In Europa wird intensiv über einen angemessenen Umgang mit afrikanischem Kulturgut debattiert – auch über historische Fotografien, die koloniale Afrikavorstellungen mitkonstruierten. In Tansania etablierten sich seit der Unabhängigkeit des Landes neue und eigenständige Praktiken in der Verwendung kolonialer Hinterlassenschaften. Ausgehend von den aktuellen Gebrauchsweisen dreier Fotografien aus dem späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert zeigt Eliane Kurmann, wie Tansanierinnen und Tansanier sich solche Bilder seit den 1960er Jahren aneignen und sie umdeuten, um sie in die postkoloniale Geschichtskultur einzubinden. Darin widerspiegeln sich die tiefgreifenden Verschiebungen, die tansanische Geschichtsbilder seit der Kolonialzeit erfahren haben. Das Buch geht auch den Entstehungskontexten dieser Fotografien und ihren früheren Verwendungen nach und entschlüsselt die medialen Konstellationen, in denen sie einst ihre kolonialen Bedeutungen erhielten. Die drei Fotogeschichten veranschaulichen, wie koloniale Fotografien zu Bildern der tansanischen Geschichte geworden sind.
In Europa wird intensiv über einen angemessenen Umgang mit afrikanischem Kulturgut debattiert - auch über historische Fotografien, die koloniale Afrikavorstellungen mitkonstruierten. In Tansania etablierten sich seit der Unabhängigkeit des Landes neue und eigenständige Praktiken in der Verwendung kolonialer Hinterlassenschaften. Ausgehend von den aktuellen Gebrauchsweisen dreier Fotografien aus dem späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert zeigt die Autorin, wie Tansanierinnen und Tansanier sich solche Bilder seit den 1960er Jahren aneignen und sie umdeuten, um sie in die postkoloniale Geschichtskultur einzubinden. Darin widerspiegeln sich die tiefgreifenden Verschiebungen, die tansanische Geschichtsbilder seit der Kolonialzeit erfahren haben. Das Buch geht auch den Entstehungskontexten dieser Fotografien und ihren früheren Verwendungen nach und entschlüsselt die medialen Konstellationen, in denen sie einst ihre kolonialen Bedeutungen erhielten. Die drei Fotogeschichten veranschaulichen, wie koloniale Fotografien zu Bildern der tansanischen Geschichte geworden sind.
Vergessen, verdrängt, verschwiegen: Wer erinnert sich im heutigen Deutschland noch an jene Verbrechen, die das Kaiserreich in der Kolonie Ostafrika beging? Im dreijährigen Maji-Maji-Krieg, ab 1905 im heutigen Tansania ausgefochten, schlug die Kolonialmacht den Widerstand nieder und löschte im Kriegsgebiet etwa ein Drittel der Bevölkerung aus. In Kämpfen getötet, von den Kolonialtruppen ermordet oder der Strategie der 'verbrannten Erde' zum Opfer gefallen: Tansanische Historiker gehen von 250.000 bis 300.000 Toten aus. Anders als in Deutschland finden in Tansania regelmäßig Gedenkveranstaltungen statt, die Kämpfer gelten als Helden. Die Verbrechen als Völkermord zu brandmarken, ist in Deutschland noch immer umstritten. In Tansania dagegen ist strittig, welche Forderungen an die Bundesrepublik zu richten sind. Zu den Quellen des Bandes gehören Gespräche, die Aert van Riel mit Diplomaten, Wissenschaftlern und Aktivisten führte. Um die Ursachen für den unterschiedlichen Umgang mit der Kolonialgeschichte aufzuzeigen, nimmt der Band auch neokoloniale Abhängigkeiten in den Blick
German colonial history in today Tanzania Mainlad is extensively documented, but it has not been studied from its memory perspective despite it being widely remembered among the Tanzanians. This book documents German colonial memories as shared cultural legacy that exists in forms of monuments, archives and historical sites. It also presents them as trans-generational memory narratives that live in people's memories that are also commemorated in different ways like erection of war monuments. The book analyzes memories of colonialism from the historical perspective, showing how the collective memories like monuments and commemorations have undergone structural and institutional changes over time. The study uses Michael Rothberg's multi-directional theory, together with other theoretical approaches to analyze various forms of German colonial memories in Tanzanian context. The findings, which are analyzed historically, indicate that the collective memories of the Germans are cultural, communicative, commemorative, functional and topographical. They are also traumatic as well as nostalgic
"The Center Cannot Hold is an ethnographic study of an internationally-funded NGO in rural Tanzania that theorizes the decolonial potential of collapse and ruin. As Jenna N. Hanchey herself became involved in the struggles between British neocolonial leaders and managers working to transition the NGO to Tanzanian control, she sees her own internal contradictions as researcher, white savior and decolonial ally, just as she observes (and at times participates) as the NGO collapses under the incoherent aims of development and domination. Hanchey's analysis is structured around three key processes: Through haunted reflexivity, Western subjects come to recognize their own complicity in colonial violence, but also find their own inability to fully account for all of their modes of participation, leading to an unending (neo)colonial haunting. At the organizational level, liquid agency emerges from fluid epistemologies to find the cracks in the "solid" logics of NGO structures and precipitate agentic potential for change. In the collapse of both subjective coherence in Western volunteers and researchers and organizational structure of NGOs, falling apart opens space for decolonial dreamwork, a process of imagining and empowering impossible futures"--
Purpose: This study aimed at examining the role of transformational and transactional leadership on turnover intentions in Tanzania commercial banks. Further, the study examined the moderating effect of perceived organizational support. Design/Method/Approach: The study used a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 231 employees working in head offices of three commercial banks in Tanzania. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The study found that both transformational and transactional leadership are used in the commercial banks. Further, each leadership style plays a significant role in reducing turnover intentions. Perceived organizational support was also found to be a significant moderator of the relationship between each leadership style and turnover intentions Theoretical Implications: This study extends the literature on the role of relationship between transformational and transactional leadership on turnover intentions in Tanzania commercial banks. Practical Implications: This shows that both commercial banks have to make use of both transformational and transactional leadership styles in order to obtain positive outcomes in retaining their employees. Moreover, better results could be achieved once employees perceive presence of organizational support Originality/Value: As per the existing empirical literature it is the first study to be conducted in Tanzanian context Research Limitations/Future Research: This study used a quantitative method only. Future studies may consider using a mixed approach to get more insights from the respondents. Data collection was done in three commercial banks in Tanzania. A more comprehensive study which will be done in bank branches is therefore recommended.
Part I: Conceptualizing civil society and civic space -- 1. Introduction: Civil society responses to changing civic spaces -- 2. Interrogating civic space: Applying a civic-driven change perspective -- 3. Repertoires of the possible: Citizen action in challenging settings -- Part II: Contextual dynamics of civic space -- 4. Philanthropy during Covid-19 emergency: Towards a postcolonial perspective? -- 5. Sandwiched? Sri Lankan civic space amidst a repressive regime and a pandemic -- 6. Negotiating CSO-legitimacy in Tanzanian civic space -- 7. Spaces for peace in Mitrovica, Kosovo: Women's voices for change -- 8. The Algerian Hirak: Civil society and the role of artists in a civic space under pressure -- 9. Constrained humanitarian space in Rohingya response: Views from Bangladeshi NGOs -- Part III: Global connections and local civic space -- 10. Advocacy in constrained settings. Rethinking contextuality -- 11. The changing Amazonian civic space: Where soy meets resistance -- 12. Local civil society initiatives for peacebuilding in North-East Congo -- 13. Conclusions: Spaces of hope and despair?.
Klappentext: Wie hingen koloniale Herrschaft, Wirtschaft und hanseatisches Unternehmertum im Deutschen Kolonialreich zusammen? Dieser Frage geht der Historiker Kim Sebastian Todzi auf den Grund und untersucht dazu den Aufstieg und Fall des Hamburger Woermann-Konzerns. Kaum ein Unternehmen ist mit der deutschen Kolonialherrschaft in West- und Südwestafrika über eine so lange Zeit so eng verbunden wie dieser Konzern, der aus dem 1837 von Carl Woermann gegründeten Handelshaus C. Woermann hervorging.Todzi zeigt in seiner empirisch gesättigten und analytisch differenzierten Arbeit, die neuere Kolonialgeschichte, postkoloniale Ansätze und Unternehmensgeschichte produktiv verbindet, welche Rolle der Woermann-Konzern bei der Kolonisierung Kameruns spielte, wie er sich in einer quasi symbiotischen Beziehung mit der deutschen Kolonialherrschaft entwickelte - und wie er während des Völkermordes an den Herero und Nama (1904-1908) die Truppentransporte von Hamburg nach Deutsch-Südwestafrika organisierte.
Chapter 1: Introduction: Information and Communication Technologies as a Tool for Development -- Chapter 2: The History of ICT in East Africa from 1950-1990 -- Chapter 3: A Policy Paradox (Theoretical Framework) -- Chapter 4: Constructing a Policy for an ICT led vision—Centralization and Hierarchy in Rwanda -- Chapter 5: Technological Lessons from the Past: The Tanzanian Experience -- Chapter 6: Measuring the ICT Led Vision -- Chapter 7: Citizen Participation in ICT Policymaking -- Chapter 8: Cyber-Pessimism: Using ICT in Uganda for Surveillance and Control and Suppression -- Chapter 9: Conclusion and Recommendations.
Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Chinese capital and its spatio-temporal fix -- Chapter 3: Theorising African state agency -- Chapter 4: The destiny of the Freedom Railway: From anti-imperialism to accumulation by dispossession? -- Chapter 5: Divergent state agency: Zambia's debt impasse and Magufuli's nationalist infrastructure state -- Chapter 6: The price of the Sino-Zambian 'road bonanza' -- Chapter 7: The political economy of 'not so public' procurement -- Chapter 8: Towards a 'new era' of Sino-African infrastructure cooperation.
Populists and the pandemic : how populists around the world responded to Covid-19 / Nils Ringe and Lucio Rennó -- The United States : Trump, populism, and the pandemic / Kenneth M. Roberts -- Mexico : a politically effective populist pandemic response / Nicolás de la Cerda and Cecilia Martinez-Gallardo -- Brazil : "we are all going to die one day" / Frederico Bertholini -- Argentina : Peronism and inclusionary populist adaptation to the pandemic / Germán Lodola and Luisina Perelmiter -- The United Kingdom : the pandemic and the tale of two populist parties / Tim Bale -- Spain : different populist responses with similar (and limited) outcomes / Carolina Plaza-Colodro and Nicolás Miranda Olivares -- Italy : the diverging strategies of the populist radical right during the pandemic / Lisa Zanotti and Carlos Meléndez -- Poland : when populists must manage crisis instead of performing it / Ben Stanley -- Hungary : creeping authoritarianism in the name of pandemic response / Agnes Batory -- Turkey : governing the unpredictable through market imperative / Evren Balta and Soli Özel -- Indonesia : from the pandemic crisis to democratic decline / Eunsook Jung -- India : the good, the bad, and the deadly consequences of India's pandemic response / Saloni Bhogale and Pavithra Suryanarayan -- The Philippines : penal populism and pandemic response / Paul D. Kenny and Ronald Holmes -- Russia : muddling through populism and the pandemic / Anton Shirikov, Valeriia Umanets and Yoshiko Herrera -- Nicaragua : populist performance and authoritarian practice during Covid-19 / Rachel A. Schwartz and Kai M. Thaler -- Venezuela : a populist legacy and authoritarian response / Caitlin Andrews-Lee -- Tanzania : narrating the eradication of Covid-19 / Dan Paget -- South Africa : from populist inertia to insurrection / Ryan Brunette and Benjamin Fogel -- France : balancing respectability and radicalization in a pandemic / Marta Lorimer and Ethan vanderWilden -- Germany : the Alternative for Germany in the Covid-19 pandemic / Marcel Lewandowsky, Christoph Leonhardt and Andreas Blätte -- Belgium : against the government and its parties, (not so much) with the people / Judith Sijstermans and Steven M. Van Hauwaert -- The Netherlands : divergent paths for the populist radical right / Sarah L. de Lange -- Conclusion / Nils Ringe, Lucio Rennó and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser.
Verlagsinfo: German colonial history in today Tanzania Mainlad is extensively documented, but it has not been studied from its memory perspective despite it being widely remembered among the Tanzanians. This book documents German colonial memories as shared cultural legacy that exists in forms of monuments, archives and historical sites. It also presents them as trans-generational memory narratives that live in people's memories that are also commemorated in different ways like erection of war monuments. The book analyzes memories of colonialism from the historical perspective, showing how the collective memories like monuments and commemorations have undergone structural and institutional changes over time. The study uses Michael Rothberg's multi-directional theory, together with other theoretical approaches to analyze various forms of German colonial memories in Tanzanian context. The findings, which are analyzed historically, indicate that the collective memories of the Germans are cultural, communicative, commemorative, functional and topographical. They are also traumatic as well as nostalgic...
Since Russia's war in Ukraine, many European countries have been scrambling to find alternative energy sources. One of the answers was to increase imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). By bypassing the use of pipelines from the East by building LNG terminals, the EU opened up a wider variety of potential suppliers. The Europe-Africa Energy and Climate Partnership provides a framework for a win-win alliance. African countries will be key players in the future, including sub-Saharan countries such as Nigeria, Senegal, Mozambique and Angola. According to the REPowerEU plan, hydrogen partnerships in Africa will enable the import of 10 million tons of hydrogen by 2030, replacing about 18 billion cubic meters of imported Russian gas. Algeria, Niger and Nigeria recently agreed to build a 4,128-kilometer trans-Saharan gas pipeline that would run through the three countries to Europe. Once completed, the pipeline will transport 30 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The African Coalition for Trade and Investment (ACTING) estimates potential sub-Saharan LNG export capacity at 134 million tonnes of LNG (approximately 175 billion m3) by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa is also expected to become the main producer of green hydrogen by 2050. However, this market remains to be developed and requires significant expansion of renewable production and water availability. However, the EU countries and companies involved would be well advised to take note of the adoption of much stricter EU greenhouse gas reduction targets for 2030 and the publication of the European Commission's methane strategy. That being said, the EU could risk having more than half of Europe's LNG infrastructure idle by 2030, as European LNG capacity in 2030 exceeds total forecast gas demand, including LNG and pipeline gas. Regardless, it should not be forgotten that African countries want and need to develop their domestic gas markets as a priority, and that export potential depends on this domestic development. In the long term, a global energy mix would be needed to accelerate change driven by new resources, new technologies and climate commitments. These changes in the use and availability of energy resources would also affect the use of fossil fuels. Regardless of this, in addition to the LNG supply, the EU must also take care of increasing its own storage capacities to be able to guarantee a cost-efficient response to a natural gas supply bottleneck. However, LNG alone is not enough to ensure the resilience of the system in the event of a supply failure. Alternative energy resources and energy saving remain essential.