Suchergebnisse

Based on the number of bearing trees and realized production in investigated period (2000-2009) in fruit production in Serbia, the most important fruits are plums, apples, and cherries. With an average production of 482,000 tones, plums contribute 44.90% of total fruit production followed by apples (19.20%), and sour cherries and raspberries with an average share of 7.55% each. Analysis of the investigated period reveals a tendency of the fruit production increase. Trend of increase was especially evident in plum production (rate of change 9.81%), followed by apple (7.42%), apricot (7.31%), peach (6.83%) and cherry 6.64%. From 2010 to 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of Republic of Serbia adopted measures through the National Program of Agriculture for the development of fruit and viticulture production. The measures primarily relate to the production and distribution of planting material, cultural technology with special emphasis on organic production, logistics, quality and standards for packaging. At this time, there is a great opportunity for the adoption of quality production from the choice of certified planting materials and modern variety selections to revolutionize this branch of agriculture. Serbia has many natural advantages for fruit production: the spatial and biological diversity, favorable climate conditions, and our tradition in the fruit production. A considerable interest among fruit farmers, steady government support through incentives and integration through cooperatives (associations) could translate into significant results.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Prologue: The Ethics of Secularism -- Acknowledgment -- Introduction: Living Outside Eden -- The Knowledge of Good and Evil -- Ethics Without God -- Jesus, Moses, and Mohammed Versus Socrates -- Part I -- 1. The Failure of Theistic Morality -- Transcendental Ethics -- Platonism -- Theistic Morality -- Absolute Morality Versus Situation Ethics -- God and Obligation -- 2. Ethical Inquiry -- Two Kinds of Morality -- Ethical Dilemmas -- What Constitutes an Ethical Dilemma? -- The Beginnings of Ethical Inquiry -- Part II -- 3. The Common Moral Decencies -- Principles, Moral and Ethical -- Objective Relativism -- The Justification of Ethical Principles -- A Catalogue of the Common Moral Decencies -- I. Integrity -- Truthfulness -- Promise-Keeping -- Sincerity -- Honesty -- II. Trustworthiness -- Fidelity -- Dependability -- III. Benevolence -- Good Will -- Nonmalfeasance as Applied to Persons -- Nonmalfeasance as Applied to Private and Public Property -- Sexual Consent -- Beneficence -- IV. Fairness -- Gratitude -- Accountability -- Justice -- Tolerance -- Cooperation -- 4. Excelsior: The Ethics of Excellence -- What Is Value? -- Standards of Excellence -- Ethical Excellence -- Excelsior -- I. Excellence Primarily in Regard to Oneself -- Autonomy -- Intelligence -- Self-Discipline -- Self-Respect -- Creativity -- Motivation -- Affirmation -- Health -- Joie de Vivre -- Aesthetic Appreciation -- II. Excellence as Related to Others -- Integrity -- Trustworthiness -- Benevolence -- Fairness -- 5. Responsibilities -- Responsibilities to Oneself -- Responsibilities to Others -- Parental Responsibilities -- Filial Obligations -- Marital Obligations -- The Extended Family -- Friends -- Small-Group Interactions -- Beyond Ethnicity -- The World Community -- Why Ought I to Be Moral?.

Objectivity, although a relatively modern concept in American journalism, has become the standard by which reporters operate in the democratic arena. Along with fairness and balance, it guides journalists in their pursuit of truth. The press began to embrace the idea of objectivity in the middle of the nineteenth century in an attempt to shuck both its partisan past and broad reliance on political parties. Instead of a zealous advocate and ally of the parties, it became a neutral and independent medium of communication, though still retaining its role on editorial pages as an opinion leader. Now, the common practice of today's press is to sift through the facts to present news that is both accurate and objective without letting bias seep into coverage. Through the in-depth examination of candidates and prominent issues in editorials, news organizations are better able to engage readers, stimulate discussion and pontificate on politics. Nonetheless, while newspaper editorial pages still voice the paper's political preferences, fewer papers today choose to endorse political candidates. This presentation will document my analysis, as chronicled in a comprehensive and well-documented research paper, of political endorsements as a means in which media outlets can participate in public affairs. By looking at the transition of the American press from a political party instrument to an autonomous disseminator of ideas and information, I argue that today's endorsements, although subtle vestiges of nineteenth century partisanship, spur public discourse and help readers navigate the sea of political hype and propaganda endemic in contemporary campaigns.

Fresh fruit and vegetables have been identified as a significant source of pathogens and chemical contaminants. As a result, there has been a wealth of research on identifying and controlling hazards at all stages in the supply chain. Improving the safety of fresh fruit and vegetables reviews this research and its implications for food processors. Part one reviews the major hazards affecting fruit and vegetables such as pathogens and pesticide residues. Building on this foundation, Part two discusses ways of controlling these hazards through such techniques as HACCP and risk assessment. The final part of the book analyses the range of decontamination and preservation techniques available, from alternatives to hypochlorite washing systems and ozone decontamination to good practice in storage and transport. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Improving the safety of fresh fruit and vegetables is a standard reference for all those involved in fruit and vegetable production and processing. Reviews recent research on controlling hazards at all stages of the supply chainDiscusses the implications of this research on food processorsDiscusses the implications of this research on food processors

ABSTRACT Fruit pulp is the most basic food product obtained from fresh fruit processing. Fruit pulps can be cold stored for long periods of time, but they also can be used to fabricate juices, ice creams, sweets, jellies and yogurts. The exploitation of tropical fruits has leveraged the entire Brazilian fruit pulp sector due mainly to the high acceptance of their organoleptic properties and remarkable nutritional facts. However, several works published in the last decades have pointed out unfavorable conditions regarding the consumption of tropical fruit pulps. This negative scenario has been associated with unsatisfactory physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of fruits pulps as outcomes of little knowledge and improper management within the fruit pulp industry. There are protocols for delineating specific identity and quality standards (IQSs) and standardized good manufacturing practices (GMP) for fruit pulps, which also embrace standard operating procedures (SOPs) and hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP), although this latter is not considered mandatory by the Brazilian legislation. Unfortunately, the lack of skilled labor, along with failures in complying established protocols have impaired quality of fruit pulps. It has been necessary to collect all information available with the aim to identify the most important hazards within fruit pulp processing lines. Standardizing methods and practices within the Brazilian fruit pulp industry would assurance high quality status to tropical fruit pulps and the commercial growth of this vegetal product towards international markets.

The ripening of 6.0 million tonnes of imported dessert bananas each year in the European Union is an extensive but not well analysed process in the food industry. Data and information about the biochemistry and the technical realisation of the banana ripening process is missing. The control of the highly complex processes depends on the personal knowledge and experience of the ripening master. For a better understanding of the industrial process, an experimental banana ripening plant was developed, equipped with sensitive measuring technology and connected to a process control system. The produced data of the 4-day to 7-day ripening processes, carried out based on industrial standards and objectives, provides additional and new information about the food technological process. Based on the generated data and knowledge, a mathematical model of the banana ripening process was developed. Characteristic biochemical reactions, like the degradation of starch to soluble sugars and their further oxidation, the change of colour pigments and the ethene production, were described with the help of kinetics specified in related food technological and biotechnological processes. The plant effects and process characteristics were realised with the help of mass and energy balances. The simulation results confirm with the measured values with accuracy below 10%. With the help of the model significant banana ripening process variables, like the starch concentration in the pulp, the peel colour, the mass of bananas, the concentration of carbon dioxide, oxygen, water and ethene in the process air as well as the banana and process air temperature, are simulated and can be used for the process evaluation. Furthermore, the model can be used for the prediction of future process courses and thus help to ensure targeted ripening quality. The model was used to enhance the process control of industrial ripening procedures. For this purpose, the Open-Loop-Feedback-Optimal controller was applied for an adaptive and optimised banana ripening process control. Only two significant parameters, the starch oxidation speed factor and the colour change factor, were fitted to accurate describe the running process. A simplified model was used to calculate an optimised control function with the target of an optimal storage temperature the desired banana ripening degree. The adaption to varying process characteristics and changing ripening times was successfully applied in one ripening experiment. The model-based adaptive control can be used for high quality but practical banana ripening process control.

AbstractA comprehensive trade agreement has the potential to intensify agricultural trade between the United States and the European Union (EU). The cooperation on non‐tariff barriers including food safety standards and sanitary and phytosanitary issues will expand trade in fruits and vegetables. Using quarterly bilateral trade data at the U.S. state level, we deployed gravity models and probit equations and found that a 10% reduction in MRL stringency would promote trade by 5%. If the final provisions endorse the Codex MRLs, the U.S.‐EU agreement would boost U.S. exports of fruits and vegetables to the EU by $473 million a year.

This paper reviews changing income distributions in the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands, treating the three countries as leading economic performers in ' the three worlds of welfare capitalism.' Previous analyses have shown that earnings dispersion is increasing. The potential impact of government through the tax and transfer system has been largely ignored. It is shown that in the United States and Germany changes in market incomes favored the upper quintiles and that the bottom quintile became worse off. Government did nothing to reverse these trends. In the Netherlands the trend in market incomes was similar but the government redistributed, so that the bottom quintile' s post-government income increased along with the other quintiles. Data come from the PSID-GSOEP Equivalent File and the Dutch Socio-Economic Panel.

"Honduran Social Movements: Then and Now" published on by Oxford University Press.