In this paper authors use non-experimental data from government schools in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, two of the largest Indian states, to present average school outcomes by contract status of teachers. The authors find that after controlling for teacher characteristics and school fixed effects, contract teachers are associated with higher effort than civil service teachers with permanent tenures. Higher teacher effort is associated with better student performance after controlling for other school inputs and student characteristics. Given that salaries earned by contract teachers are one fourth or less of civil service teachers, contract teachers may be a more cost-effective resource. However, contracts 'as they are' appear weak. Not only do contract teachers have fairly low average effort in absolute terms, but those who have been on the job for at least one full tenure have lower effort than others who are in the first contract period.
In 2013 the Swedish government launched a reform on career services for teachers that introduced first-teachersas a new category of teachers. Since this reform still is in the process of being rolled out, we know fairly little of its impact, especially concerning VET teachers that are appointed first-teachers. This paper explores and analyses two cases of VET first-teachers with focus on the implications on educational leadership practices in their work with school improvement where 'distributed leadership'is used as a lens forunderstanding the characteristic features of leadership practices. The re-sults show that the VET first-teachers consider themselves to represent an important educational leadership being process leaders for creating a culture built on mutual trust, turning the focus of school improvement from a 'top-down' perspective to change 'from below'. They become 'brokers'and a link between school management and their colleagues, even if there are some difficulties. Moreover they visualise differ-ent practices and foster a new awareness –concerning e.g. assessment and the relation-ship between school and work-place –that seem to influence collegial discourse.
The British Government's recent imposition of performance-related pay for teachers is the latest in a host of unpopular regulatory measures. In this paper, I examine the philosophical basis of regulation as a means of achieving higher educational standards and offer an analysis of the contradictions involved in regulating the teaching profession. I argue that regulatory measures alone are not equal to the problems they seek to rectify. An autonomous profession is morally self-regulating; professionals internalise purposes, values and performance expectations. The present regulatory regime is likely to undermine teacher commitment to underachieving pupils. It is likely to increase rather than decrease the number of poorly educated and disaffected individuals.
The major objective of the research was an exploration of the impact of Head teachers' instructional supervisory practices in Government Secondary Schools on teachers' performance. In this descriptive research, data was collected through a survey. The population was all the female and male head-teachers and teachers of Government high secondary schools of Sargodha. Sample of 75 schools and their head teachers and 225 teachers from each school were selected by multistage random sampling technique. Two rating scales were used to collect data. Pearson r and descriptive statistics watershed for data analysis. The conclusion of the study was that there was a significant positive relationship between head teachers' supervisory practices and teachers' performance. On the basis of conclusion, in-service training for both the teachers and the head teachers are commended
There are several efforts in Sweden, aiming at bridging the gap between the academic and work-based knowledge and experience of migrants and the Swedish requirements in different professional fields. In this chapter, the Swedish system in capturing the skills of migrant academics for use in the Swedish labour market, focusing on migrated teachers and preschool teachers, is described. The Bridging Programmes offer supplementary education for migrants with a teacher's degree from a foreign country. The Bridging Programmes are given at six higher education institutions in Sweden. Initially, a short background of the situation in Sweden and the Swedish government's intentions for allocating resources for bridging programmes is given. Thereafter the supplementary education for migrant teachers and preschool teachers is described: how it is organized at six higher education Institutions. (DIPF/Orig.)
This evaluation compares evidence from the literature with Australia's experience in supporting teacher development in a range of developing countries. It uses case studies to good effect in explaining choices made, the extent to which expectations were or were not met, and the lessons for future Australian assistance for teacher development. The evaluation found mixed results. In cooperation with governments and other donors, Australia has made positive contributions, such as improving teacher frameworks and curriculums, and training teachers through a range of interventions. However, there is room to improve—for example, in enhancing policy, strengthening analysis and negotiating new investments—so teacher education and training will result in better teaching and learning in schools. A significant limitation, acknowledged in this evaluation report, is insufficient attention to measuring learning outcomes. Follow-on evaluations involving the Office of Development Effectiveness are expected to help fill this gap.
Despite repeated attempts to reform schools, teachers' work has remained surprisingly stable. The purpose of this study was to investigate implementation of a state-funded restructuring initiative that intended broad changes in teachers' professional roles. Sponsors of the founding legislation reasoned that changes in teachers' roles would contribute to higher student achievement. This study examined the question of whether and how this program of comprehensive whole-school change promoted changes in teachers' roles in school governance, collegial relations, and the classroom. Further, the study traced the relationship of these changes to one another, and weighed the likelihood that they had the capacity to affect core educational practices. Theoretically, this study is situated in the available literature on teachers' collegial relations; participation in shared decision making; and classroom roles, relationships and practice. Three elementary schools served as the sites for intensive qualitative data collection completed over a two-year period. The schools differed in geographic location (two urban, one rural), but all enrolled a racially, ethnically and linguistically diverse population of students, and more than half of the students in each school qualified for free or reduced price lunch. The study resulted in multiple types and sources of data on teachers' professional roles, including: observations in classrooms, collegial interactions, and governance situations; interviews with teachers (including teacher leaders), parents, administrators, and students; and documents pertaining to the restructuring plans and process. Findings show that changes in the three areas were achieved unevenly in the three schools. All three schools introduced changes in classroom practice and roles, ranging from the adoption of multi-age classrooms to more modest innovations in curriculum or instruction. In only one case were changes in professional roles outside the classroom organized to support and sustain classroom changes. Two of the three schools introduced changes in staff organization (teacher teams) and leadership (governance committees), but under-estimated the professional development and other supports that would in turn support changes in classroom practice. Altogether, it appears unlikely that the observed changes in professional roles were sufficiently well established and connected to affect core educational practice in the long run.
In this paper, we use non‐experimental data from government schools in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, two of the largest Indian states, to present average school outcomes by contract status of teachers. We find that contract teachers are associated with higher effort than civil service teachers with permanent tenures, before as well as after controlling for school fixed effects. And higher teacher effort is associated with better student performance after controlling for other school inputs and student characteristics. Given that salaries earned by contract teachers are one‐fourth or less of civil service teachers, contract teachers may be a more cost‐effective resource. However, contracts 'as they are' appear weak. Not only do contract teachers have fairly low average effort in absolute terms, but those who have been on the job for at least one full tenure have lower effort than others who are in the first contract period.
One of the features of contemporary society is the increasing global mobility of professionals. While the education industry is a key site of the demand for contemporary global professional migration, little attention has been given to the global circulation of education professionals. Over past decades, immigrant teachers have been an important component of skilled and professional immigration into Australia, there is no comprehensive contemporary national study of the experiences of immigrant teachers in Australia. This article aims to fill this gap and to answer questions about their decision to move to Australia, their experience with Australian Education Departments in getting appointed to a school, their experiences as teachers in the classroom and in their new Australian community. It draws on primary data sources - in the form of a survey of 269 immigrant teachers in schools in NSW, SA and WA conducted in 2008-9 - and secondary sources - in the form of the 2006 national census and Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants in Australia – to provide insights into immigrant teachers in Australian schools, adding also to our understanding of Australia's contemporary immigration experience.
Student views of their teachers and schooling can influence motivation and interest in schooling as well as their approach to learning. This paper describes the results of an investigation of rural adolescents' views of their schooling. A total of 240 students from government and non-government schools in the South West of Western Australia were interviewed in small groups. They offered a diversity of responses and insights related to their views of teachers and teaching. Results indicate that what these young people needed from their schools was enough flexibility and choice to cater for this diversity, not only in terms of curriculum, but in the methods of teaching, and the scope of future potentials made available for them. Students were able to offer a range of thoughtful, clear descriptions of what worked and did not work for them at school and what needed to happen to make school meaningful and relevant to their lives and needs.
Maģistra darba mērķis ir noskaidrot, kādas skolotāja lomas atklāj pašu skolotāju interpretācija par tām, un kā šīs lomas atklājas kritiskās izglītības perspektīvas laukā. Pētījuma teorētisko ietvaru veido "lomas" un "interpretācijas" jēdzienu skaidrojums un kritiskās izglītības teorētiskās pamatnostādnes. Darbā izmantotā datu ieguves metode ir izglītības politikas dokumentu analīze un daļēji strukturētās intervijas ar sākumskolu skolotājiem, analīzē tiek izmantota kritiskā diskursa analīzes pieeja. Pētījumā tiek secināts, ka skolotāju lomas veido noteiktas skolotāja ikdienas darba prakse, kas vienlaikus var atbilst, gan neatbilst kritiskās izglītības pamatnostādnēm. Atslēgvārdi: sociālās lomas, interpretācija, kritiskā izglītība, kritiskā diskursa analīze. ; The purpose of the master's thesis is to find out what teachers' roles can be discovered by the interpretation provided by the teachers themselves and how these roles are unveiled in the field of critical education perspective. The theoretical framework of the research is provided by defining the concept of role and interpretation, as well as by the theoretical guidelines of critical education. Thesis data were gathered by means of analysing policy documents and by conducting semi - structured interviews with elementary school teachers, while analysis involved the approach of critical discourse analysis. The research concludes that the teacher roles are shaped by the specific routine of teacher daily practice that may simultaneously be in agreement and disagreement with the guidelines of critical education. Keywords: social roles, interpretation, critical education, critical discourse analysis.
The Purpose of this Booklet This booklet is intended to provide succinct guidance to teachers, leaders and other practitioners in schools on current research and methodologies related to coaching. Coaching is increasingly seen as an important, key element in practitioner professional learning. The Welsh Government's recent publication 'Investing in excellence: Our national workforce development plan 2019–21' (Welsh Government, 2019) includes commitments to: • a dedicated programme of coaching and mentoring and a set of standards for mentor support along with a programme of common professional learning for mentors. (designed for) practitioners in the early career stages • the introduction of an enhanced programme that includes coaching, mentoring and a high-level development programme (to support leadership and succession planning) The national professional learning model (NAPL) is the government's vehicle for the design and delivery of professional learning (https://gov.wales/national-approach-professional-learning-napl ). In the context of practitioner coaching and mentoring, the following design features are particularly pertinent: The professional learner is near the centre of our national approach. Professional Learning should be intended and designed to be a personalised response to individual professional learners' needs, taking into account their experience, expertise and aspirations. (Welsh Government, 2019) There are clearly links to effective teaching and learning also, and hence to the Welsh Government's professional standards for teaching and leadership (Welsh Government, 2018). Whilst the focus in this booklet is on the teaching profession, coaching has already been shown to be truly beneficial for the development of a wide range of professions, and for activities both inside and outside work (Passmore & Fillery-Travis, 2011). Photo by Toa Heftiba on Unsplash
The beginning and the first years of teaching can be viewed in various ways. For example, the image of a triangle with the person's teaching in one of its vertices. As a person, the novice teacher has a particular vision of his work and a sense of mission or task. The beginning teacher feels more capable in some areas than others and with a confidence variable with respect to its initial preparation (although this perception may change with the first experiments). From the other sides of the triangle together towards this new professional messages that come from the context of work and messages of social and political context relating to education, quality or otherwise of their initial preparation and what they should or should not make teachers. In their place of work, in concrete form, is facing demands or conflicts, receives support, and asks questions that do not always have the answer. The beginning teacher welcomes, rejected, interpreted and reinterpreted these experiences as a sort of re-shaping the professional identity that maybe he thought he had acquired in their initial training. In this, no different from other professionals faced with his first work experiences, but those living in more complex by the interweaving of relationships that will demand accountability with students, parents, peers, authorities and his own social environment of friends, and possible by the diversity of expectations regarding their work, both personal and from others.
Government of Thailand recognizes the need of Human Resources Development of teaching professionals as a key to maintain standards of education at an internationally competitive level. Considering the large number of teachers currently in service whose expertise in new teaching and learning approaches will be critical in implementing the educational reform, it is surprising that very little work has been done in planning, developing and delivering training in new teaching and learning methods. The biggest impact of the teaching and learning reform rests with the teachers currently in the classrooms and yet little attention has been given to (a) developing an in service training programme to help these teachers to adopt student centered learning and other new practices, and (b) considering innovative approaches to delivering. This is matter of serious concern as many of teachers have not had any training since they graduated some twenty or more years. ago and certainly no training in new teaching or learning methods. Since in-service training can't be taken away from classes, there is urgent need to direct resources to planning, developing and delivering of in-service training. (National Institute for Development of Teachers, Faculty Staffs and Educational Personnel, Ministry of Education, Annual report 2007) .
