Suchergebnisse

Professor of Ecology Economics at Universidad Austral de Chile, Director of the Institute of Economics. He established the principles of Barefoot Economics and the Theory of Human Scale Development, for which in 1983 he was awarded the Alternative Nobel Prize by the Swedish Parliament. One of the 100 visionaries of the 20th Century (see: "Visionaries of the 20th Century" a Resurgence Anthology, Green Books, 2006, Cornwall, England). One of the 50 key thinkers on the history of development (see: "Fifty Key Thinkers on Development", Ed. David Simon, Routledge, 2006, London and New York). One of the top 50 world leaders in sustainability (see: "The top 50 Sustainability Books" University of Cambridge, Greenleaf Publishing Ltd., England, 2009). ; Profesor de Economía Ecológica en la Universidad Austral de Chile, Director del Instituto de Economía. Creador de los Principios de Economía Descalza y de la Teoría del Desarrollo a Escala Humana, por lo que fue galardonado en el Parlamento de Suecia, con el Premio Nobel Alternativo correspondiente al año 1983. Uno de los cien visionarios del Siglo XX (Ver "Visionaries of the 20th Century" a Resurgence Anthology, Green Books, 2006, Cornwall, Inglaterra). Uno de los cincuenta pensadores claves de la historia sobre Desarrollo (Ver "Fifty Key Thinkers on Development", Ed. David Simon, Routledge, 2006, Londres y New York). Uno de los cincuenta líderes mundiales en Sostenibilidad, (Ver "The top 50 Sustainability Books" University of Cambridge, Greenleaf Publishing Ltd., Inglaterra, 2009).

Este documento pretende contribuir al debate y esclarecimiento sobre el Desarrollo Sustentable. No hay sector en el mundo que no hable del Desarrollo Sustentable, pero muy pocos entienden lo que realmente propone éste. De esto se aprovechan en forma reiterada los países capitalistas y sus representantes en los diferentes sectores. Los neoliberales también hablan de Desarrollo Sostenible; pero, ¿son consecuentes con sus principios económicos?, ¿la visión antropocéntrica propone realmente el Desarrollo Sostenible? ¿En gobiernos que están bajo el mandato del FMI y BM se podrán implementar políticas que encaminen al Desarrollo Sostenible? Estas son algunas de las preguntas que vamos a esclarecer en el documento. La crisis ambiental no es un problema reciente. Esto viene aconteciendo desde muchos años atrás. Si en los años setenta la crisis ambiental llevó a proclamar el freno al crecimiento antes de alcanzar el colapso ecológico, en los años noventa la dialéctica de la cuestión ambiental ha producido su negación: hoy el discurso neoliberal afirma la desaparición de la contradicción entre ambiente y crecimiento. Los mecanismos de mercado se convierten en el medio más certero y eficaz para internalizar las condiciones ecológicas y los valores ambientales al proceso de crecimiento económico. En la perspectiva neoliberal, los problemas ecológicos no surgen como resultado de la acumulación de capital, ni por fallas del mercado, sino por no haber asignado derechos de propiedad y precios a los bienes comunes. Una vez establecido lo anterior, las clarividentes leyes del mercado se encargarían de ajustar los desequilibrios ecológicos y las diferencias sociales: la equidad y la sustentabilidad. El discurso dominante busca promover el crecimiento económico sostenido, negando las condiciones ecológicas y termodinámicas que establecen límites a la apropiación y transformación capitalista de la naturaleza. La naturaleza está siendo incorporada así al capital mediante una doble operación: por una parte se intenta internalizar los costos ambientales del progreso; junto con ello, se instrumenta una operación simbólica, un «cálculo de significación» que recodifica al hombre, la cultura y la naturaleza como formas aparentes de una misma esencia: el capital. Así, los procesos ecológicos y simbólicos son reconvertidos en capital natural, humano y cultural, para ser asimilados al proceso de reproducción y expansión del orden económico, reestructurando las condiciones de la producción mediante una gestión económicamente racional del ambiente. De esta manera, la retórica del crecimiento sostenible ha reconvertido el sentido crítico del concepto de ambiente en un discurso voluntarista, proclamando que las políticas neoliberales habrán de conducirnos hacia los objetivos del equilibrio ecológico y la justicia social por la vía más eficaz: el crecimiento económico guiado por el libre mercado. Este discurso promete alcanzar su propósito, sin una fundamentación sobre la capacidad del mercado para dar su justo valor a la naturaleza, para internalizar las externalidades ambientales y disolver las desigualdades sociales; para revertir las leyes de la entropía y actualizar las preferencias de las generaciones futuras. ; This document aims to contribute to the debate and clarification on sustainable development, there is no sector in the world that does not speak of the importance of this topic, but very few understand what it really proposes. Capitalist countries and their representatives in different sectors repeatedly take advantage of this. Neoliberals also speak of sustainable development; But, are they consistent with its economic principles? Does the anthropocentric vision really propose sustainable development? In governments that are under the mandate of the IMF and WB, will policies that aim at sustainable development be implemented? These are some of the questions that we are going to clarify in the document. The environmental crisis is not a recent problem. This has been going on for many years. If in the 1970s the environmental crisis led to proclaiming the brake on growth before reaching ecological collapse, in the 1990s the dialectic of the environmental question has produced its negation: today the neoliberal discourse affirms the disappearance of the contradiction between environment and increase. Market mechanisms become the most accurate and effective way to internalize ecological conditions and environmental values in the process of economic growth. In the neoliberal perspective, ecological problems do not arise as a result of capital accumulation, nor due to market failures, but because of not having assigned property rights and prices to common goods. Once this was established, the clairvoyant laws of the market would be in charge of adjusting ecological imbalances and social differences: equity and sustainability. The dominant discourse seeks to promote sustained economic growth, denying the ecological and thermodynamic conditions that set limits to the capitalist appropriation and transformation of nature. Nature is thus being incorporated into capital through a double operation: on the one hand, an attempt is made to internalize the environmental costs of progress; Along with this, a symbolic operation is implemented, a "calculation of significance" that recodes man, culture and nature as apparent forms of the same essence: capital. Thus, the ecological and symbolic processes are converted into natural, human and cultural capital, to be assimilated to the process of reproduction and expansion of the economic order, restructuring the conditions of production through economically rational management of the environment. In this way, the rhetoric of sustainable growth has turned the critical sense of the concept of environment into a voluntarist discourse, proclaiming that neoliberal policies must lead us towards the objectives of ecological balance and social justice by the most effective means: economic growth. guided by the free market. This discourse promises to achieve its purpose, without a foundation on the market's capacity to give its fair value to nature, to internalize environmental externalities and dissolve social inequalities; to reverse the laws of entropy and update the preferences of future generations.

The objective of the work was to study the international aspects of the regulation of social and labor relations, with emphasis on global processes and their influence, on the part of international institutions, on the security of the individual and stable development in the work environment. The study used scientific methods such as: systemic analysis, comparison, functional historical, legal comparative and communicative. It was established that the sharp multiplication of global problems that have currently appeared before mankind requires consensual efforts of all members of the world community. In the conclusions it was stressed that all measures of the world community in terms of labor have to start from the true fact that it affirms the safety and dignity of work of each person as a fundamental value. Consequently, the category «security» should be considered not only as an abstract dominant of development of a certain spectrum of labor social relations, but also as a real reason for the valid assurance of each individual. Definitely, the guarantee of safety should be based on the active position of each separate individual, not only in the sphere of occupational safety and hygiene, but in all spheres of social relations.

Introducción a la relación entre cultura y desarrollo desde el marco conceptual y evolución de la misma en programas, cumbres y documentos internacionales en el proceso de inclusión como objetivo de la Agenda de Desarrollo Post 2015. ; Introduction to the relationship between culture and development from the conceptual framework. Evolution of culture programs, summits and international documents in the process of inclusion as an objective of the Post 2015 Development Agenda.

The environmental severe problems that today the humanity faces are the result of the imposition of the irrational models of production and consumption of the developed world. The destruction of the forests, the degradation of the soils, the contamination of the waters, the deflection of the ozone layer, the global warming and other phenomena, are driving to the disappearance of the human species. The cooperative model, in its production or services expressions, contemplates the same essence of the sustainable development, with a harmonic balance between the economic growth, the social equal development and the protection of the environment.When analyzing the modern principles of the cooperatives, a narrow relationship is identified with the bases of the sustainable development. These principles are intimately linked with the values of mutual help, solidarity, responsibility, justness, equality, justice, respect and democracy, for what they promote and they project a sustainability model, anchored in the community, for which an authentic true local development is built, private of the lucre and the anarchy whose main objective is the human being's harmonic development and of its personality, based in the common work to achieve a collective benefit.In particular, the agricultural cooperatives have a great importance in the environmental topic and the sustainability, in correspondence with the so narrow connection with the soils and the water, natural resources that suffer a great pressure for the development, for what is indispensable that they introduce and extend technical and sustainable procedures, and be projected toward the natural and organic productions. ; Los graves problemas ambientales que hoy enfrenta la humanidad son el resultado de la imposición de los modelos irracionales de producción y consumo del mundo desarrollado. La destrucción de los bosques, el empobrecimiento de los suelos, la contaminación de las aguas, el debilitamiento de la capa de ozono, el calentamiento global y otros fenómenos, ...

Law and sustainable development / Hernando Gutiérrez Prieto -- Constitutions and sustainable development / Hernando Gutiérrez Prieto -- Corporate social responsibility / Ildikó Szegedy-Maszák -- Man and the natural environment as elements of development / Francisco José González Ladrón de Guevara -- El silencioso clamor de la vida / Catalina Uprimny Salazar -- A general approach to dilemmatic postures regarding the design of financial safety nets / Fernan Restrepo Cardona

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU)tienen como propósito crear un conjunto de objetivos mundiales relacionados con desafíosambientales, políticos y económicos, haciendo frente a la pobreza extrema y el hambre, entreotros, como prioridades del desarrollo. Los ODS son un llamado urgente para que el mundohaga la transición a una senda más sostenible.Sobre el desarrollo sostenible o sustentable se puede decir en líneas generales que es aqueldonde el desarrollo de la generación presente satisface sus necesidades sin limitar a lasgeneraciones futuras para que también puedan satisfacer sus necesidades.En el presente trabajo, se desarrolla una evaluación integral de los procesos de desarrollosostenible, desde una mirada estatal y desde la perspectiva de organizaciones internacionalescomo el PNUD. De este modo, se trata de una indagación profunda sobre patrones de bioética ; The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations (UN) are intended to create aset of global objectives related to environmental, political and economic challenges, addressingextreme poverty and hunger, among others, as development priorities. The SDG's are an urgentcall for the world to make the transition to a more sustainable path.About the sustainable or sustainable development can be said in general lines that is where thedevelopment of the present generation meets their needs without limiting future generations sothat they can also meet their needs.In the present work, a comprehensive evaluation of sustainable development processes isdeveloped, from a state perspective and from the perspective of international organizationssuch as the PNUD. In this way, it is a deep inquiry about bioethics patterns.

The concept of sustainable development today, it is a conceptual category that has a close relationship with the economic model in the world of capitalism.This concept of being improperly labeling helps improve living conditions of impoverished societies is inserted in order to legitimize policy and contribute to global ideological consensus.With this kind of discourse on the one hand seeks to strengthen the hegemony of the neoliberal model unanimous application and other industrialized countries to evade their responsibility to environmental problems, poverty and depredation of the planet. Hence, the sustainable development becomes a necessity induced by large global corporations and governments on duty to facilitate the implementation of economic measures within the logic of neoliberalism ; El concepto de Desarrollo sostenible es hoy por hoy, una categoría conceptual que tiene una relación estrecha con el modelo económico imperante en el mundo del capitalismo.Este concepto etiquetado inadecuadamente de ser el que permite mejorar la condición de vida de sociedades empobrecidas, es insertado en los órdenes normativos para darle legitimidad y coadyuvar al consenso ideológico global.Con este tipo de discursos se busca por un lado fortalecer la hegemonía en la aplicación unánime del modelo Neoliberal y por otro, que los países industrializados evadan su responsabilidad frente al problema medio ambiental, la pobreza y la depredación del planeta. De ahí que el Desarrollo sostenible se convierte en una necesidad inducida por las grandes corporaciones mundiales y gobernantes de turno que facilitan la aplicación de medidas económicas dentro de la lógica del neoliberalismo.

Increasing threats of biodiversity loss, recent emerging environmental crises and disasters, environmental degradation caused by increased industrial production, increased anthropogenic pressures, and population growth since the mid-20th century have created a threat for the lives of current and future generations. The concern of the world community with environmental problems was expressed in the main forums, summits and was marked by the development of strategies aimed at sustainable development and the change in the economic path towards the formation of environmental protection technologies and the creation of an economy. green globally and regionally. Many prominent scientists considered the tasks of protecting the environment and sustainable regional development, but the problems of the green economy and the transition to sustainable development in the region are not fully understood. In this sense, the objective of the research is to consider the possibility of implementing a strategy for sustainable development and a "green economy" in Russia (regional aspect).

The objective of the article was to study the mechanism of public administration, which manifests itself at the state and municipal levels of regulation of socioeconomic processes in society. During the research, methods such as logic, dialectic and modelling were used. The result of the study was that an effective solution to societal problems is possible in terms of maintaining a stable interaction of public administration entities on the basis of effective communication in terms of public recognition and support from the authorities currently operating. The scientific novelty justified the need to support a variety of constructive forms of cooperation within the public administration between government officials, private companies and NGOs in the digital transformation to achieve the sustainable development of public administration. The practical significance of the study is that ways to improve the system were proposed in the context of digital transformation. It is concluded that a qualitative change in the interrelations of the system with an application of modern digital technologies of public administration is urgent, as a key means of modernizing the formation of various public information resources.

Se explican la filosofía, las nociones y los conceptos fundamentales del desarrollo sustentable, y enfatizan los desastres socioeconómicos, políticos e ecológicos que amenazan seriamente a la humanidad entera. Contrastan las diferencias abismales entre los países desarrollados y los país pobres y en vía de desarrollo. Se mencionan los intentos fallidos del ser humano conciente desde 1972 (la Declaración de Estocolmo) al tratar de buscar salidas a los problemas ambientales y enfatizan los intereses de los conglomerados superpoderosos como obstáculos al progreso del desarrollo sustentable. Se mencionan los indicadores de sustentabilidad y también los índices con énfasis sobre la estimación de los factores de educación, salud, pobreza, medioambiente e ecología. Se define el concepto de la biodiversidad y los modelos matemáticos de uso actual para su estimación. The basic philosophy, notions and concepts of sustainable development are laid out and the socioeconomic, political and ecological disasters that threaten the entire humanity are stressed. The huge differences among the developed, poor and developping countries are cotrasted. The failed intents of the conciencious man, since the Declaration of Stockholm (1972), in search of solutions to the environmental problems are pointed out, and the interests of the superpower conglomerates as a hinderance to the advancement of the sustainable development are mentioned. The indices of the sustainable development are mentioned with a particular emphasis on the estimation of some factors such as the education, health, poverty, the enviroment and the ecology. The concept of biodiversity is defined and the current mathematical models for its estimation are noted.

It is well know that human beings constitute the essential purpose of sustainable development. The Mining Region is the habitat of human beings working in the exploitation of mineral deposits. We showed that exists the necessary legislation and previous work that allowed proposing a Norm to organize Sustainable Development in Mining Region. ; Es conocido que los seres humanos constituyen el objetivo esencial del desarrollo sostenible. La Región Minera constituye el HABITAT de los seres humanos que trabajan en la explotación de los Yacimientos Minerales. Se demostró que existe la legislación necesaria así como trabajos precedentes que permiten proponer una Norma para organizar el Desarrollo Sostenible en la Región Minera.