Many European governments, including Norway, have ambitious educational policies regarding digitalisation. Many businesses and policymakers pay great attention to the use of digital technologies in education in order to meet the future demands for a competent and qualified workforce. Among researchers and policymakers, there is a general consensus that the professional teacher is a key figure for the successful implementation of digital technologies in schools. Many expectations have been placed upon professional teachers regarding the implementation and use of digital technologies. The professional teacher is, to a certain degree, supposed to independently decide how digital technologies should be used in the classroom. This paper discusses what the concept of a 'professional digitally competent teacher' may mean in the context of schools. It also argues the need for a greater understanding of professional digital competence, one which takes into consideration various social and cultural aspects with regard to technology, schools and the teaching profession. In unpacking the social and cultural conditions for implementing technology in a professional teaching context, I will draw on concepts from the constructivist understanding of technology, namely, the 'domestication of technology'.
This paper aims to analyze teachers' discourses on young lesbians in the Portuguese schools. To that end, we carried out semi-structured interviews with 24 Portuguese teachers of middle and secondary schools. After having analyzed the retrieved data from the interviews, we identified four main themes: gender polarization; lesbian invisibility; homophobia; and measures against homophobia. Based on their discourses, we concluded that these interviewees have a small amount of knowledge about lesbian women's sexuality. Despite the legislative progress concerning the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender People's rights in Portugal, teachers are not prepared to deal with this issue both inside and outside the school environment. Furthermore, this research includes some recommendations to deal with homophobia in the Portuguese school context. This study will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of the discourses and practices towards young lesbians in the school panorama, highlighting the importance of promoting non-discriminatory attitudes in the Portuguese schools.
This article focuses on the development of a small-scale research project implemented in a public school in Bogotá, Colombia with a group of fourth graders who study English as a foreign language. The main goal of this research is to determine the criteria my fourth graders use when assessing the worksheets I provided them with in the English class. The data collection techniques that support the proposal are questionnaires, semi-open interviews, and the teacher's journal. This study prompted a more collaborative environment among teacher and students regarding a basic activity of the curriculum as the materials used in class. Finally, this paper emphasizes the importance of creating classrooms that are more democratic to enrich the educational process. Key words: Materials assessment, evaluation, assessment, democratic classrooms, English innovation, foreign language innovation, curriculum Este artículo se centra en el desarrollo de un proyecto de investigación a pequeña escala implementado en un colegio público en Bogotá, Colombia con un grupo de cuarto de primaria que estudia inglés como lengua extranjera. El principal fin de esta investigación es determinar el criterio usado por mis estudiantes de cuarto de primaria cuando evalúan los talleres que yo diseño para la clase de inglés. Las técnicas de recolección de datos que soportan esta propuesta son cuestionarios, entrevistas semiabiertas, y el diario del profesor como fuente secundaria. Este estudio promovió un ambiente de mayor diálogo entre profesor y estudiantes, teniendo en cuenta una actividad básica del currículo como son los materiales usados en clase. Finalmente, este trabajo enfatiza en la importancia de crear salones más democráticos para enriquecer el proceso educativo. Palabras claves: Evaluación de materiales, evaluación, seguimiento, salones democráticos, innovación-inglés, innovación-lengua extranjera, currículo
A large majority of university students use social networking sites (SNS) actively. Nevertheless, there are very limited studies examining students' perceptions about student-teacher relationships in SNSs comprehensively. The purpose of this research was to investigate university students' perceptions about interacting with their teachers in SNSs, and to this end an exploratory mixed-methods design was utilised. Qualitative data were collected from 21 students via interviews, and quantitative data from 1,324 students in 19 universities in Turkey via a questionnaire. Content analysis, descriptive analysis and principal component analysis methods were used to analyse the data. The content analysis contributed to the formulation of the questionnaire items. The principal component analysis yielded the following four dimensions: perceived utility, perceived barriers, perceived favourable teacher behaviours, and perceived unfavourable teacher behaviours. The most prominent finding is that the students were mostly opposed to their teachers' sharing their political and religious views; however, they were in favour of teachers sharing information about their personal life. Despite some students displaying some hesitation, especially concerning the level of respect between them, the majority of students had a positive outlook towards teacher-student friendships. The students indicated that being friends on SNSs would increase their motivation towards the course.
Este artículo reporta un análisis del estado del arte sobre las actitudes de los profesores hacia la educación inclusiva de niños con discapacidad. Este artículo analiza una variedad de investigaciones con el propósito de explorar los factores y las razones que pueden incidir en las actitudes de los profesores sobre la enseñanza a niños discapacitados. El análisis fue llevado a cabo para mostrar evidencia de las perspectivas positivas y negativas de los profesores hacía la inclusión. Durante todo el análisis, las actitudes de los profesores resultaron ser influenciadas por su filosofía general de inclusión y la percepción de como debería ser implementado este proceso. Después de discutir los resultados de los estudios analizados, se encontró que las actitudes positivas o negativas dependía de una variedad de factores como el conocimiento de educación inclusiva, tiempo, recursos y desarrollo profesional.Palabras Claves: Inclusión, Politicas, y ActitudesAbstractThis paper reports a review of literature concerning the attitudes of teachers toward inclusive education of children with disabilities. This paper reviews a large body of research-based literature, in order to explore the factors and reasons that might impact teachers' attitudes concerning the teaching of disabled children. The analysis was carried out to show evidence of positive and negative views of teachers towards inclusion. Throughout the analysis, teachers' attitudes were found to be influenced by their general philosophy of inclusion and the way they perceived that inclusion should be implemented. After analyzing the results of various research studies, it was found that teachers' positive or negative attitudes depended on many factors such as knowledge toward inclusive education, time, resources and professional development. Key words: Inclusion, policies and teachers' attitudes
El comienzo y los primeros años de trabajo de un docente se pueden visualizar de diversos modos. Por ejemplo, mediante la imagen de un triángulo con la persona del docente en uno de sus vértices. Como persona, el docente novel cuenta con una visión particular de su trabajo y un sentido de misión o tarea. Se siente más capacitado en unas áreas que en otras, y con una confianza variable respecto a su preparación inicial (aunque esta percepción puede cambiar con las primeras experiencias). Desde los otros vértices del triángulo confluyen hacia este nuevo profesional mensajes que provienen del contexto de trabajo y mensajes del contexto social y político referidos a la enseñanza, a la calidad o no de su preparación inicial y a lo que deben o no deben hacer los docentes. En su lugar de trabajo, en forma concreta, enfrenta demandas o conflictos, recibe apoyos, y formula preguntas que no siempre tienen respuesta. El docente novel acoge, rechaza, interpreta y reinterpreta estas experiencias como en una suerte de reconfiguración de la identidad profesional que tal vez pensó que había adquirido en su formación inicial. En esto, no difiere de otros profesionales enfrentados a sus primeras experiencias de trabajo, pero las vive en condiciones más complejas por el entretejido de relaciones que le demandan la responsabilidad con alumnos, padres, colegas, autoridades y su propio entorno social de amistades; y por la diversidad posible de las expectativas respecto a su trabajo, tanto personales como de otros. ; The beginning and the first years of teaching can be viewed in various ways. For example, the image of a triangle with the person's teaching in one of its vertices. As a person, the novice teacher has a particular vision of his work and a sense of mission or task. The beginning teacher feels more capable in some areas than others and with a confidence variable with respect to its initial preparation (although this perception may change with the first experiments). From the other sides of the triangle together towards this new professional messages that come from the context of work and messages of social and political context relating to education, quality or otherwise of their initial preparation and what they should or should not make teachers. In their place of work, in concrete form, is facing demands or conflicts, receives support, and asks questions that do not always have the answer. The beginning teacher welcomes, rejected, interpreted and reinterpreted these experiences as a sort of re-shaping the professional identity that maybe he thought he had acquired in their initial training. In this, no different from other professionals faced with his first work experiences, but those living in more complex by the interweaving of relationships that will demand accountability with students, parents, peers, authorities and his own social environment of friends, and possible by the diversity of expectations regarding their work, both personal and from others. ; Grupo FORCE (Formación Centrada en la Escuela) Universidad de Granada
This article offers a historical and legal review of the subject of religion. Through the review of various laws, from the 1978 Constitution to the LOCE, explains the role and the reason of the existence of the subject of religion in schools. In addition, the problem of teachers of religion in public schools is also treated here. ; Este artículo ofrece una revisión histórica y jurídica a la asignatura de religión. Por medio del repaso a distintas leyes, desde la Constitución de 1978, hasta la LOCE, se explica la función y el porqué de la existencia de la asignatura de religión en los centros escolares. Además, se plantea la problemática de los profesores de religión en los centros públicos.
The purpose of the study was the analysis of the implementation of the reform of primary education as a structural model of the formation of the preparation of the future elementary school, for the design of the educational environment. The research methodology used included the analysis of legislative documentation to determine the requirements for the professional activity of an elementary school teacher. The procedure and features of actions for the development of a structural-functional model, of the formation of the readiness of future elementary school teachers to design an educational environment include: analysis of objects; choice of the form of the model; theoretical, methodical, spatio-temporal, material-technical, legal substantiation; the choice of a factor of formation of the system; establishment of connections and dependencies of the main components. The content of the developed main blocks of the model: meta - purpose and task; methodological - approaches and principles; content-procedure - updated content of the discipline content of the vocational and practical training cycle, forms of organization of the educational process, methods, means of training and diagnostics; organizational and pedagogical conditions; stages: adaptation, intensification and identification. It is concluded that the developed model reflects the actual educational process of achieving the expected results.
La competencia en lenguas extranjeras, la conciencia global y la comunicación intercultural están cada vez más reconocidas como aspectos esenciales de la participación productiva en el ámbito económico, cívico, político y social del siglo XXI. Como consecuencia, la promoción internacional de estas competencias adquiere una importancia única en el espectro de la educación infantil, básica y secundaria en Estados Unidos. El conjunto de nuevos objetivos para estudiantes de hoy implica el desarrollo de nuevas competencias entre docentes que no han sido contempladas hasta ahora en las iniciativas de desarrollo profesional llevadas a cabo en Estados Unidos, y poco se sabe sobre la adquisición de estas competencias entre educadores. Estas competencias pueden entenderse según el modelo de competencia comunicativa intercultural de Byram (1997), cuyos principios de desarrollo se basan en señalar el aprendizaje on-line como una herramienta eficaz para la adquisición de competencias entre docentes. En este artículo se presenta el análisis de varios estudios sobre el aprendizaje intercultural; aprendizaje intercultural y tecnología; y el desarrollo profesional on-line de profesores, con el fin de plantear la posibilidad de las tres dimensiones. En suma, se nos ofrece una serie de principios sobre el diseño educativo que promueven la construcción de estas competencias interculturales en los profesores, entre los que destaca la evidencia de que las tecnologías en red aplicadas al aprendizaje on-line poseen aspectos únicos para desarrollar las competencias interculturales en todas las áreas. ; Foreign language ability, global awareness, and intercultural communication skills are increasingly recognized as essential dimensions of productive participation in the emerging economic, civic, political and social arenas of the 21st century. Consequently, these skills are being promoted more intentionally than ever across the spectrum of K16 education. This newly articulated set of objectives for today's students implies a concomitant set of competencies in educators. These competencies have not traditionally been a focus of professional development efforts in the United States, and little is known about how best to cultivate these competencies in educators. These competencies can be understood in terms of Byram's (1997) model of intercultural communicative competence (ICC). The principles of ICC development point to online learning as a potentially powerful lever in cultivating teachers' own competencies in this arena. A review of studies of intercultural learning, technologically-mediated intercultural learning and online teacher professional development is offered to suggest how these three domains might overlap. A synthesis of the findings across these literatures suggests a set of principles and educational design features to promote the building of teachers' intercultural competencies. A key finding reveals the unique affordances of networked technologies in online learning opportunities to support the development of intercultural competencies in teachers across all subject areas.
According to the UN (2020) the changes generated by the pandemic have affected the educational system in all its strata, but it is the teachers and governments that play the essential role in allowing diligent and adequate responses to the crisis to be managed, developing educational solutions at a distance, thanks to the rapid response of teachers and governments around the world supporting the continuity of education. In order to recognize specifically what teachers, do to face the pandemic, this mixed exploratory research was carried out with the participation of 30 teachers from the Agricultural Technical Educational Institution (INETA- Puerto Lopez -Meta), an institution with three sites in which they serve students from elementary to high school, whose population belongs mostly to the strata 1 and 2. ; Según la ONU (2020) los cambios generados por la pandemia han afectado el sistema educativo en todos sus estamentos, pero son los docentes y los gobiernos los que desempeñan la función esencial de permitir que se gestionen respuestas diligentes y adecuadas ante la crisis, desarrollando soluciones educativas a distancia, gracias a la rápida respuesta de docentes y gobiernos en todo el mundo apoyando la continuidad de la educación. Para reconocer específicamente lo que los docentes realizan para afrontar la pandemia, se realizó esta investigación de tipo exploratorio mixto con la participación de 30 docentes de la Institución Educativa Técnico agropecuario (INETA- Puerto López -Meta), institución que cuenta con tres sedes en las cuales atienden estudiantes desde la básica hasta la media, cuya población pertenece en su mayoría a los estratos 1 y 2. El trabajo docente, por su parte, se limita al uso de celulares y del WhatsApp.
Currently, the world has imposed a dizzying pace in all areas of our lives, one of them, the labor development of the individual. Organizational processes, have undergone major changes, due to the competitiveness imposed by economic pressures of industrialization, automation, globalization and other economic, political and social phenomena that directly affect the health of workers, unable to adapt to the new rules imposed by the labor market. In this situation, it has become important, the so-called burnout syndrome or burnout, which manifests with psychological changes that are increasing in intensity from discontent and irritability to emotional outbursts, especially professionals as employees, mainly in the service delivery area (teachers, lawyers, police). This situation is exacerbated if the individual performs his duties in inappropriate conditions, with excessive shifts, insecure tenure, inadequate remuneration and lack of material and human resources necessary for proper execution of their tasks. Burnout has become the most researched psychological effects work in recent decades, demonstrating the growing number of publications that address. All this has led specialists to rule in favor of the inclusion of this syndrome as an occupational disease, with all the legal and economic consequences that entails. It is important to assess the state of the art of this phenomenon and to place in perspective the problem has reached dimension. The present study aims to analyze the presence of burnout syndrome among university teachers in Latin America and Spain, as an important element in the welfare and quality of working life of university teachers; through a systematic review of the scientific literature published in the period 2005-2015. A literature search was performed in databases (EBSCO, e-book, redalyc, scielo, Dialnet, academic google), considering Latin American countries and Spain. All articles that examined until October 30, 2015 and criteria to ensure compatibility between studies were defined. 152 articles of which 86 were empirical studies and 66 literature reviews found. Articles of empirical studies (86), were definitely 35 documents, givinga population sample of6842university teachers. Most of the authors used the MBI instrument, there is a prevalence of burnout in women than in men. ; Los procesos organizativos, han sufrido grandes cambios, debido a la competitividad impuesta por las presiones económicas derivadas de la industrialización, automatización, globalización y otros fenómenos económicos, políticos y sociales, que repercuten directamente en la salud del trabajador, al no poder adaptarse a las nuevas reglas impuestas por el mercado laboral. Ante esta situación, ha cobrado importancia, el llamado Síndrome de Burnout o de desgaste profesional, que se manifiesta con cambios psicológicos que van incrementando su intensidad desde el descontento y la irritabilidad hasta estallidos emocionales, especialmente en profesionales en relación de dependencia, fundamentalmente en el área de prestación de servicios (docentes, abogados, policías, médicos, enfermeras, etc.). Esta situación se agrava, si el individuo ejecuta sus labores en condiciones inapropiadas, con turnos excesivos, inseguridad en el cargo, remuneración insuficiente y carencia de recursos materiales o humanos indispensables para una correcta ejecución de sus tareas. El presente estudio pretende analizar la presencia del síndrome de burnout en docentes universitarios en Latinoamérica y España, como un elemento importante en el bienestar y en la calidad de vida laboral del docente universitario; a través de realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica publicada en el periodo 2005 –2015. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos (ebsco, e-book, redalyc, scielo, Dialnet, google académico), considerando países latinoamericanos y España. Se examinaron todos los artículos existentes hasta el 30 de Octubre de 2015 y se definieron los criterios que aseguran la compatibilidad entre los estudios. Se encontraron 152 artículos de los cuales 86 eran de estudios empíricos y 66 de revisiones bibliográficas. De los artículos de estudios empíricos (86), quedaron definitivamente 35 documentos, dando una muestra poblacional de 6842 docentes universitarios. La mayor parte de los autores utilizó el Maslash Burnout Inventory (MBI), como instrumento para la evaluación del síndrome de Burnout.
La violencia entre escolares es un problema que afecta al 20% de los alumnos de nuestras aulas. El bullying un fenómeno grupal donde la violencia entre escolares resulta ser un emergente de las malas relaciones. Este fenómeno de maltrato se encuentra favorecido por la homofobia, encontrando que gran parte de los alumnos de orientación homosexual sufren con frecuencia los hostigamientos de sus compañeros (informe asociación FEGLBT, 2012). Las creencias intolerantes hacia grupos que se perciben diferentes son especialmente significativas entre los que han sido excluidos. Este trabajo plantea una revisión teórico-práctica sobre los problemas de violencia escolar relacionados con la homofobia a través del análisis de diversos informes e investigaciones. Concluyendo que existen evidencias de relación entre bullying y homofobia. Siendo que la mayoría de los hostigamientos proceden de los compañeros pero también del propio profesorado. Es significativo que más de la mitad de las agresiones se inician entre los 12 y los 15 años. Por tanto se hace necesaria una intervención específica orientada a la formación del profesorado que facilite una convivencia plural y democrática. ; The problem of violence in schools affects up to 20 per cent of the students in our classrooms. Bullying is a group phenomenon that emerges from the bad relationships. This phenomenon of abuse is encouraged by homophobia, finding that much of homosexual orientation students often face harassment by peers (Report from the association FEGLBT, 2012). Intolerant beliefs toward groups that are perceived as different are especially significant among those who have been excluded. This paper presents a review of theoretical and practical problems of school violence related to homophobia through analysis of various reports and investigations. Concluding that, there is evidence of a relationship between bullying and homophobia. Since most of the harassment comes from peers but also from the teachers themselves. Significantly, more than half of the attacks are initiated when students are between 12 and 15 years old. Therefore a specific intervention aimed at teacher training to facilitate a pluralistic and democratic coexistence is needed. ; peerReviewed
The discipline Structural Considerations of Information explores the interests underlying communicational dynamics and information strategies, as well as the ways in which they correlate with messages. Considering this knowledge to be key in Communication Education, and having confirmed its close relationship with the dimensions of media competence, its presence is analyzed in the Media and Information Literacy (MIL) curriculum for teachers, whose training is crucial for the success of the process, developed by UNESCO, an organization that is a global referent in the field. A semantic content analysis reveals, from a quantitative perspective, a strong presence of thematic areas covered by the Structural Considerations of Information subject within the competencies and contents of the curriculum. However, at a qualitative level, there are fundamental weaknesses in its relationship with the structural approach to information. This occurs when the critical spirit of the text declines, starting with a definition of the media as sources of reliable information. The ubiquity of disinformation, and the key role played by stakeholders' knowledge, as well as the development of critical thinking to address it requires an update of this curriculum–the present review contributes to this development– highlighting the current necessity to address it from a structural vantage that fosters critical citizenship and a democratic process.
Education for social engagement is one of the main conditions in order to strengthen a deliberative and democratic society. The contributions of pedagogy and social sciences to this purpose are well known and object of a wide and rich debate. However, other fields such as visual arts can also convey a great potential when it comes to face the challenge of educating for social engagement. In this paper we will summarize some debates in art regarding the concept of commitment in contemporary culture. Some of these ideas have nowadays a remarkable influence on the spontaneous visual creativity, which is so popular among young people, and widely spread in the Net. Many recent approaches in the field of art education are precisely oriented to social contents. Therefore, we will briefly analyze the challenges that these contributions pose to the teacher training process. In the last paragraphs of this paper, we will summarize a case study research in the context of a teacher training program. Our aim is to evaluate how the participants experienced the possibility of using art to promote social engagement and the meaning that such experience had for them. We can observe that, during the project, art was used as an effective tool to convey social inquiry and awareness. The participants linked the experience to relevant aspects of their professional training. ; La educación para el compromiso social es sin duda un factor esencial para una sociedad deliberativa y democrática. Las aportaciones de la pedagogía y las ciencias sociales a tal cometido son conocidas y objeto de un amplio y rico debate. Sin embargo, también las artes cuentan con un enorme potencial frete al reto de educar para el compromiso. En este artículo analizaremos las aportaciones del arte a la idea de compromiso en la cultura contemporánea. Aportaciones que tienen hoy un amplio eco en la creatividad visual anónima que se difunde en las redes, y que es enormemente popular entre los más jóvenes. Como consecuencia, consideraremos las propuestas recientes de ...
En el ámbito socio-educativo, la 'formación docente' es un factor que caracteriza los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los diferentes niveles de educación. Por tal motivo, la formación y el desarrollo profesional constituyen un foco epistemológico en algunas investigaciones. Algunos autores como Vaillant (2007), Román y Murillo (2008) y Tejedor (2012) determinan una correlación entre el desarrollo profesional y el desempeño docente. En su efecto, organismos políticos han prestado especial atención a los procesos de formación continua. Esto con el propósito de proporcionar espacios de actualización docente y profesionalización a los docentes en ejercicio para el beneficio de los niños, niñas y jóvenes que forman parte del sistema educativo. En ese sentido, Ecuador en su normativa legal reconoce a los docentes el derecho a participar en situaciones de aprendizaje que potencien su formación y desempeño profesional. En Ecuador un total de 28.148 docentes que ejercen la docencia no cuentan con una formación en el ámbito pedagógico. ; In the socio-educational field, 'teacher training' is a factor that characterizes the teaching-learning processes at different levels of education. For this reason, training and professional development constitute an epistemological focus in some research. Some authors such as Vaillant (2007), Román and Murillo (2008) and Tejedor (2012) determine a correlation between professional development and teacher performance. In their effect, political bodies have paid special attention to the processes of continuous training. This is done with the purpose of providing opportunities for teacher training and professionalization for the benefit of children and young people who are part of the education system. In this sense, Ecuador, in its legislation, recognizes the right of teachers to participate in learning situations that strengthen their training and professional performance. In Ecuador, a total of 28,148 practicing teachers have no training in the area of teaching.