Poslije kratka presjeka važnijih događaja vezanih uz povijest Franjevačke provincije Bosne Srebrene autor analizira važnije odredbe franjevačkoga zakonodavstva s obzirom na školstvo koje su omogućile njegov snažan razvoj u razdoblju poslije Tridentskoga koncila i koje su bitno utjecale ne organizaciju i rad franjevačkih obrazovnih ustanova na ovim prostorima. Poseban je naglasak na odredbama što su se odnosile na studij filozofije čija je svrha bila pripremiti studente za što kvalitetniji studij bogoslovije. S tim je ciljem na generalnom kapitulu franjevačkoga reda održanome u Rimu 1694. godine propisano da se filozofija predaje najmanje tri godine i da se u njezinu okviru studiraju summulae (logica minor), logika (logica maior), fizika, metafizika, animistika (znanost o duši), učenje o nastanku i propadanju tvari te kozmologija. Nastavni je sadržaj bio vezan uz učenje Ivana Duns Škota i Bonaventure. Metoda je bila strogo skolastička. Međutim, daljnje su reforme išle za približavanjem državnih i crkvenih sveučilišnih programa. Iz odredaba vezanih za studij filozofije u Bosni Srebrenoj vidljivo je da su provincijske uprave nastojale što dosljednije provoditi propise što ih je donosio general reda i, koliko je to bilo moguće, držati korak s trendovima na zapadnim učilištima. Kada to okolnosti nisu dopuštale, svoje su gojence slali na studij u inozemstvo. ; After a short review of more important events related to the history of the Franciscan province Silver Bosnia the author analyzes more significant regulations of the Franciscan legislature with regard to education which enabled its strong development in the period after the Trident Council and which had a strong influence on the organization and work of the Franciscan educational institutions in these areas. The special emphasis is on the regulations which referred to the study of philosophy, the purpose of which was to prepare students for the quality study of theology. With that goal the general Franciscan body of canons held in Rome in 1694 stipulated that philosophy must be taught at least three years and that in its framework summulae (logica minor), logics (logica maior), physics, metaphysics, science about soul, study about the emergence and decadence of a matter and cosmology must be learned. The teaching content was connected with the study of Ivan Duns Scotsman and Bonaventure. The method was strictly scholastic. However, further reforms went in direction of drawing closer the state and church university curricula. From the regulations related to the study of philosophy in Silver Bosnia it is visible that the provincial authorities were trying to implement the regulations made by the general of order and, as much as possible, keep pace with trends in the western educational institutions. When the circumstances did not allow that, they sent their students to study abroad.
RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVAIzgleda da se povijest, kao i moda, periodički ponavlja. Svako toliko pojave se ¨pametnjakovići¨, kako bi narod rekao s "morskim idejama", naravno upitnim i bez razumnih argumenata. Naime, o naslovljenom problemu, aktualiziranome u Glasu Slavonije (14. 2. 2019.), u Šumarskome listu br. 11-12 /2006. u rubrici Izazovi i suprotstavljanja, pisao je prof. dr. sc. Joso Vukelić, komentirajući tada neslužbene inicijative glede odnosnog studija, suprotstavljajući im se argumentiranim činjenicama. Njegovome tekstu nemamo gotovo ništa pridodati, osim da je ovih dana to službena inicijativa jedne lokalne zajednice i da uspješnost ili neuspješnost bolonjskoga procesa sada možemo konkretizirati, s obzirom na vremenski odmak. Sve ostalo bilo bi ponavljanje što ne želimo, ali ćemo samo kratko natuknuti neka pitanja i ukazali na argumente, kako bi Vas ponukali da potražite i pročitate i danas aktualni tekst prof. Vukelića. Ponajprije autor ukazuje na stihijsku pojavu otvaranja sličnih studija s istovrsnim programima izvan postojećih sveučilišta i prijašnjih visokih škola u Republici Hrvatskoj, koja usput rečeno traje i danas, a rezultatima nisu opravdale njihovo ustrojavanje, koje je bilo isključivo političke prirode. Kao krucijalno pitanje postavio je potrebu i opravdanost studija šumarstva uz postojeći na Šumarskome fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, navodeći taksativno činjenice:– nema zaključnih spoznaja o uspješnosti primjene bolonjskoga procesa (nema ga ni danas – samo djelomično je ostvario očekivanja);– bolonjski proces ne prate na odgovarajući način ostale promjene u zakonodavno-organizacijskoj sferi u hrvatskome šumarstvu;– preko 200 inženjera (magistara) šumarstva je prijavljeno na Zavodu za zapošljavanje (i danas ima oko 100 nezaposlenih);– sve manji je interes za studij klasičnog šumarstva; – resorno ministarstvo sve manje financira terensku nastavu i režijske troškove postojećeg fakulteta;– postoji novo-izgrađeni suvremen i dostatan radni prostor, kojega treba i suvremeno opremiti; – postoji pet međunarodno priznatih nastavnih poligona, međunarodna razmjena studenata i vrsni mladi nastavnici te 108 (danas 120) godišnja visokoškolska tradicija šumarske nastave u Hrvatskoj - četvrta na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu;– broj diplomiranih studenata je dostatan, da ne kažemo i prevelik za potrebe struke.U nastavku autor se osvrće na potrebe županijskih vlasti, koje su fokusirane na svoj razvoj, a koje se u ovome slučaju krivo usmjeruju na rješavanje lokanih problema. Također navodi i konkretne primjere obrazovanja, potpuno nesvrsishodne te skreće pozornost na stručnost kadrova bez pedagoške naobrazbe i iskustva. Umjesto nepotrebnih proširenja sveučilišne nastave šumarstva, predlaže da se posvetimo permanentnom obrazovanju, koje je danas nužnost, a kod nas se provodi tri puta manje nego u EU. Svakako treba težiti ka izvrsnosti, usmjeravajući prema tome cilju stručnjake specijaliste i financijska sredstva. Nažalost, očito ništa nismo naučili i nismo spremni analizirati negativnosti kao npr. iz srednjoškolskoga šumarskog obrazovanja, utemeljenog upravo na argumentima lokalne a ne nacionalne razine. Programi bi uz specifičnosti trebali biti gotovo jednaki za svih desetak šumarskih škola u Hrvatskoj, a da li možemo među njima usporediti kvalitetu nastave (da li je ona uopće moguća s obzirom na kadrove i opremu) i potrebe struke? Gdje je tu izvrsnost, kojoj i na toj razini treba težiti? Svakako, o ovoj inicijativi potrebna je argumentirana rasprava na nacionalnoj razini (tko će to provesti kada nažalost resorni ministar ignorira šumarsku struku), bez političkih pritisaka, površnosti i bez privatnih interesa, pa i želja za "tezgarenjem", kojih nesporno ima. Uredništvo ; EDITORIALIt seems that history, just like fashion, repeats itself periodically. Every so often there are some "wise guys" with, as folks would say, "outlandish ideas" which are, without exception, highly questionable and almost always groundless. After the idea of establishing a new study of forestry was outlined in the journal of Glas Slavonije (Voice of Slavonia) (14 February 2019), Professor Joso Vukelić, PhD, wrote an article for the column Challenges and Confrontations (Forestry Journal 11-12/2006), in which he opposed the then unofficial idea by providing well argued facts. There is almost nothing to add to Professor Vukelić's text, except that these days the said idea has become an official initiative of a local community and that the success or failure of the Bologna Process can now be viewed objectively given the time passed. Everything else would only be tiresome repetition, which we do not want, but what we would like here is to just hint at some issues and point to arguments in order to encourage you to look for and read the text by professor Vukelić, which is still highly topical.For a start, the author focuses on the chaotic process of establishing similar studies with identical programmes outside the existing universities and former schools of higher education in the Republic of Croatia, a process which is still going on. The results achieved by the newly opened studies have not justified their establishment, so it is clear that their foundation was of an exclusively political nature. The most important issue that the author questions is the need and adequacy of launching a study of forestry in addition to the existing one at the Faculty of Forestry of the University in Zagreb. He lists the following facts:– there are no conclusive insights on the success of the application of the Bologna Process (nor are there any today, either - it has met the expectations only partially);– the Bologna Process is not adequately accompanied by other changes in the legislative-organisational sphere in the Croatian forestry;– there are over 200 engineers (masters) of forestry registered at the Croatian Employment Service (currently with about 100 unemployed forestry engineers);– interest in the study of classical forestry is declining;– the competent ministry allocates less and less money to field training and overhead expenses at the existing faculty;– there is a newly-built, modern and adequate facility which needs to be furnished with up-to-date equipment;– there are five internationally recognized teaching polygons, international student exchange and highly educated young teachers, as well as 108 years (at the time of writing the article and 120 years now) of tradition of higher forestry education in Croatia - the fourth study to be launched at the University of Zagreb;– there are enough graduate students, and maybe even too many for the needs of the profession.The author continues by discussing the need of county governments to stimulate development, which in this case is mistakenly directed at solving local problems. He cites some concrete examples of education which has not fulfilled its purpose and expresses concern about the teaching staff with little pedagogical training and experience. Instead of expanding the university education of forestry, he proposes to focus on permanent education, which is a necessity today but its implementation is three times lower than in the EU. The crucial goal to aspire towards should be excellence; accordingly, both expert specialists and financial means should be geared towards reaching this goal. Regrettably, we have not learned anything and we are not prepared to analyze the negative sides of, for example, forestry education at the secondary school level, based precisely on the needs at the local communities rather than at the national level. Allowing for some specific aspects, the curricula should be almost uniform in all of some ten forestry schools in Croatia. Can we compare the quality of teaching in these schools (is quality at all possible considering the staff and the equipment) and the needs of the profession? Where is educational excellence which should be aspired to at this level as well? Definitely, the initiative to establish another study of forestry should be discussed at the national level (but who is going to conduct the discussion when the current competent minister ignores the forestry profession)? There should be no political pressures and superficiality, and all debates should be free of private interests, including a hidden wish to "make some money on the side". Editorial Board
Tema je ovoga rada prikaz graditeljske slojevitosti srednjovjekovne ivanovačke kapele u Pakracu. Kapela je sačuvana u arheološkom sloju. Tijekom višegodišnjih arheoloških istraživanja, započetih 2017. godine, utvrđena su dva srednjovjekovna graditeljska sloja: izvorna ivanovačka kapela i kasnije utvrđena crkva. Ivanovačka je kapela bila dvoranska crkva ravno zaključenog svetišta (Saalkirche) koja je utvrđena tijekom drugoga graditeljskog sloja. Pronađeni su kameni ulomci arhitektonske plastike in situ i u šuti te je njihovom arhitektonskom analizom, uz analizu komparativnih primjera, potvrđeno postojanje dvaju srednjovjekovnih graditeljskih slojeva, a izvedena je i djelomična rekonstrukcija tlocrta izvorne kapele i kasnije utvrđene crkve. ; The topic of this paper is a study of the architectural stratification of the medieval Hospitaller chapel in Pakrac. The chapel is preserved in the archaeological layer. During perennial archaeological research, started in 2017, two medieval architectural layers have been confirmed: the Hospitaller chapel and a later fortified church. The Hospitaller chapel was a one-aisled church with a rectangular sanctuary as wide as the church (Saalkirche type of church), which was, during the second medieval architectural layer, fortified. Various stone fragments were found in situ and in debris, and their stylistic and architectural analysis, as well as their comparison with similar examples of architectural sculpture, has confirmed the existence of two medieval layers of the Pakrac church and, also, allowed for a partial reconstruction of the layout of the original Hospitaller chapel and the later fortified church.
Ovaj rad temelji se na analizi studije slučaja Republike Cipra o pokušajima rješavanja problema i europeizaciji samog otoka. Ciparski problem predstavlja jedan od dugovječnijih pokušaja provedbe mirovnog sporazuma između dvije etničke zajednice – ciparskih Grka i ciparskih Turaka. Od turske invazije na otok 1974. godine zaoštrili su se dodatno odnosi između sukobljenih strana. Velika Britanija, Turska i Grčka postale su jamci mira i sigurnosti te glavni pregovarači u rješavanju problema. Početkom pristupnih pregovora s Europskom unijom i ona službeno postaje umiješana u situaciju na otoku te provođenje europeizacije je označilo novu fazu razvoja otoka. Iako postoje brojna rješenja problema niti jedna strana ne pristaje na uvjete koji ne idu njima u korist. Najuspješnije rješenje do sada je održavanje statusa quo koje jamči mir i sigurnost objema stranama. Analizom dokumenata i literature nastoji se objasniti interes velikih svjetskih sila i Europske unije na Republiku Cipar te kakav je to utjecaj ostavilo u međunarodnoj zajednici i propalim diplomatskim pokušajima. ; This paper is based on an analysis of Cyprus as a case study on attempts to solve problems and the Europeanization of the island. Cyprus problem is one of the long-standing attempts of implementation of the peace agreement between two ethnic communities – Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. Since the Turkish invasion of the island in 1974, relations between the conflict parties have intensified. The United Kingdom, Turkey, and Greece have become guarantors of peace and security and have been the main negotiators in solving the problem. With the start of accession negotiations with the European Union, it officially becomes involved in the situation on the island and the implementation of Europeanization marks a new phase of island development. Although there are numerous solutions, neither side has agreed to the terms that will benefit them. The most successful solution so far is to maintain the status quo that guarantees peace and security for both ...
In the aftermath of the 5th Regional Conference on Cadastre and Spatial Data Infrastructure (Banja Luka and Laktaši, Bosnia and Herzegovina, June 6–8, 2012), the Republic Authority for Geodetic and Property Affairs of the Republic of Srpska and the Federal Administration for Geodetic and Real Property Affairs published the 5th Regional Study on Cadastre and Spatial Data Infrastructure. The study was produced in the frame of the Project INSPIRATION – Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Western Balkans, which is being realized for the benefit and with cooperation of representatives of eight geodetic administrations in the region (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Serbia) by consortium led by German company GFA of Hamburg, in cooperation with GDi GISDATA of Zagreb, experts from the Austrian Environmental Agency and German company con terra GmbH and financed from the European Union IPA funding programme for 2010. ; Nakon 5. regionalne konferencije o katastru i infrastrukturi prostornih podataka (Banja Luka i Laktaši, Bosna i Hercegovina, 6–8. lipnja 2012.) Republička uprava za geodetske i imovinsko pravne poslove Republike Srpske i Federalna uprava za geodetske i imovinsko pravne poslove Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine izdale su 5. regionalnu studiju o katastru i infrastrukturi prostornih podataka. Studija je izrađena u okviru projekta INSPIRATION – the SDI in the Western Balkans, kojeg za potrebe i uz suradnju predstavnika osam geodetskih uprava u regiji (Albanija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Crna Gora, Hrvatska, Kosovo, Makedonija, Srbija), realizira konzorcij na čelu s njemačkom tvrtkom GFA iz Hamburga u suradnji s tvrtkom GDi GISDATA iz Zagreba, stručnjacima austrijske Agencije za okoliš i njemačke tvrtke con terra GmbH, a financira se iz sredstava programa IPA Europske unije za 2010. godinu.
U ovom članku se razmatra doprinos Viktora Zaslavskog proučavanju društava sovjetskog tipa. Istovremeno, njegov doprinos se postavlja u intelektualni kontekst sovjetologije 1970-ih. Tvrdimo da je intimno poznavanje sovjetskog sistema autoru omogućilo da prevaziđe ograničenja totalitarnih, modernizacijskih i interesno-grupnih pristupa proučavanju sovjetske politike. Srž originalnog doprinosa Zaslavskog je u razvoju niza novih pojmova koje je primenio na proučavanje Brežnjevljevog "realnog socijalizma": neostaljinistička država, organizovani konsenzus, radnici zavisni od države, zatvorena preduzeća, unutrašnji pasoški sistem. Uz pomoć ovih pojmova Zaslavski je mogao da osvetli razne karakteristike zrelog sovjetskog društva uspešnije od zastupnika drugih pristupa. ; The author assesses the contribution of Victor Zaslavsky to the study of soviettype societies. Zaslavsky's contribution is also positioned in the intelectual context of sovietology in the 1970's. The author claims that Zaslavsky's intimate knowledge of the Soviet system had enabled him to go beyond the limitations of the totalitarian, modernisation and interest-group based approaches to the study of Soviet politics. The crux of Zaslavsky's original contribution is his development of new concepts which he applied to the study of Brezhnyev's "real socialism", such as neostalinist state, state dependent workers, closed enterprises, internal passport system. With the help of these concepts Zaslavsky was more successful in throwing light on the characteristcs of the mature soviet type societies than the proponents of other approaches.
Ovaj rad bavi se analizom mogućnosti uporabe društvenih mreža kao alata za promidžbu vojnih studijskih programa. Analizom situacije i društvenih mreža autor otkriva nužnost i učestalost korištenja društvenih mreža u marketinškoj komunikaciji, gdje se kao cilj postavlja oglašavanje, pogotovo kada se ciljana javnost sastoji od mladih ljudi. Nadalje, na temelju provedene analize autor naglašava iznimnu potrebu pokretanja digitalnog marketinga vojnih studijskih programa na pogodnim društvenim mrežama te predlaže i opisuje strategiju (način rada i upravljanja) tom vrstom promidžbe. Na temelju uočenog pada interesa javnosti za pridruživanje Oružanim snagama RH, s posebnim naglaskom na vojne studijske programe, uočena je važnost i nedostatci promidžbe na Hrvatskom vojnom učilištu (HVU) kao potencijalnom području napredovanja i rasta institucije. Takva situacija posljedica je neučinkovitosti sustava da prepozna važnost digitalnog marketinga te mu da potrebnu pozornost i unaprjeđenje. U jeku pandemije COVID-19 pokazala se potreba za okretanjem prema novim sferama marketinga i njihovom razvijanju unutar OSRH-a, koje se do sada nisu dovoljno razvijale – primarno misleći na društvene mreže i digitalni marketing. ; This paper deals with the analysis and research of the possibilities of using social networks as a tool for promoting military study programs. By analyzing the situation and social networks, the author reveals the necessity and frequency of using social networks in marketing communication where advertising is the goal, especially when the target public consists of young people. Furthermore, based on the analysis, the author emphasizes the strong need to launch digital marketing of military study programs on suitable social networks, proposes and describes the strategy (mode of operation and management) of this type of promotion. Based on the observed decline of public interest to join the Croatian Armed Forces (CAF), with special emphasis on military study programs, the importance, and shortcomings of promotion at the Croatian Defense Academy is noticed as a potential area for advancement and growth of the institution. This situation is a result of inefficiency of the system to recognize the importance of digital marketing and give it necessary attention and improvement. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a need to turn to and develop new spheres of marketing within the CAF that have not been developed enough so far - primarily referring to social networks and digital marketing.
The EU Marine Strategy Directive (2008/56/EC) proposes four marine regions as a political geographic framework for implementation of the Community's environmental policy. This study critically analyzes the state-based approach, which the Directive uses to outline the regions' boundaries. It suggests that environmental sustainability of marine odies strongly depends on the geographic congruence between their watersheds and the borders of the respective environmental management system, i.e., marine regions have to be environmentally managed within their watersheds. The proposed watershed-based approach also takes into consideration all elements – water, land, and air – of marine regions, which is a conditio sine qua non for their integrated and sustainable management. In the case of the Black Sea region in particular, the borders of a watershed-based environmental management system include a much wider set of stakeholder countries and enable a higher level of environmental cooperation among them. ; Direktiva marinske strategije Europske unije (2008/56/EC) predlaže četiri marinska područja kao političko geografski okvir za primjenu politike o zaštiti okoliša u Europskoj uniji. Ovaj rad kritički analizira pristup koji se temelji na državnim granicama, a kojim se Direktiva koristi za određivanje granica regija. Autor također smatra da održivost okoliša u marinskim područjima uvelike ovisi o geografskom podudaranju između pojedinih sljevova i granicama njihovih sustava upravljanja okolišem, tj. okolišem u marinskim područjima treba upravljati unutar njihovih sljevova. Predloženi pristup koji se temelji na granicama sljevova također u obzir uzima sve elemente marinskih sustava (voda, zemlja i zrak), koji su conditio sine qua non za integralno i održivo upravljanje. Crno more je dobar primjer u kojem sustav upravljanja okolišem koji je određen granicama slijeva uključuje puno veći broj zemalja dionika te omogućuje višu razinu suradnje među zemljama vezano uz upravljanje okolišem.
Cilj je ovoga rada prikazati razvoj lokalne proračunske politike u smjeru veće proračunske transparentnosti. Provedena je studija slučaja Bjelovara u kojoj su korištene dvije kvalitativne metode prikupljanja podataka – intervju i selekcioniranje dokumenata. Prikupljena građa kodirana je prema pravilima kvalitativne analize sadržaja. Četiri su glavna elementa političkog odlučivanja o bjelovarskoj proračunskoj politici: transparentnost kao cilj, aplikacija Transparentno kao osnovni informacijski instrument, gradonačelnik zajedno sa svojim suradnicima kao ključni akter i građani kao glavna ciljana skupina. Analiza pokazuje kako su zajednička temeljna načela i lokalne proračunske politike i koncepta dobrog upravljanja transparentnost i odgovornost. Podaci navode i na zaključak kako su to nužni, ali ne i dovoljni uvjeti za ostvarenje dobrog upravljanja, s obzirom na to da njihovo uvođenje ne osigurava veću participaciju neformalnih aktera, posebice udruga civilnog društva. Ovaj rad predstavlja politološki pogled na ovu prvenstveno ekonomski analiziranu temu, te kroz uvide o empirijskom slučaju pokazuje važnost procesne dimenzije transparentnosti – važno je i koliko se transparentno odlučuje o proračunu, a ne isključivo transparentnost samog proračuna. ; This paper aims to describe the development of local budgetary policy towards increased budget transparency. A case study of Bjelovar was undertaken, for which the two qualitative data collecting methods were used – interviewing and document analysis. The collected data were coded in accordance with the rules of qualitative content analysis. There are four main elements of the decision-making process within Bjelovar's budgetary policy: the transparency as a main goal; the application "Transparent" as instrument of nodality, as central instrument; the mayor, along with his associates, as a leading actor; and the citizens as a principal target group. The analysis shows how common principles of the local budgetary policy and the concept of the good governance are transparency and accountability. Still, those seem to be necessary but not sufficient conditions for realization of good governance, as their introduction does not insure higher participation of unofficial actors, especially not of non-governmental organizations. This research paper offers a political science insight on an economic topic and it underlines the importance of the procedural aspect of the transparency; in other words – transparency of budgetary decision-making is important at least as much as transparency of budget itself.
Kameni ciborij iznad glavnog oltara korčulanske katedrale je remek-djelo najvećega korčulanskog klesara i graditelja Marka Andrijića, s proporcijama zlatnog reza i elementima pravog renesansnog stila. Potkraj 18. stoljeća četvrti, završni kat krova ciborija je uklonjen, a neki dijelovi su nestali. Donji dio ciborija je besprijekorno isklesan, dok je osmerostrani krov izrađen znatno lošije, s brojnim nedovršenostima, pogreškama, preklesavanjima i skraćivanjima. Na temelju detaljne analize tragova klesarskog alata i promjena geometrije kamenih elemenata, te studije izvornog ugovora o gradnji, donesen je zaključak da je donji dio ciborija izradio Marko Andrijić sa svojom radionicom, a gornji dio klesari koji nisu razumjeli njegov nacrt, odnosno konvenciju prikazivanja projekcije kosih površina u skraćenju. Srećom, iako je radi ispravka klesarske pogreške gornji dio ciborija malo sužen i snižen, ukupna proporcija nije se zbog toga bitno promijenila, pa je nakon restauracije izvornog stanja to najbolje djelo korčulanske renesanse ponovo zasjalo izvornim sjajem. ; The most prominent member of a large family of stonemasons, and certainly the greatest stonemason and builder from Korčula, Marko Andrijić learned his trade not only in the workshop of his father, the famous stonemason Andrija Marković, but also working on numerous commissions throughout Dalmatia and all the way to Italy. In his home town of Korčula, he gained fame by working on the modernization of the city fortifications and the cathedral, which is why the Venetian government appointed him lifelong protomaster of all public buildings. His work on the completion of the bell tower on the Cathedral of St. Mark stands out, because he did it in an unprecedented way, combining an octagonal loggia with a dome, lantern and promenade surrounded with a balustrade that served as an observatory. In addition to the bell tower, Andrijić transformed the entire cathedral: he placed vaults above the side aisles and galleries above them, raised the nave, and decorated the upper part of the façade with richly carved stonework. He added a sacristy to the cathedral, a ciborium over the main altar, and a bridge over the street towards the bishop's court, and built a tomb for Bishop Malumbra. In 1486, Andrijić agreed to design and build a magnificent ciborium above the main altar of the cathedral. The extraordinary proportions and brilliantly executed details of the ciborium, combining the Gothic and Renaissance styles, surpass local significance. This was the first time that a classical pillar with entasis and genuine Corinthian capitals, as well as composite capitals with dolphin and siren motifs, had appeared in Croatian art. The ciborium's appearance was significantly changed during the complete redesign of the cathedral's interior in the Baroque style, undertaken by Bishop Josip Kosirić at the end of the 18th century. In order for a sculpture of the Risen Christ to be placed on top, the upper tier of the ciborium roof was replaced with awkward, curved stone elements that belonged to older church furniture and had been re-carved to fit the ciborium. Joško Belamarić found the final tier of Andrijić's ciborium roof in the lapidary of the abbey collection, turned upside down and converted into a baptismal font. This discovery made it possible to make an ideal reconstruction of the original appearance by completing the natural sequence of four openings in the surface of the first-tier of the ciborium roof to one opening the surface of the fourth-tier. In order to re-establish the integrity of Andrijić's masterpiece, and taking into account the angle of parts of the roof on the ciborium and its proportions, a draft was made with the reconstructed missing elements: eight segments of the third-tier roof and the small dome. After the upper part of the ciborium was disassembled to preserve the stone and consolidate the structure, all the stone elements, holes for fixing metal joints, traces of masonry tools, damage, re-carving and shortening were inspected and analysed in detail. A stonemason's mark was found on the upper surface of the architrave, which determined the position of the elements of the first tier of the roof, which, according to the original design, should have been about 9 cm wider on all sides. It was concluded that the perfectly carved lower part of the ciborium was made by Marko Andrijić in his workshop, and the inferior roof was made by stonemasons who did not understand his design. In order to understand what exactly happened and to be able to make the right conservation decision on how to restore the ciborium, it was necessary to return to the original construction contract, kept in the Zadar State Archives. A complete transcription and translation of the contract, with the payments written in the margins, was made. Master Marko Andrijić committed to carving a ciborium of stone from Vrnik and based on the design he had made, in the following two years for the price of one hundred and fifteen ducats. If he failed to complete the ciborium within the agreed time, the master had to pay a fine, but he was allowed to let other master stonemasons complete the work in that case. Judging by the recorded payments, the construction of the ciborium took six years instead of two, and Marko did not pay a fine, and he even received about seven ducats more than the agreed price. The excess payment probably relates to the statues of the Annunciation, which had to be contracted subsequently with an annex that has not yet been found. After about two-thirds of the ciborium was complete, the work was stopped, and after more than two years, work was continued, probably by one of Marko's brothers, but he was not up to the task. Due to an error in transferring the dimensions and angle of inclination of the roof surfaces from the draft, the replacement masters had to re-carve the already-executed elements of the first-tier roof and improvise to fill the resulting cavities. As a result of these errors, the roof of the ciborium was narrowed and lowered. However, viewed as a whole, the proportional system of the ciborium, consisting of four rectangles of the golden ratio placed one above the other, is not significantly affected by a small but proportional reduction in the dimensions of the roof. Between 2014 and 2019, the Croatian Conservation Institute repaired the damaged elements, carved the missing parts, and re-assembled and connected the upper part of the ciborium with metal clamps filled with lead, with all the necessary reinforcement of the structure. After more than two centuries, the best work of Korčula's architectural and stoneworking art was once again made whole.
This paper aims to describe the development of local budgetary policy towards increased budget transparency. A case study of Bjelovar was undertaken, for which the two qualitative data collecting methods were used – interviewingand document analysis. The collected data were coded in accordance with the rules of qualitative content analysis. There are four main elements of the decision-making process within Bjelovar's budgetary policy: the transparency as a main goal; the application "Transparent" as instrument of nodality, as central instrument; the mayor, along with his associates, as a leading actor; and the citizensas a principal target group. The analysis shows how common principles of the local budgetary policy and the concept of the good governance are transparency and accountability. Still, those seem to be necessary but not sufficientconditions for realization of good governance, as their introduction does not insure higher participation of unofficial actors, especially not of nongovernmental organizations. This research paper offers a political science insight on an economic topic and it underlines the importance of the procedural aspect of the transparency; in other words – transparency of budgetary decision-makingis important at least as much as transparency of budget itself. ; Cilj je ovoga rada prikazati razvoj lokalne proračunske politike u smjeru veće proračunske transparentnosti. Provedena je studija slučaja Bjelovara u kojoj su korištene dvije kvalitativne metode prikupljanja podataka – intervju i selekcioniranje dokumenata. Prikupljena građa kodirana je prema pravilima kvalitativneanalize sadržaja. Četiri su glavna elementa političkog odlučivanja o bjelovarskoj proračunskoj politici: transparentnost kao cilj, aplikacija Transparentnokao osnovni informacijski instrument, gradonačelnik zajedno sa svojim suradnicima kao ključni akter i građani kao glavna ciljana skupina. Analiza pokazujekako su zajednička temeljna načela i lokalne proračunske politike i koncepta dobrog upravljanja transparentnost i odgovornost. Podaci navode i na zaključak kako su to nužni, ali ne i dovoljni uvjeti za ostvarenje dobrog upravljanja, s obzirom na to da njihovo uvođenje ne osigurava veću participaciju neformalnih aktera, posebice udruga civilnog društva. Ovaj rad predstavlja politološki pogled na ovu prvenstveno ekonomski analiziranu temu, te kroz uvide o empirijskom slučaju pokazuje važnost procesne dimenzije transparentnosti – važno je i koliko se transparentno odlučuje o proračunu, a ne isključivo transparentnost samog proračuna.
Od široj javnosti nepoznate političke opcije, MOST nezavisnih lista je u manje od godinu dana prije parlamentarnih izbora uspio privući ogromno biračko tijelo i osvojiti čak 19 mandata u Hrvatskom Saboru. Prije toga su u samo pola godina od osnutka do lokalnih izbora u Metkoviću, srušili Stipu Gabrića Jamba koji je tim gradom vladao punih 16 godina. Što je to što je MOST približilo hrvatskim građanima koji su dotad svoje glasove redovito dijelili između HDZ-a i SDP-a? Jesu li to dotad ostvareni uspjesi u Metkoviću ili je MOST svojom političkom komunikacijom uspio uvjeriti građane u svoju politiku, odnosno predstaviti se kao drugačiji, "outsideri" koji se bore protiv snažnih političkih elita? Ovaj diplomski rad kreće od pretpostavke da je MOST nezavisnih lista u svojoj predizbornoj kampanji za parlamentarne izbore 2015. godine veoma uspješno koristio populističke metode kao što su isticanje podjele društva na pošten narod i korumpiranu političku elitu, izjednačavanje s građanima te snažno naglašenu ulogu vođe. ; From unknown political option to the wider public, MOST nezavisnih lista (The Bridge of Independent lists) has in less than a year before Croatian parliamentary election gathered a respectable following winning 19 seats in the Croatian Parliament. Even earlier, the party won local elections in Metković in just 6 months after the establishment conquering Stipe Gabrić Jambo that had ruled the city for 16 years. What is it about MOST that appealed to Croatian citizens that would regularly choose between the Croatian Democratic Union and Social Democratic Party? Is it about their success in Metković or has MOST managed to use its political communication to convince the citizens that their policy is the best, that is, to present itself as a different party, outsiders fighting against strong political elites? This thesis starts from the premise that MOST successfully used populist methods as highlighting the problems of the division of Croatian society into honest people and corrupt political elites, ...
Suvremeno novinarstvo mijenja se velikom brzinom i istodobno se suočava s krizom koja se odražava u sve većem nepovjerenju u medije, ali i sve većim pritiscima tržišta. Pažnju publike mediji privlače neprestanim potenciranjem dramatičnosti i proizvođenjem sukoba. Vijest se više ne temelji na nečem što se stvarno dogodilo i što je relevantno, nego na nečemu što je umjetno proizvedeno. U ovom se radu prati geneza jednoga tonskog isječka (engl. sound bite), dijela izjave hrvatskog premijera Zorana Milanovića, koji je dospio u udarne vijesti televizijskih informativnih emisija, rasplamsao rasprave i postao glavna tema novinarskih izvještaja. Na primjeru jednog fragmenta, isječka izjave političara, opisuje se kako se, kada se izostavi kontekst, stvara nova medijska priča. Sljedećih nekoliko dana političari, stručnjaci, branitelji, ali i obični građani bili su akteri te priče, a da se ni jednom nije spomenulo u kojem je kontekstu izgovorena ta izjava. Demokratska debata je izostala. Rad se usredotočuje na raspravu o fragmentaciji vijesti i njihovoj izolaciji od konteksta. Na navedenom primjeru pokazuje se kako su informativne vrijednosti (ono što vijest jest) zamagljene, pa stoga vijesti prestaju biti izvor informacija i poticaj za raspravu o bitnim nacionalnim pitanjima. ; Media environment is rapidly changing and facing a widespread crisis in journalism. It is followed by the decline of audience trust and increasing market pressures. The main goal is to win the audience's attention, very often by creating drama and producing 'conflict'. The news is not based on something that really happened and that is relevant, but it is more often manufactured or artificially produced. In this case study we explore the curious life cycle of a sound bite from a passing remark by the then Croatian Prime Minister Zoran Milanović's to the headlines, discussions and extensive reports which developed over the course of several days. This example shows how news could be manufactured and content blurred when it is built around a fragment without providing the context, in this case a political quote. For several days, politicians, experts, war veterans, but also ordinary citizens were involved in the manufactured news story without making a reference to the context. Consequently, the democratic debate was avoided. Drawing on a discussion of news fragmentation as isolation from context, we show that in this case, news values (what news is) are increasingly blurred, preventing the news from becoming the source of information and discussion of the country's key issues.
U članku se daje prilog poznavanju povijesti Balkanske banke d.d. Zagreb od njezina osnutka (1922.) pa sve do formalnoga završetka njezine likvidacije (1948.). Poslovanje banke razvijalo se je u početku izuzetno povoljno. U kolovozu 1922. predsjednik banke Dušan Plavšić pozvan je na dužnost pomoćnika ministra financija. Kako je vlada kojoj je Plavšić pripadao u prosincu 1922. dala ostavku, uslijed tadašnjih političkih prilika nastala je novinska kampanja koja je bila uperena i protiv Balkanske banke. Time je taj slučaj dobio i čisto političku konotaciju. Tada je počela propast Balkanske banke. Kontinuiranim napadima novoga ministra financija, radikala Milana Stojadinovića, na Dušana Plavšića, novinskom kampanjom protiv Plavšića i Balkanske banke te katastrofalno izvedenim devizno-čekovnim transakcijama, cjelokupno poslovanje Balkanske banke došlo je u vrlo tešku financijsku situaciju. Krajem 1924. banci je odobrena prinudna nagodba. Na temelju te nagodbe banka je na svojoj izvanrednoj glavnoj skupštini 1925. zaključila likvidaciju. Banka je pravno postojala sve do 1948., kada je nakon praktično formalizirane likvidacije brisana iz trgovačkoga registra Okružnoga suda za grad Zagreb. ; The paper presents research results of the structure, business and liquidation of the Balkan Bank Ltd. in Zagreb from 1922 when it was founded, 1925 when it entered the liquidation process, until 1948 when its liquidation was formally finished. The bank had a branch in Belgrade. The bank's business had at first developed favourably, however, in August 1922 its president Dušan Plavšić took over the duty of the assistant finance minister. Since the government to which Plavšić belonged resigned in December 1922, a campaign in the press began due to political circumstances of that time and it was also aimed at the Balkan Bank. This gave the entire case a purely political connotation i.e. the bank's founders and managers were members of the Democratic Party, hence, Dušan Plavšić as its president was one of the prominent Party members. On the other hand, the next government was formed by Nikola Pašić and his Radicals and one of the latter, Milan Stojadinović, became a new finance minister. Plavšić's criticism of Stojadinović's financial policy caused his fall into Stojadinović's disfavour. After taking over his new duty Stojadinović continually attacked Dušan Plavšić. The campaign in the press had severe consequences for the bank. The alarming news about the bank's inability to pay its obligations caused its investors to withdraw their money. Within several months the bank had to return from the current accounts circa 20.000,00 dinars to various creditors, mostly other banks. This demand compelled the bank's management to take drastic measures, since these demands put the entire business of the bank into a very difficult situation. The bank had to accelerate the turnover of its funds as much as possible, which could mostly be achieved in foreign exchange turnover. The bank went rather naïvely and precipitously into the badly executed transactions involving foreign currency cheques, which proved disastrous. Namely, the bank forced selling of the dollar cheques, securing them in foreign currency. However, even though the bank bought large foreign currency funds in cash from various financial institutes in Zagreb and Belgrade in order to secure the sold cheques, the institutes did not produce the bought funds in time. Hence, not having enough funds at its disposal the bank was unable to secure its issued cheques. This forced the bank to cease its activities concerning foreign currency. Naturally, the press denounced the bank for selling bounced cheques. Just when it was thought that things cannot get worse, the Ministry of Traffic revoked the concession of the construction firm of the Graduated Engineer Nikola Plavšić for constructing the Vardište-Šargan railway, which was financed by the bank as a partner. The ensuing court battle did not enable the bank to regain even half of its invested funds, which took away its last hope to acquire larger financial funds. Its management had no alternative but to request the opening of the proceedings of agreement with creditors. The latter was adopted on 23 October 1924 and the decision of the Judicial Table as the agreement court in this issue was proclaimed on 10 November 1924. The agreement became final on 10 March 1925. Based on that agreement the Balkan Bank should have concluded its liquidation. The Extraordinary General Assembly on 18 April 1925 unanimously accepted the conclusion on the bank's liquidation. The bank legally existed until 1948 when after its liquidation was formalised in practice it was deleted from the commercial register of the County Court in Zagreb.
Ovaj diplomski rad odgovara na istraživačko pitanje: kako se razvijala proračunska transparentnost u Gradu Bjelovaru za vrijeme aktualnog mandata lokalne vlasti u periodu 2017.-2020.? Provedena je studija slučaja u kojoj su korištene dvije kvalitativne metode prikupljanja podataka – intervju i analiza dokumenata. Prikupljena građa kodirana je prema pravilima kvalitativne analize sadržaja. U zaključku rada iznosi se kako se razvoj proračunske politike u Bjelovaru može odrediti, iako uz neke manjkavosti, kao primjer ili aspekt dobrog upravljanja. Zajednička načela lokalne proračunske politike i koncepta dobrog upravljanja su – transparentnost i odgovornost. Četiri su glavna i relevantna elementa razvoja proračunske politike Bjelovara: transparentnost kao cilj, aplikacija Transparentno i projekt "Grad Bjelovar – najtransparentniji grad u Hrvatskoj" kao osnovni instrumenti, gradonačelnik kao ključan akter zajedno sa svojim suradnicima i građani kao glavna ciljana skupina. Upravo je iscrpan pregled difuzne i nejasne literature o konceptu dobrog upravljanja koji je relativno nov u području javnih politika, i sistematičan prikaz svih autora koji ga definiraju na različite načine, važan doprinos ovog znanstvenog rada. Ovaj rad predstavlja politološki pogled na ekonomsku temu te ističe važnost proceduralne dimenzije transparentnosti – važno je kako se odlučivalo o procesu. ; This paper attempts to provide an answer to the following research question: how did the budgetary transparency develop in the city of Bjelovar during the term of office of the current local authorities in the period between 2017 and 2020? In order to do that, a case study was undertaken, for which the two qualitative data collection methods were used – the interview and the document analysis. The collected data has been coded in accordance with the rules of qualitative data analysis. In its conclusion, this paper states that the development of budgetary transparency in the city of Bjelovar can be labeled, despite some defects, as an example of an ...
