The Realist–Pacifist Summit Meeting of March 1942 and the Political Reorientation of Ecumenical Protestantism in the United States
In: After Cloven Tongues of Fire, S. 56-81
In: After Cloven Tongues of Fire, S. 56-81
Discusses issues of theory & method connected with a study of Norwegian viewers' reception of TV news, drawing on an analysis of media coverage of the Ronald Reagan & Mikhail Gorbachev summit in Mowcow in 1988, underpinned by interview data from 20 viewers. A theory of media reception is developed in a review of the work of Stuart Hall (1983) & Pierre Bourdieu (1977). It is suggested that, to gain an understanding of audience reception, it is necessary to construct a typology of the range of decodings made by viewers & to analyze how & why these decodings vary. Four modes of decodings are identified -- the doxic, the orthodox, the heterodox, & the paradoxical -- & likened to cultural habituses in that they correspond to varying levels of economic & cultural capital. Each mode has distinctive ways of interpreting news media coverage. More specifically, persons with high cultural capital are able to use TV information to make a mark on the public sphere, while more disadvantaged persons are more likely to fall victim to the medium's rhetoric. 2 Tables. D. Ryfe
Summarizes the "Summit of the Americas," held 20-22 Apr 2001 in Quebec City, along with concurrent protests against the meeting in the form of a nearby "People's Summit" & other protest activities, including sit-ins, demonstrations, & other "carnivalesque" events. Efforts at the main summit to redefine the terms of global order in the post-Bretton Woods world economy are reviewed, focusing on the goal of creating "transnational subjects" through new forms of transnational governance as the political adjunct to economic changes in the form of global neoliberalism. Oppositional politics that arose in protest to the goals of the summit are described, highlighting their global spread, particularly in the form of "transnational communities of resistance." General discussion is offered on the political construction of transnational subjects & the politics of opposition against the "hemispheric growth machine" represented by such summits. K. Hyatt Stewart
Summarizes the "Summit of the Americas," held 20-22 Apr 2001 in Quebec City, along with concurrent protests against the meeting in the form of a nearby "People's Summit" & other protest activities, including sit-ins, demonstrations, & other "carnivalesque" events. Efforts at the main summit to redefine the terms of global order in the post-Bretton Woods world economy are reviewed, focusing on the goal of creating "transnational subjects" through new forms of transnational governance as the political adjunct to economic changes in the form of global neoliberalism. Oppositional politics that arose in protest to the goals of the summit are described, highlighting their global spread, particularly in the form of "transnational communities of resistance." General discussion is offered on the political construction of transnational subjects & the politics of opposition against the "hemispheric growth machine" represented by such summits. K. Hyatt Stewart
This collection of essays builds on a tradition of scholarly collaboration that began at a meeting of social movement scholars from the US & Europe at the Free U of Amsterdam in 1986. The meeting aimed to bridge the gaps between American & European scholarly traditions & between sociologists & political scientists. As new generations have joined in this collaboration, the bridge between old & new has had to be bridged as well. The contributions to this book reflect the richness of this collaboration as they study contemporary social movements & their interactions with opponents, authorities, & international institutions. They touch on some promising research topics such as global protest campaigns, counter-summits, cross-sectoral alliances among movements & nongovernmental organizations, & the refraction of transnational protest activity into the domestic arena. Drawing on recent cases of transnational contention -- eg, from the European Social Forum, the Argentinean human rights movement, & the Zapatistas -- the essays adapt the concepts & hypotheses developed in social movement scholarship to a new cycle of protest development around the globe under three headings: Transnationalism from the Inside; Diffusion & Scale Shift; & Internationalization. J. Stanton
European Union enlargement has long been an issue of concern. Article O of the Maastricht Treaty dealt with enlargement, while the Amsterdam Treaty supports the power of the European Parliament to accept or deny membership. The Europe Agreements have proven central to the application of Central & Eastern European Countries (CEEC), as has the establishment of institutions that facilitate bilateral meetings between individual CEEC countries & the EU. Agenda 2000 (published in July 1997) & the Luxembourg Summit preceded the formal beginning (Mar 1998) of the accession process. During this process, the applications of the five front-runners plus Cyprus entered the negotiation phase. Though a country may meet all the requirements for EU membership, the Copenhagen criteria require that the EU be able to "absorb" the new member. Therefore, while the EU is currently being pressured to enlarge toward Eastern Europe, the enlargement process continues to be constrained by restrictive membership rules. K. A. Larsen
Smith addresses the reasons for & implementation of increased foreign & security policy making in the European Union (EU). History of the EU's stance in the post-Cold War era includes the proposal to create a European Defense Community, deference to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the significance of the Maastricht Treaty, & proposals considered at the Nov 1999 meeting in Tampere, Finland. Evolving interpretations of foreign & security policy are reviewed, & the issue of containment is contemplated. Detailing of the Single European Act of 1985, the Maastricht Treaty, & the Treaty of Amsterdam accompanies examination of changes to the Common Foreign & Security Policy. Recent momentum of the Amsterdam provisions is evidenced by decisions made at the June 1999 Cologne Summit & the Dec 1999 Helsinki European Council. The new framework of foreign & security policy is illustrated by a figure showing the distinctive & overlapping jurisdictions & roles of bodies, including NATO & Partnership for Peace. The drive for maintenance of European security & resulting EU actions are considered with relation to recent events in Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, & Kosovo. 3 Figures, 21 References. M. C. Leary