Abstract In Colombia, political decisions related to the countryside preserve an unjust social order, maintaining inequities and obstacles to the well-being and life quality of farmers. In this scenario the Territorial Arrangement Planning of the San Nicolas Valley, in the East of the department of Antioquia, has generated a series of rural conflicts that accentuate the vulnerabilities of rural residents, threatening the agricultural tradition in this subregion. Thus, this study inquired about the perceptions of legality in the peasant population of the area. A descriptive-correlational study with non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, including 380 peasants, members of civic-rural associations of the San Nicolas Valley, evaluating in four scales: beliefs, values, knowledge of the law and perceived legality in the context. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS v.22 software. The findings indicated significant relationships between the study variables. Despite the state abandonment of the proletariat to market forces in an area with socioeconomic imbalances, no determining link was found between low income and violation of the law.
Does the occurrence of flood disaster increase the risk of communal conflict and if so, does trust in state political institutions mitigate the adverse effect? This study addresses these questions by studying the intervening effect of trust in local governmental institutions at a sub-national level. The effect of flood disasters on the risk of communal violence is expected to be contingent on peoples' trust that local political structures are able to address potential disputes between groups. Violent conflicts, in that sense, are neither inevitable nor directly determined by the occurrence of disasters. They largely depend on the context of a given society and political response to these external shocks. To test this expectation, the study uses survey data on trust in local state institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa from the Afrobarometer (2005–2018), combined with geo-referenced communal conflict and flood data. In line with theoretical expectations, results suggest that flood disasters are associated with communal violence only for administrative districts that are governed by distrusted local state institutions. Conversely, flood disasters tend to be negatively associated with the risk of communal clashes in the presence of highly trusted local government councils and (especially) trusted judicial courts. Changing model specifications and estimation techniques produces similar results. An out-of-sample cross-validation also shows that accounting for political variables, in addition to flood disasters, improves the predictive performance of the model.
This policy history describes how community choice aggregation was created in Massachusetts by a small group of advocates and subsequently spread across the US. Twenty-one interviews with key participants, primary materials from government and personal archives, and newspaper articles were used to attribute and corroborate these events. A new finding is that community choice aggregation was created as part of electric sector restructuring efforts in Massachusetts in 1997, but that this new policy was barely perceived by many stakeholders in the larger restructuring process, and was included by legislators in response to advocates who organized local governments through direct democracy strategies. Kingdon's multiple streams approach provides a useful framework to understand how organizing by advocates led to successful passage of legislation in Massachusetts. The spread of community choice aggregation to other states occurred through organizing that combined advocacy with policy learning and emulation. CCA has since been adopted by more than 1800 local governments that represent more than 36 million people in six states. This article concludes by discussing the early outcomes, current status, and some prospective implications of community choice aggregation.
"A svmmary table of all the chapters ." p. [7-10] ; Includes marginal references ; Imprint date from colophon ; Translation of: Les six livres de la république ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Special Collections copy has bookplate of Don Cameron Allen
[16], 71, [1]; 144 p. ; Dedication signed: Thomas Morton. ; Erroneously attributed to Bishop Thomas Morton. ; "Of the Catholicke Church" (caption title) begins new pagination on ² B1r. ; Identified as STC 18194 on UMI microfilm. ; Reproduction of the original in the Union Theological Seminary (New York, N.Y.). Library.
[48] p. ; Signatures: A-F⁴. ; Running title reads: A declaration of the ende of traytors. ; Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
[12], 794, [2] p. : ill. ; Translation of: Les six livres de la république. ; Printer's name from colophon. ; The first leaf and the last leaf are blank. ; Variant: with a printed slip in Latin bearing a commendation by W. Sh[uger]. This note is reprinted on the cancel title page of STC 3193.5. ; Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library.
The article discloses the foundations of the stock market development and understanding the essence of the stock market infrastructure based on the study of existing approaches to state regulation of the provision of financial services, in particular in the stock market. A key component of the stock market infrastructure is the implementation of exchange trading in securities, which is determined by the volume and number of securities on stock exchanges. The analysis of the conditions for the development and growth of the total volume of exchange trading in securities in the framework of the analysis of the dynamics of trading on the stock market of Ukraine in 2014–2020, which is determined by the desire to increase the capitalization of market participants. The conditions for the development of the stock market infrastructure and measures of government influence on the participants in financial relations, which will include sufficient institutional, organizational, technical, financial support for their interaction in the market, are indicated. It is noted that the key in the development of the stock market is the mechanism of state regulation and self-regulation. The directions of state regulation in the development of the stock market have been determined, which implies the implementation of measures to improve the activity of capital markets in order to attract additional investmentresources to the country's economy and reduce the barriers to access to the stock market. In this context, government regulation should help to strengthen the institutional foundations of the stock market with the improvement of the processes of issuing government debt securities, as one of the most effective tools for attracting monetary resources to the country's economy at the present stage. However, this can be achieved by developing a comprehensive strategy for managing government debt securities and studying the possibility of their targeted use for those industries or projectsthat ensure economic development and create prerequisites for expandedreproduction. ; В статье раскрыты основы развития фондового рынка и понимание сущности инфраструктура фондового рынка на основе исследования существующих подходов к государственному регулированию деятельности по предоставлению финансовых услуг, в частности на фондовом рынке. Ключевой составляющей инфраструктуры фондового рынка выступает осуществление биржевой торговли ценными бумагами, что определяется объемом и количеством ценных бумаг на фондовых биржах. Проведен анализ условий развития и роста объема биржевой торговли ценными бумагами в рамках анализа динамики торгов на фондовом рынке Украины в 2014–2020 годах, что определяется стремлением к увеличению капитализации участников рынка. Указаны условия развития инфраструктуры фондового рынка и меры воздействия со стороны государства на участников финансовых отношений, которые будут включать достаточное институциональное, организационное, техническое, финансовое обеспечение для их взаимодействия на рынке.Отмечено, что ключевым в развитии фондового рынка выступает механизм государственного регулирования и саморегулирования. Определены направления государственного регулирования в развитии фондового рынка, что предполагает реализацию мероприятий по совершенствованию деятельности рынков капитала с целью привлечения дополнительных инвестиционных ресурсов в экономику страны и уменьшения барьеры доступа к фондовому рынку. В данном контексте государственное регулирование должно способствовать укреплению институциональных основ фондового рынка с совершенствованием процессов эмиссии государственных долговых ценных бумаг, как одного из самых эффективных инструментов привлечения денежных ресурсов в экономику страны на современном этапе. Однако достичь указанного возможно путем разработки комплексной стратегии управления государственными долговыми ценными бумагами и изучение возможности их целевого использования на те отрасли или проекты, обеспечивающие экономическое развитие и создающие предпосылки для расширенного воспроизводства. ; У статті розкриті засади розвитку фондового ринку та розуміння сутності інфраструктура фондового ринку на основі дослідження існуючих підходів до державне регулювання діяльності з надання фінансових послуг, зокрема на фондовому ринку. Зазначено умови розвитку інфраструктура фондового ринку та заходи впливу з боку держави на учасників фінансових відносин, що буде включати достатнє інституціональне, організаційне, технічне, фінансове забезпечення для їх взаємодії на ринку. Зазначено, що ключовим у розвитку фондового ринку виступає механізм державного регулювання та саморегулювання.Визначено напрями державного регулювання у розвитку фондового ринку, що передбачає реалізація заходів щодо удосконалення діяльності інфраструктури ринків капіталу з метою залучення додаткових інвестиційних ресурсів в економіку країни та зменшити бар'єри доступу до фондового ринку.
In this essay, it is argued that the market is fetishized as a means of hiding the responsibility of Capitalism in the growing poverty and the social tensions that it engenders in most of the Western World. The ideological intention is to instill the idea that autonomous forces influence prices, wages and the economic condition of individuals. As a result, the role of capitalists in imposing a self-serving economic structure that enriches an elite while impoverishing most people in society remains unobtrusive. ; En este trabajo se plantea que la economía de mercado se fetichiza para tratar de ocultar la creciente pobreza y las tensiones sociales que provoca el capitalismo en gran parte de Occidente. La intención ideológica del fetichismo consiste en tratar de inculcar la idea de que fuerzas autónomas inciden sobre los precios, los salarios y la suerte económica de los seres humanos. De esta manera se oculta el papel del capitalista en la imposición de una forma de organizar la economía que enriquece a una elite y empobrece a los demás miembros de la sociedad.
[48] p. ; In verse. ; Printer's name from STC. ; Signatures: A-C. ; Imperfect; stained and torn with some loss of print. ; Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
[4], 30 leaves ; Dedication signed: William Blandy. ; Running title reads: The castle of pollicye. ; Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
