ahead -- The Nature of Roma Poverty and Policy Context -- Policy Implications and Approaches -- Policy Directions -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- About the Authors -- Index -- BOXES -- 1 In Their Own Words -- 2.1 Who Are the Roma? -- 2.2 Spatial Segregation within Roma Settlements -- 2.3 Measuring Unemployment.

Abstract
Onward migration is generally defined as the process whereby people leave the country of origin, settle in a second country, and then migrate to a third country when circumstances change. This study advances the conceptualisation of onward migration by exploring the trajectories of 51 Colombian parents who settled in Spain in the early 2000s and then onward migrated to London after the 2008 crisis through the lens of relationality and mobility. Drawing from life history interviews, this article identifies five types of onward migration trajectories resulting from the interplay between structural and relational factors such as family obligations, gender roles, loving and conflictual relationships. For some parents, (1) onward migration unfolded linearly as they could move directly from Spain to London without significant factors constraining their move. For others, (2) onward migration was delayed by experiences of immobility. (3) Onward migration was achieved in a stepwise fashion when parents or their family members had to move to other countries to acquire the capital needed to onward migrate or to facilitate their family's onward migration. (4) Some underwent multiple onward migrations before finding a desirable alternative to Spain. Finally, (5) in other cases onward migration followed other types of international mobilities when these did not bring about the desired outcomes. Ultimately, this article proposes a conceptualisation of onward migration as an open-ended, relational process that may entail and be achieved through multiple international im/mobilities.