Suchergebnisse

Green and blue infrastructure in cities -- Climate change : mitigation and adaptation strategies -- Environmental and ecological imbalances in dense urban areas -- Water in urban areas : ecological and environmental issues and strategies -- Ecosystem services in urban areas : social, environmental, and economic benefits -- Green and blue infrastructure : vegetated systems -- Green and blue infrastructure : unvegetated systems -- Urban river restoration -- Strategies and techniques : case studies -- Green and blue infrastructure top-down policies -- Bottom-up initiatives for green and blue infrastructure -- Selection of management practices and guidelines -- Opportunities and policies : case studies

"River restoration has expanded exponentially in the last three decades, with increased investment by government agencies, private developers, and NGOs. The available literature -- both scholarly works and government guidance manuals -- has grown proportionately, but has been almost entirely about ecological, hydrological, and geomorphological aspects of restoration. Yet the primary issues faced by many restoration programs have more to do with legal, economic, and institutional barriers and public perception and acceptance, than with physical and ecological constraints (though these can be formidable as well). Diverse issues such as the installation of habitat structures and replanting along a small creek by a local group, or a major program to restore complex habitat, a more natural flow regime, and sediment supply to a river below a dam, require an understanding of the social dimensions of river restoration projects. For anyone funding, permitting, planning, designing, or building river restoration projects, a concise, up-to-date, clearly organized treatment of the critical socio-economic issues relevant to river restoration will be a very useful asset. Most people involved in restoration projects (ecologists, engineers, landscape architects, hydrologists) lack a strong background in the social sciences. Increasingly however, these professionals understand that they must consider social dimensions. This book will fill a critical gap in their libraries summarizing how social approaches can contribute to river restoration projects and policies. The aim of this book is to present and synthesize understanding from recent advances in social sciences related to river restoration. It will cover not only supposedly "intangible" social phenomena -- such as ethics, culture and justice -- but also very tangible practical aspects -- including policy, governance, project management, decision making and stakeholder interactions -- to give a complete picture of the sometimes complex interaction of issues in river restoration."--

"This book focuses on governance and management issues in the much publicized 'Ganga Rejuvenation Project', led by the Indian Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi. Attempts over the past three decades to clean up and rejuvenate one of the world's greatest rivers have proved futile. The major reasons for the lack of success are absence of long-term planning, poor co-ordination and failure to sustain whatever little infrastructure for water and sewage treatment could be developed. Focusing on these broad aspects, the book explores spaces for better governance through active community participation, knowledge management, prospects of Public-Private-Partnership, e-governance, youth education, waterfront development, lessons from past failures, comparative international analogies, utilization of external aid and global expertise in successful implementation of a sustainable long-term plan for a river basin's integrated development of both the economy and environment. A host of activities, such as, improving pollution monitoring systems, new development plans for tourism enhancement; river dredging and sewering riparian cities are already being carried in the hope of quick results. The Government of India has also appointed a task force for preparation of a long-term strategy. However, substantial knowledge gaps persist especially with regard to governance. This book aims to address the governance and policy issues and will be a very timely contribution to cleaning as well as rejuvenating Ganga, a river that is lifeline of millions of people."--

Despite our growing awareness of the vital role they play in the global environment, wetlands remain among the most endangered ecosystems on Earth and are still being destroyed and degraded at an alarming rate. This much-needed publication, which includes contributions from leading researchers and practitioners, presents a holistic perspective on the restoration of wetland ecosystems such as shallow lakes, streams, floodplains and bogs. Through the use of carefully chosen case studies, the authors examine European wetland restoration projects from Scandinavia to Bulgaria and from Ireland to Belarus, focusing on the lessons they can teach to a new generation of conservationists. As well as reviewing the sum of current knowledge on the subject, the text is a store of practical know-how, covering a wide range of conservation approaches and techniques. It analyzes the major problems in the field and identifies key principles for achieving sustainability in wetland restoration. The topics covered include: the role of wetlands in landscape functioning, human interference with natural processes such as water and matter cycles and energy dissipation, the impact of land use on global problems such as climate change, floods and droughts, and the role played by diversity in wetland functioning. The work shows that without sustainable land use over the totality of their catchment areas, and without cohesive inter-agency cooperation, individual restoration projects will have a short life span. The balance between scientific background and practical restoration makes this book a valuable resource for scientists as well as wetland managers, decision makers and land use planners, as well as students of ecology, nature conservation and environmental protection.

Market-based approaches to conservation -- How stream restoration was born, and what came of it -- How markets, and mitigation, came to be accepted forms of environmental regulation -- The actors in stream mitigation banking -- How mitigation banks work, and the biography of a bank -- The mangle of practice -- Conclusion: Can markets for ecosystem services fix conservation?

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: River Health and Ecology: Perspective View and Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 River Health: Issues and Challenges -- 3 Key Aims of the Book -- 4 Individual Chapters -- References -- Chapter 2: Arthropods: An Important Bio-Indicator to Decipher the Health of the Water of South Asian Rivers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Monitoring Pollution Using Bioindicator -- 2.1 Various Characteristics that Make an Organism a Bioindicator -- 2.1.1 How to Select a Bioindicator? -- 2.2 Biomonitoring and Bioindicators -- 2.3 Various Advantages of Biomonitoring -- 2.3.1 Biomonitoring Approaches Based on Hopkin (1993): -- 3 Various Aquatic Organisms used as Bioindicators -- 4 Various Arthropod Species Used as a Bioindicator -- 4.1 Class: Insecta -- 4.2 Class: Crustacea -- 5 Arthropods Used as Bioindicators in South Asian Rivers -- 6 Advantages of Biomonitoring the River Ecosystem -- 6.1 Diversity Indices -- 6.2 Multimeric Approaches -- 6.3 Indices of Biological Integrity -- 6.4 Biotic Indices -- 6.5 Multivariate Approaches -- 6.6 Functional Approaches -- 6.6.1 Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs) -- 6.6.2 Multiple Biological Traits -- 6.7 Early Warning Bioindicators -- 6.8 Bioassays Protocols -- 6.9 Widely Used Methods of Biomonitoring in River -- 6.9.1 Measures of the BMWP Scores -- 6.9.2 BMWP-ASPT (Biological Monitoring Working Party Average Score Per Taxon) -- 6.9.3 Percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (%EPT) -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Anthropogenic Stress on River Health: With Special Reference to Kangsabati River, West Bengal, India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Impacts on Riparian Areas -- 3.2 Sand Mining -- 3.3 Agricultural Practices -- 3.4 Construction of Bridge on River.

Front Cover -- Table of contents -- Preface -- 1. Geomorphology of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau -- 2. Fluvial processes of incised rivers in Tibet -- 3. Meandering rivers in Sanjiangyuan -- 4. Wetlands and wetland shrinkage -- 5. Desertification and restoration strategies -- 6. Erosion and vegetation -- 7. Aquatic ecology -- Back Cover

Front Cover -- Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams: Ecology and Management -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: General Introduction -- 1.1 What Are Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams (IRES)? -- 1.2 Causes of Flow Intermittence -- 1.3 Global Distribution and Areal Importance of IRES -- 1.4 Trends in a Context of Water Scarcity and Climate Change -- 1.5 Ecological Features of IRES -- 1.6 Legislation, Protection, Restoration, and Management of IRES -- 1.7 The Structure of This Book -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2.1: Geomorphology and Sediment Regimes of Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams -- 2.1.1 Introduction -- Determinants of IRES Catchment Conditions -- Geomorphological Zones in IRES -- 2.1.2 Upland Zone -- 2.1.3 Piedmont Zone -- 2.1.4 Lowland Zone -- 2.1.5 Floodout Zone -- 2.1.6 Distinctions in IRES Longitudinal Trends -- 2.1.7 Influence of Human Activities on IRES Morphology and Sediment Regimes -- 2.1.8 Diversity of IRES at a Global Scale -- 2.1.9 Synthesis and New Research Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2.2: Flow Regimes in Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 Controls on the Natural Flow Regime of IRES -- 2.2.3 Methods to Characterize Flow Regimes of IRES -- Wet/Dry Mapping -- Imagery: From Satellites to Site Cameras -- Field Loggers and Flow Surrogates -- Hydrological Metrics -- Modeling -- 2.2.4 Describing and Classifying Flow Regimes of IRES: Case Studies -- 2.2.5 Conclusions: Research Needs and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 2.3: Hydrological Connectivity in Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 What Governs Hydrological Connectivity in IRES?

Intro -- RIPARIAN ZONES PROTECTION, RESTORATION AND ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS -- RIPARIAN ZONES PROTECTION, RESTORATION AND ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 FIRE REGIMES, STAND STRUCTURE, FUEL LOADS, AND FIRE BEHAVIOR IN RIPARIAN AND UPLAND FORESTS, SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS, USA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHODS -- 2.1. Study area and Site Selection -- 2.2. Plot-Level Data Collection -- 2.3. Reconstruction Methods -- 2.3.1. Live Tree Reconstruction -- 2.3.2. Snag and Stump Reconstruction -- 2.3.3. Log Reconstruction -- 2.3.4. Forest Structure Reconstruction Limitations -- 2.3.5. Fuel Load Reconstruction -- 2.3.6. Fire Behavior and Effects Modeling -- 2.4. Statistical Analyses -- 2.4.1. Fire History -- 2.4.2. Stand Structure, Fuel Loads and Fire Behavior -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1 Riparian vs. Upland FRI and Seasonality -- 3.2. Site Characteristics Associated with Riparian and Upland FRI -- 3.3. Climate Comparisons -- 3.4. Temporal Analysis -- 3.5. Comparison between Riparian/Upland Current/Reconstructed Stand Conditions -- SUPPLEMENTAL DATA -- 3.6. Correlation of Reconstructed Variables with Fire Return Interval -- 3.7. Correlation of Current and Reconstructed Riparian and Upland Variables -- 3.8. Comparison of Sampling Areas -- 3.9. Riparian vs. Upland Canopy Cover, Seedling Density, and Shrub Cover -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Fire Regimes -- 4.1.1. Riparian vs. Upland FRI -- 4.1.2. Riparian vs. Upland Seasonality -- 4.1.3. Forest Characteristics -- 4.1.4. Precipitation Regimes -- 4.1.5. Site Characteristics -- 4.1.6. Stream Characteristics -- 4.1.7. Fire-Climate Synchrony -- 4.1.8. Temporal Variability in FRI -- 4.2. Stand Structure, Fuel Loads, and Fire Behavior -- 4.2.1. Current versus Reconstructed Forest Conditions -- 4.2.2. Riparian versus Upland Forests, Current Conditions.

Considering the future: anticipating the need for ecological restoration / Young Choi -- The principles of restoration ecology at population scales / Stephen D. Murphy, Michael McTavish, and Heather Cray -- Landscape-scale restoration ecology / Michael Perring -- Understanding social processes in planning ecological restorations / Stephen R. Edwards, Brock Blevins, Darwin Horning, and Andrew Spaeth -- The role of history in restoration ecology / Eric Higgs and Stephen Jackson -- Social engagement in ecological restoration / Susan Baker -- Restoration and ecosystem management in the boreal forest : from ecological principles to tactical solutions / Timo Kuuluvainen -- Restoration of temperate broadleaf forests / John Stanturf -- Temperate grasslands / Karel Prach, Peter Torok, and Jonathan Bakker -- Restoration of temperate savannas and woodlands / Brice Hanberry, John M. Kabrick, Peter W. Dunwiddie, Tibor Hartel, Theresa B. Jain, and Benjamin O. Knapp -- Restoring desert ecosystems / Scott Abella -- Ecological restoration in mediterranean-type shrublands and woodlands / Ladislav Mucina, Marcela A. Bustamante-Sánchez, Beatriz Duguy Pedra, Patricia Holmes, Todd Keeler-Wolf, Juan J. Armesto, Mark Dobrowolski, Mirijam Gaertner, Cecilia Smith-Ramírez, and Alberto Vilagrosa -- Alpine habitat conservation and restoration in tropical and sub-tropical high mountains / Alton Byers -- Restoration of rivers and streams / Benjamin Smith and Michael A. Chadwick -- Lake restoration / Erik Jeppesen, Martin Søndergaard, and Zhengwen Liu -- Restoration of freshwater wetlands / Paul Keddy -- Saltmarshes / David Burdick and Susan Adamowicz -- Oyster-generated marine habitats : their services, enhancement, restoration, and monitoring / Loren Coen and Austin Humphries -- Ecological rehabilitation in mangrove systems : the evolution of the practice and the need for strategic reform of policy and planning / Ben Brown -- Tropical savanna restoration / Jillianne Segura, Sean Bellairs, and Lindsey Hutley -- Restoration of tropical and subtropical grasslands / Gerhard Overbeck and Sandra Cristina Muller -- Tropical forest restoration / David Lamb -- The restoration of coral reefs / Boze Hancock, Kemit Amon Lewis, and Eric Conklin -- Ecological restoration in an urban context / Jessica Hardesty Norris, Keith Bowers, and Stephen D. Murphy -- International law and policy on restoration / An Cliquet -- Governance and restoration / Stephanie Mansourian -- Restoration, volunteers, and the human community / Stephen Packard -- Building social capacity for restoration success / Elizabeth Covelli Metcalf, Alexander L. Metcalf, and Jakki J. Mohr -- Ecological restoration : a growing part of the green economy / Keith Bowers and Jessica Hardesty Norris -- Restoration and market-based instruments / Alex Baumber -- Profit motives and ecological restoration: opportunities in bioenergy and conservation biomass / Carol Williams -- Ecological restoration and environmental change / Stuart K. Allison -- Invasive species and ecological restoration / Joan Dudney, Lauren Hallett, Erica Spotswood, and Katharine Suding -- Restoration and resilience / Libby Trevenen, Rachel Standish, Charles Price, and Richard Hobbs -- Ecological restoration and ecosystem services / Robin Chazdon and Jose Rey-Benayas -- The economics of restoration and the restoration of economics / James Blignaut -- Better together : the importance of collaboration between researchers and practitioners / Robert Cabin -- Less than 140 characters : restorationists use of social media / Liam Heneghan and Oisin Heneghan

Chapter 1. Ecological restoration: An Overview of Science & Policy Regime -- Chapter 2. Lifestyle for Environment: Life Mission and Synergies with Eco-restoration -- Chapter 3. Optimal Management of Potential Water and Sediment Yield from Urban Hilly Watershed -- Chapter 4. Mainstreaming Peri-Urban Ecosystems for Urban Resilience through Policy-Planning Framework: An Opportunity Analysis for Indian Cities -- Chapter 5. Urban Forest and Ecosystem Services Intercede Urban Habitat in Delhi -- Chapter 6. Restoration and rejuvenation of rivers, streams and wetlands: Challenges and way forward -- Chapter 7. Ecosystem services for Water Management: A review of global approaches and experiences -- Chapter 8. Rejuvenation of Rivers in India-A Case Study on efforts for Rejuvenation of River Ganga -- Chapter 9. Rejuvenation of Kukrail Drain -- Chapter 10. Hydrological modelling using HEC-HMS and estimation of the flood peak by Gumbel's method of Hasdeo Basin, Chhattisgarh, India -- Chapter 11. Comparing Runoff of NRCS-CN Method and Observed Runoff Data A Case Study -- Chapter 12. Artificial neural network models for rainfall-runoff modeling in India- studies from of Kolar and Kuttiyadi River watersheds -- Chapter 13. Analysis of urbanization and assessment of its impact on ground water & land use land cover using GIS techniques – Case study of Bhopal & Gurugram district -- Chapter 14. Application of Water Accounting Plus Framework for the assessment of the Water consumption pattern and Food security -- Chapter 15. Comparison of Probability Distributions for Extreme Value Analysis and Predicting Monthly Rainfall Pattern using Bayesian Regularized-ANN -- Chapter 16. An Indexing Method for Evaluating Managerial Effectiveness of a Watershed Project and Functional Involvement of Participant Organisations -- Chapter 17. Pathways to build resilience towards the impact of climate change on the Indian Sunderban -- Chapter 18. Eco-restoration for Climate Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction -- Chapter 19. Ecosystems and Nature - Based Solutions (NbS) for Health Protection and Epidemic Resilience -- Chapter 20. Fresh Water Ecosystem Conservation for Social Protection, Business, and Local Economy.

"Built on a strong foundation in restoration ecology, this unique handbook provides practitioners, academics, and managers with vital tools needed to plan for ecosystem conservation, to restore degraded ecosystems, to make cost-effective restoration decisions, and to understand important legal issues. Rehabilitation of Damaged Ecosystems, Second Edition boasts three completely new chapters and five major chapter revisions. Coastal wetlands restoration, watershed rehabilitation and management, mined land reclamation, revegetation of disturbed ecosystems, and river and stream restoration are only a few of the critical topics explored in this timely reference handbook. This Second Edition provides valuable, reliable data as well as practical methods and techniques for the ongoing fight to protect natural resources and restore damaged ecosystems."--Provided by publisher.