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International audience ; This study describes method validation for determination of more than 40 pesticides in apples using GC technique. Target compounds belong to the groups of organochlorine, organophosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids, triazoles, dicarboximides, strobilurins etc. The sample preparation consists of acetone extraction and subsequent cleanup/concentration by SPE with polymer-based sorbent. Single quadrupole GC-MS operating in SIM mode and electron impact ionization was used for identification and quantification of the pesticides. The average recoveries obtained for analytes ranged between 70 and 110 % at three fortification levels - 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 mg kg-1. The relative standard deviation was lower than 20 % for all tested compounds. The calculated limits of detection and limits of quantification were below 0.01 mg kg-1 which were sufficiently low compared to the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by European legislation. The proposed method was applied for determination of pesticide residue in four selected apple varieties after harvesting. Whole and processed fruits (peels and peeled fruits) were analyzed from different schemes of treatment: two conventional, one based on integrated pest management (IPM) and two variants based on organic production (controls). Higher level of pesticide residues were found in apple fruits under conventional conditions. Fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos residues were detected frequently in apple peels at concentrations up to 0.45 and 0.77 mg kg-1, respectively. The levels found in the whole fruits of the same samples were much lower than in peels and below the respective MRLs (0.5 mg kg-1 for both pesticides). In the apples from IPM were found only measurable residues of triadimenol, concentrated in the peels up to 0.05 mg kg-1.

International audience ; This study describes method validation for determination of more than 40 pesticides in apples using GC technique. Target compounds belong to the groups of organochlorine, organophosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids, triazoles, dicarboximides, strobilurins etc. The sample preparation consists of acetone extraction and subsequent cleanup/concentration by SPE with polymer-based sorbent. Single quadrupole GC-MS operating in SIM mode and electron impact ionization was used for identification and quantification of the pesticides. The average recoveries obtained for analytes ranged between 70 and 110 % at three fortification levels - 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 mg kg-1. The relative standard deviation was lower than 20 % for all tested compounds. The calculated limits of detection and limits of quantification were below 0.01 mg kg-1 which were sufficiently low compared to the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by European legislation. The proposed method was applied for determination of pesticide residue in four selected apple varieties after harvesting. Whole and processed fruits (peels and peeled fruits) were analyzed from different schemes of treatment: two conventional, one based on integrated pest management (IPM) and two variants based on organic production (controls). Higher level of pesticide residues were found in apple fruits under conventional conditions. Fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos residues were detected frequently in apple peels at concentrations up to 0.45 and 0.77 mg kg-1, respectively. The levels found in the whole fruits of the same samples were much lower than in peels and below the respective MRLs (0.5 mg kg-1 for both pesticides). In the apples from IPM were found only measurable residues of triadimenol, concentrated in the peels up to 0.05 mg kg-1.

[EN] The increase in international trade due to globalization is evident in southeast Spain, which has become the top exporter of fruit and vegetables. Countries within the European Union, such as Germany and France, emphasize the sustainability and environmental impacts of these products. Hence, a greater understanding of the environmental implications of transporting fruit and vegetables between their origin and their destination might improve the sustainability of this commercial activity. The concept of a carbon footprint is a recognized environmental indicator that can be used for life cycle analysis. Here, a rigorous carbon footprint assessment was developed to examine the impact of using cardboard box containers to store and transport 1,000 t of fruit and vegetable products by road from their origin in Almería, Spain, to a destination market. The assessment included the fabrication of the cardboard boxes, the service they provide while transporting the products to the distribution center of the destination, and the end-of-life of the boxes for the six main products grown in Almería. The results showed that storing and transporting 1,000 t of product by road emits between 58 t and 130 t of CO2e depending on the fruit or vegetable type and the destination market. The implications of the end-of-life scenarios with respect to the destination are also discussed. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for the transport distance. Lastly, biogenic CO2 production was also assessed according to standard carbon footprint assessment method. ; Lo-Iacono-Ferreira, VG.; Viñoles-Cebolla, R.; Bastante-Ceca, M.; Capuz-Rizo, SF. (2020). Transport of Spanish fruit and vegetables in cardboard boxes: A carbon footprint analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 244:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118784 ; S ; 1 ; 12 ; 244 ; Albrecht, S., Brandstetter, P., Beck, T., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., Grönman, K., Baitz, M., … Fischer, M. (2013). An extended life cycle analysis of packaging systems for fruit and ...

Legislation act of Fruit juices and nectars (Sl. list SRJ, No. 33/1995) and the new draft (new scheme of legislation concerning fruit, juices and nectars) are analyzed and compared in the paper. The aim was to determine the differences between old and new legislative acts. Both have general parameters of quality, such as ethanol and lactic acid contents. The new legislation includes specific parameters of quality adopted from A.I.J.N. (Association of the Industry of Juices and Nectars from Fruits and Vegetables - Code of Practice COP). They are also referenced in the Codex General Standard for Fruit Juices (247-2005). The International Fruit juice Union (IFU) has been preparing, testing and published methods of analysis for many years to assist fruit juice industry. The procedures have been prepared by experts in the fruit juice field. These specific methods of analysis are implemented in the analysis of fruit juices and nectars regarding their quality and authenticity. The analytical procedures cover all important parameters, such as the sugars, organic acids, minerals and other parameters. Numerous procedures are being used; wet chemistry, HPLC and enzyme linked assays. Numerous recommendations cover general areas such as patulin, heavy metals and oligosaccharide profiling methods. The control is necessary to avoid the import and marketing of non - authentic and even fraudulent juices and nectars whose components are sometimes completely devoid of fruit ingredients. . ; U radu su uporedno prikazani propisi o kvalitetu voćnih sokova i nektara iz važećeg Pravilnika i iz nacrta - predloga novog pravilnika o kvalitetu voćnih sokova i nektara. Cilj poređenja je bio da se uoče inovacije i shvati njihov značaj za kontrolisanje kvaliteta voćnih sokova i nektara. Oba pravilnika imaju opšte parametre kvaliteta, koji ukazuju na higijensku ispravnost sirovina i proizvoda (sadržaj etanola, isparljivih kiselina, mlečne kiseline). U nacrt predloženog pravilnika o kvalitetu voćnih sokova su ugrađeni tzv. 'posebni parametri kvaliteta' koji su preuzeti iz Propisa koje primenjuje AIJN (Udruženje industrije sokova i nektara). Ovim parametrima se proveravaju identitet i autentičnost sokova i nektara. Ovakva kontrola je neophodna da bi se obezbedio stvarni kvalitet ovih proizvoda i da bi se sprečio uvoz sokova i nektara koji, u stvari, to nisu po svom sastavu. .

Legislation act of Fruit juices and nectars (Sl. list SRJ, No. 33/1995) and the new draft (new scheme of legislation concerning fruit, juices and nectars) are analyzed and compared in the paper. The aim was to determine the differences between old and new legislative acts. Both have general parameters of quality, such as ethanol and lactic acid contents. The new legislation includes specific parameters of quality adopted from A.I.J.N. (Association of the Industry of Juices and Nectars from Fruits and Vegetables - Code of Practice COP). They are also referenced in the Codex General Standard for Fruit Juices (247-2005). The International Fruit juice Union (IFU) has been preparing, testing and published methods of analysis for many years to assist fruit juice industry. The procedures have been prepared by experts in the fruit juice field. These specific methods of analysis are implemented in the analysis of fruit juices and nectars regarding their quality and authenticity. The analytical procedures cover all important parameters, such as the sugars, organic acids, minerals and other parameters. Numerous procedures are being used; wet chemistry, HPLC and enzyme linked assays. Numerous recommendations cover general areas such as patulin, heavy metals and oligosaccharide profiling methods. The control is necessary to avoid the import and marketing of non - authentic and even fraudulent juices and nectars whose components are sometimes completely devoid of fruit ingredients. . ; U radu su uporedno prikazani propisi o kvalitetu voćnih sokova i nektara iz važećeg Pravilnika i iz nacrta - predloga novog pravilnika o kvalitetu voćnih sokova i nektara. Cilj poređenja je bio da se uoče inovacije i shvati njihov značaj za kontrolisanje kvaliteta voćnih sokova i nektara. Oba pravilnika imaju opšte parametre kvaliteta, koji ukazuju na higijensku ispravnost sirovina i proizvoda (sadržaj etanola, isparljivih kiselina, mlečne kiseline). U nacrt predloženog pravilnika o kvalitetu voćnih sokova su ugrađeni tzv. 'posebni parametri kvaliteta' koji su preuzeti iz Propisa koje primenjuje AIJN (Udruženje industrije sokova i nektara). Ovim parametrima se proveravaju identitet i autentičnost sokova i nektara. Ovakva kontrola je neophodna da bi se obezbedio stvarni kvalitet ovih proizvoda i da bi se sprečio uvoz sokova i nektara koji, u stvari, to nisu po svom sastavu. .

Nutrient, phytochemical, and antinutrient composition of Citrus maxima fruit juice and peel extract were determined. The fruit was procured from a garden in Trans‐Ekulu, Enugu East Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. Mature undamaged Citrus maxima fruits were thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove contamination, dirt, and air‐dried. The peel was separated from the pulp. The pulp (100 g) was blended and filtered through a muslin cloth to obtain a clear juice. The peel (50 g) was macerated with 200 ml of ethanol for 20 min. The peel extract was filtered through filter paper. The supernatant was concentrated by rotary evaporation. The peel extract was weighed and stored in a plastic container until needed. Proximate, mineral, vitamins, antinutrient, and phytochemical composition of the juice and peel extract were determined using standard procedures. Citrus maxima peel extract contains significantly (p Na > Ph > Fe > Mg > K in the juice and Ca > Ph > Na > Fe > K > Mg in the peel extract. Vitamin C content of the juice and peel extract were 26.36 mg/100 g and 19.34 mg/100 g, respectively. Citrus maxima peel is highly nutritive and rich in phytochemicals, further research is recommended to investigate its therapeutic effect.

Nutrient, phytochemical, and antinutrient composition of Citrus maxima fruit juice and peel extract were determined. The fruit was procured from a garden in Trans‐Ekulu, Enugu East Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. Mature undamaged Citrus maxima fruits were thoroughly washed with distilled water to remove contamination, dirt, and air‐dried. The peel was separated from the pulp. The pulp (100 g) was blended and filtered through a muslin cloth to obtain a clear juice. The peel (50 g) was macerated with 200 ml of ethanol for 20 min. The peel extract was filtered through filter paper. The supernatant was concentrated by rotary evaporation. The peel extract was weighed and stored in a plastic container until needed. Proximate, mineral, vitamins, antinutrient, and phytochemical composition of the juice and peel extract were determined using standard procedures. Citrus maxima peel extract contains significantly (p Na > Ph > Fe > Mg > K in the juice and Ca > Ph > Na > Fe > K > Mg in the peel extract. Vitamin C content of the juice and peel extract were 26.36 mg/100 g and 19.34 mg/100 g, respectively. Citrus maxima peel is highly nutritive and rich in phytochemicals, further research is recommended to investigate its therapeutic effect.

The consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) has a significant protective effect in reducing various cardiometabolic diseases. In recent years, the U.S. government has made a lot of effort to promote F&V consumption through different projects and programs, including the MyPyramid food guidance system supported by the USDA's Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, and the Fruits & Veggies More Matters program (previously called the 5-A-Day for Better Health program), supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other public and private agencies. However, modest success has been achieved in promoting healthy diets among the American public. Only 40% of Americans eat five or more servings of F&V daily. Using a higher-level F&V consumption standard, less than 10% of American adults meet the MyPyramid recommendations. In order to understand the factors affecting F&V consumption and to summarize the factors from different perspectives into a coherent framework, we look at previous research regarding these various factors and their relationship to F&V consumption. The factors coalesce in three main levels: individual factors, household factors and environmental factors. Individual factors include demographics, dietary habits, lifestyle, health status and sensory appeal; household factors are marital status, number of family members, number of children in the family and parenting practices; and environmental factors consist of food prices, food accessibility and availability, social interaction and seasonal factors. All of these factors may positively or negatively affect F&V consumption among different population groups. Our study will help future researchers and policy makers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this complex issue and develop more effect ideas for addressing it.

Cyprodinil is among the most common agrochemical residues found in highly perishable fruits, such as strawberries. In the present study, high-affinity monoclonal antibodies to this anilinopyrimidine fungicide were raised for the first time with the aim to produce valuable immunochemical analytical assays. Cyprodinil bioconjugates and the generated novel monoclonal antibodies were employed for sensitive competitive immunoassay development in two different formats. The limits of detection of the optimized assays were 20 and 30 ng L -1 for the indirect and direct assay, respectively. Influence over assay parameters of different physicochemical factors was studied. Strawberry samples were extracted following the recommended QuEChERS procedure for pesticide residues in food, and analyzed by the optimized immunoassays. Recoveries and coefficients of variation from fortified samples were within standard values. In addition, the obtained immunochemical results with naturally contaminated samples were statistically comparable, according to Deming regression analysis, to those of a reference chromatographic method. ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AGL2009-12940-C02-01-02/ALI and AGL2012-39965-C02-01-02/ALI) and cofinanced by FEDER Funds. J.V.M. and F.A.E.-T. were hired by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the former under a Ramón y Cajal contract and the latter under a JAE-doc contract, both of them financed by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the European Social Fund – European Union. G.Q.-R. is a recipient of a PROMEP predoctoral fellowship from Secretaría de Educación Pública of the Mexican government. Proteomic analysis was carried out in the SCIE University of Valencia Proteomics Unit, a member of the ISCIII ProteoRedProteomics Platform. ; Peer Reviewed

The consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) has a significant protective effect in reducing various cardiometabolic diseases. In recent years, the U.S. government has made a lot of effort to promote F&V consumption through different projects and programs, including the MyPyramid food guidance system supported by the USDA's Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, and the Fruits & Veggies More Matters program (previously called the 5-A-Day for Better Health program), supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other public and private agencies. However, modest success has been achieved in promoting healthy diets among the American public. Only 40% of Americans eat five or more servings of F&V daily. Using a higher-level F&V consumption standard, less than 10% of American adults meet the MyPyramid recommendations. In order to understand the factors affecting F&V consumption and to summarize the factors from different perspectives into a coherent framework, we look at previous research regarding these various factors and their relationship to F&V consumption. The factors coalesce in three main levels: individual factors, household factors and environmental factors. Individual factors include demographics, dietary habits, lifestyle, health status and sensory appeal; household factors are marital status, number of family members, number of children in the family and parenting practices; and environmental factors consist of food prices, food accessibility and availability, social interaction and seasonal factors. All of these factors may positively or negatively affect F&V consumption among different population groups. Our study will help future researchers and policy makers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this complex issue and develop more effect ideas for addressing it.

Recently countries are gaining opportunities and confronting confront obstacles arising from global supply chain integration. The main objective of this paper is to explore business opportunities and threats in terms of logistics and supply chain management of exporting Thai fruits to India. Supply Chain Analysis (SCA) framework is used to analyse the business opportunities and logistics management in India market in schemes run by the modern trade to assist smallholders with production and marketing. The study, consequently, intends to explore empirically the pattern of Thai fruits supply chain management and restructuring in India market. The patterns of logistics and supply chain management found in this study are substantiated and linked with the existing modern trade scheme to see whether there are inconsistencies in the policies and actual implementations. This presents threats as well as opportunities for smallholders in Thailand. The standard set by buyers requires farmers to adjust their production and marketing systems. Assistances for farmers are derived from modern trade and government and collaborations amongst these two parties. MICE is proposed to be a mechanism to promote opportunities of exporting Thai fruits to India.

AbstractThe main goal of the research is to consider and compare the importance of fruits and vegetables in external trade in goods of the Republic of Serbia. According to the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), "Vegetables and Fruit" is a division that is dominant in Serbian exports of agricultural and food products, and it is necessary to investigate its competitiveness. The key tools used in the analysis are the coverage of imports by exports, then the Contribution to the Trade Balance (CTB) index, as well as the analysis of unit values of exports and imports, in order to compare and evaluate the structure of external trade in fruits and vegetables. The results show that fruit, according to all indicators, has a significantly higher competitiveness compared to vegetables, as well as a higher importance in external trade of goods. This knowledge can serve the creators of agricultural policy to favour the production and exports of fruit products because they can radically improve the structure of total exports, especially when it comes to processed products. Since this is a perennial plantation, the results cannot be expected in a shorter period of time. The previous research has not specifically considered the importance of this segment of agri-food exports and its internal competitiveness (having in mind the applied indicators), which is the main benefit of the study within this paper.

The domain of governance has largely been extolled by Nations, States or governmental and intergovernmental actors especially in upholding Nations' sovereignty and values. While this still holds, governance complexity has been reinforced by establishment of global value chains such as in food and agriculture commodities increasingly being influenced and controlled by non-state actors in different parts of the world by both corporate and retail actors through private governance mechanisms. These mechanisms often fall short of universal standards and the resultant effect is ramified through proliferation of standards that result to state of governance that is constantly being redefined as 'codes of colours'. This paper thus seeks for an alternate dimension based on Foucault's governmentality theory. The quest for this overarching theory is based on its mediatory role that regulates the excesses of private interests in regulations while not prioritizing any state's sovereignty but views governance inclusively to both the State and non-state actors; this view promotes the broader understating of global value chains in the global economy of the 21st century. The paper's methodology is based on literature review pertinent to governance theory, value chain governance, governmentality as its key variables in light of the agrifood sector. It applies the value chain discourse and governmentatity in light of the Kenya's Horticultural export and strategic positioning to the EU market. This paper's novelty in light of the discourse and building on the body of knowledge and for the plausible ways and means to re-articulate value chain governance in the global economy while creating a viable alternative between the States, and Non-State actors for the benefit of both the upstream agents and downstream customers.

This publication analyzes the use of voluntary standards and certification schemes in the food markets of the United States of America and Canada. The main product categories examined are tropical fruits, coffee and cocoa owing to their economic significance to many developing countries and their high market potential in North America.--Publisher's description

Away-from-home foods are regulated with respect to the prevention of food-borne diseases and potential contaminants, but not for their contribution to dietary-related chronic diseases. Away-from-home foods have more calories, salt, sugar, and fat and provide fewer fruits and vegetables than recommended by national nutrition guidelines; thus, frequent consumption of away-from-home foods contributes to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. In light of this, many localities are already adopting regulations or sponsoring programs to improve the quality of away-from-home foods. We review the rationale for developing nutritional performance standards for away-from-home foods in light of limited human capacity to regulate intake or physiologically compensate for a poor diet. We offer a set of model performance standards to be considered as a new area of environmental regulation. Models for voluntary implementation of consumer standards exist in the environmental domain and may be useful templates for implementation. Implementing such standards, whether voluntarily or via regulations, will require addressing a number of practical and ideological challenges. Politically, regulatory standards contradict the belief that adults should be able to navigate dietary risks in away-from-home settings unaided.