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This paper discusses technological learning in the oil sector in Venezuela, with the help of a case study of ORIMULSION®, which heralded a very important techno logical breakthrough for the evolution of the nationalised oil industry in this country, being at the same time a challenge and an opportunity. The technological R&D policy for heavy and extra-heavy oils and bitumens of the Orinoco Oil Belt created the conditions for the domestic system of innovation in the oil industry to realise a catching up process, taking advantage of the available opportunities: the geological wealth offered by the national subsoil, a small but growing scientific and technical community of practitioners having direct access to operational activities of the newly nationalised industry, and an institutional learning procees based on an original technological trajectory both in INTEVEP, the oil industry's technological research centre, and in the domestic operating firms. The paper traces the complexity of the learning process at different times and in a number of dimensions, with an emphasis on the mechanisms through which the researchers, technicians and managers acquired and/or improved their know-how:

Examines how industrialisation takes place through the development of technological capability in interactions with the evolution of market competition, government policy, corporate strategy, and social culture in the context of developing countries. The framework is applied to Korea to describe the dynamics of technological learning in the industrialisation process. The Korean experience suggests a set of implications for other developing countries. (Original abstract - amended)

An analytical framework examines how industrialization takes place through the development of technological capability in interactions with the evolution of market competition, government policy, corporate strategy, & social culture in the context of developing countries. The framework is applied to Korea to describe the dynamics of technological learning in the industrialization process. The Korean experience suggests a set of implications for other developing countries. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 18 References. Adapted from the source document.

The purpose of this study is to examine how and to what extent the interaction between technology imports and efforts in local technological development has contributed to enhancing the process of technological learning and self-reliance in Tanzania's manufacturing sector. The study is based on a sample of 23 manufacturing enterprises selected from five different industries

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- PART ONE MAIN ROUTES -- 2 From Jitney to Giant: The Early Growth of Long-Distance Bus Transport in the USA -- 3 Missing Connections: The Long-Distance Bus Industry in the USA from the Second World War to Deregulation -- PART TWO REGIONAL HIGHWAYS -- 4 Tracing the Hound: The Minnesota Roots of the Greyhound Bus Corporation -- 5 Iowa's Bus Queen: Helen M. Schultz and the Red Ball Transportation Company -- 6 Minnesota's 'Mr Bus': Edgar F. Zelle and the Jefferson Highway Transportation Company -- PART THREE ALTERNATIVE AVENUES -- 7 The Motor Carrier Act of 1935: The Origins and Establishment of Federal Regulation of the Interstate Bus Industry in the USA -- 8 'See this Amazing America': The Long-Distance Bus Industry's Use of Advertising in its First Quarter Century -- 9 Not Rosie the Riveter: Women's Diverse Roles in the Making of the American Long-Distance Bus Industry -- 10 On and Off the Buses: 1940s Images from New York -- Bibliographical Essay and Bibliography -- Index

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- PART ONE MAIN ROUTES -- 2 From Jitney to Giant: The Early Growth of Long-Distance Bus Transport in the USA -- 3 Missing Connections: The Long-Distance Bus Industry in the USA from the Second World War to Deregulation -- PART TWO REGIONAL HIGHWAYS -- 4 Tracing the Hound: The Minnesota Roots of the Greyhound Bus Corporation -- 5 Iowa's Bus Queen: Helen M. Schultz and the Red Ball Transportation Company -- 6 Minnesota's 'Mr Bus': Edgar F. Zelle and the Jefferson Highway Transportation Company -- PART THREE ALTERNATIVE AVENUES -- 7 The Motor Carrier Act of 1935: The Origins and Establishment of Federal Regulation of the Interstate Bus Industry in the USA -- 8 'See this Amazing America': The Long-Distance Bus Industry's Use of Advertising in its First Quarter Century -- 9 Not Rosie the Riveter: Women's Diverse Roles in the Making of the American Long-Distance Bus Industry -- 10 On and Off the Buses: 1940s Images from New York -- Bibliographical Essay and Bibliography -- Index