Victimes et terrorisme
In: Revue internationale de droit pénal 76.2005,3/4
In: Revue internationale de droit pénal 76.2005,3/4
This paper is an attempt to answer the raw philosophical question of "ti esti stateterrorism". It is a critical philosophical analysis of the concept of state-terrorism based upon an epistemological discussion, in an effort to re-formulate the question of terrorism by making the case that state-terrorism is the mother phenomenon and root of all forms of terrorism. My ambition is to contribute to our understanding of terrorism by revealing that, in the Greek language which is the language of concepts and philosophy, the term terrorism is terrorcracy and literary means state-terrorism, while it belongs to the same family of words as democracy, since the suffix –cracy, a recognition that may have the power to open new ways of viewing the term and phenomenon of terrorism, if not re-define the whole concept by describing it according to the term's original meaning. Under this logic, terrorism would refer to a form of government and a political system. A hypothesis that my essay introduces into the philosophical dialogues on terrorism, since it never before has been discussed within these terms. State-terrorism is a forbidden term according to legal experts, however should not be treated as a sterile term by critical thinkers ; Este trabajo aborda la cuestión filosófica y urgente del "ti esti state-terrorism". El ensayo analiza críticamente y filosóficamente el concepto del terrorismo del estado, basado en una discusión epistemológica, que intenta re-formular la cuestión del terrorismo, donde se argumenta que el terrorismo de estado es el fenómeno inicial y la raíz del terrorismo en todas sus formas. Mi aspiración es contribuir a una comprensión del terrorismo que trate de revelar cómo en griego –el idioma de los conceptos y la filosofía– el término "terrorismo" es "terror-cracia" y significa literalmente el terrorismo del estado; también es parte de la misma familia de la democracia, al tener el sufijo "–cracia." Este reconocimiento puede revelar nuevas maneras de ver el concepto y fenómeno del terrorismo, o incluso puede ayudar a redefinir el concepto por completo al ponerlo en sintonía con su sentido original. Según este razonamiento, el terrorismo se referiría a una forma del gobierno y a un sistema político. En mi ensayo introduzco esta hipótesis al hilo de diálogos filosóficos sobre el terrorismo, ya que el asunto no se había discutido nunca antes en estos términos. "El terrorismo del estado" es un término prohibido según los expertos jurídicos, pero los pensadores críticos no deben tratarlo como término estéril
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In: Revista Kavilando, Band 6, Heft 1, S. 38-47
ISSN: 2027-2391, 2344-7125
La persecución y criminalización a que el Estado colombiano ha sometido al profesor e investigador Miguel Ángel Beltrán durante los últimos seis años es un ejemplo fehaciente, a través de un caso personal, del terrorismo de Estado que se ha impuesto en nuestro país, y cuyas características criminales abarcan los más diversos ámbitos, como lo mostramos en este texto.
In: UNISCI Discussion Papers, Heft 16, S. 277
In this articles we will discuss terrorism in Colombia since the Peace research noting the lack of scientific approaches in that country. There are two main approaches to the topic or divisions, which constitute an ideological base resulting from the polarization that involves the concept of terrorism and ideological base is a function of the media who write about it. This division within Colombian society is the result of the discrediting of the political, economic and judicial, and especially the lack of studies that exist within the university and the disinterest of academics themselves. In this context we propose the alternative if there is a good or bad terrorism. The ambiguity on the issue, the absence of guidance with academic-scientific perspective have reduced Macondian theme in a literature that has contributed little to global issue, other countries instead (Israel, United Kingdom, Spain and the United States) have made great advances in the discipline of terrorism, Colombia is indebted to the international community which has to do with the study, analysis and diagnosis of the issue. ; Resumen: En este artículos vamos a analizar el terrorismo en Colombia desde la Investigación para la paz al observar la falta de planteamientos científicos en dicho país. Existen dos grandes planteamientos o divisiones en dicho tema, las cuales constituyen una base ideológica que resulta de la polarización que implica el concepto de terrorismo y que constituye una base ideológica en función de los medios de comunicación que escriben sobre el tema. Esta división dentro de la sociedad colombiana es la consecuencia del desprestigio de las instituciones políticas, económicas y judiciales, y sobre todo de la falta de estudios que existen dentro del ámbito universitario y el desinterés de los propios académicos. En este contexto planteamos la alternativa si existe un terrorismo bueno o malo. La ambigüedad en el tema, la ausencia de una directriz con perspectiva académico-científica han reducido el tema en una literatura macondiana que poco ha aportado al tema a nivel global, otros países por el contrario (Israel, Reino Unido, España y Estados Unidos) han aportado grandes avances en la disciplina del terrorismo, Colombia esta en deuda con la comunidad internacional en lo que tiene que ver con el estudio, análisis y diagnóstico sobre el tema.Abstract: In this articles we will discuss terrorism in Colombia since the Peace research noting the lack of scientific approaches in that country. There are two main approaches to the topic or divisions, which constitute an ideological base resulting from the polarization that involves the concept of terrorism and ideological base is a function of the media who write about it. This division within Colombian society is the result of the discrediting of the political, economic and judicial, and especially the lack of studies that exist within the university and the disinterest of academics themselves. In this context we propose the alternative if there is a good or bad terrorism. The ambiguity on the issue, the absence of guidance with academic-scientific perspective have reduced Macondian theme in a literature that has contributed little to global issue, other countries instead (Israel, United Kingdom, Spain and the United States) have made great advances in the discipline of terrorism, Colombia is indebted to the international community which has to do with the study, analysis and diagnosis of the issue.
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The emergence of the Internet has brought an endless application field within our everyday lives, with new possibilities and challenges. The criminal world has not been external to such appearance, taking advantage of the anonymity given by the world wide web. Internet and technology usage by terrorist groups will be the focal point, through three main frameworks: theoretical, legal and factual. 'Cyber' and 'terrorism' definitions will be precised, in order to round the concept 'cyberterrorism'. Legislation upon the subject will be presented as well as recent cases of cyberterrorism. ; El surgimiento de Internet trajo consigo un sinfín de aplicaciones a nuestra vida cotidiana, con nuevas posibilidades y desafíos. El mundo criminal no ha sido ajeno a esta aparición, obteniendo provecho de la anonimidad que la web conlleva. Se centrará el foco en el uso de la red y la tecnología por parte de los grupos terroristas a través de tres marcos principales: teórico, jurídico y fáctico. A tal fin, se precisarán definiciones de 'ciber' y 'terrorismo', para luego aproximarse al concepto 'ciberterrorismo'. Se trae a colación normativa relativa al tema en cuestión y finalmente se mencionan recientes casos de ciberterrorismo.
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In: Estudios/Working Papers 204
27 páginas. ; El terrorismo ha tomado lazos y vínculos muy fuertes dentro de la región de Latinoamérica, y buscan causar dentro de los países que la integran horror y muertes. El terrorismo años tras año se ha internacionalizado hasta el punto tener entrenamientos conjuntos entre estos grupos terroristas. Las mutaciones de los terroristas y las estrategias para eludir los controles gubernamentales hacen que las tareas en contra del terrorismo sean ineficaces. En el desarrollo de este trabajo recopilaremos los orígenes, sucesos y la actualidad del terrorismo dentro de los países Latinoamericanos. ; Terrorism has taken very strong ties and ties within the Latin American region, and seeks to cause within the countries that make up horror and death. Terrorism year after year has been internationalized to the point of having joint trainings between these terrorist groups. Mutations of terrorists and strategies to bypass government controls make counter-terrorism efforts ineffective. In the development of this work we will compile the origins, events and the current situation of terrorism within the Latin American countries.
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In: Cuestiones políticas, Band 39, Heft 71, S. 44-61
The gradual rapprochement between peoples, cultures, beliefs involve numerous conflicts with indigenous peoples on ethnic or religious grounds. These conflicts tend to turn into articulation of radical positions and extremist activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the current state of terrorist acts and identify the determinants of terrorism on racial and religious grounds in Western Europe. The statistical method, comparison, graphic analysis, analysis of the Global Index of Terrorism; The European Union reports on the situation and trends of terrorism, as well as the research on terrorism-related issues for 2011-2021, were used as empirical research methods. It is determined that the UK, France, Germany, Greece, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and Sweden are subject to the highest risk of terrorist acts. It was proved that the determinants of terrorism are localized in relation to key issues related to the state of the economic sphere, social development, as well as the spiritual and cultural sphere. Emphasis is placed on the need to overcome the problems associated with terrorist activities by formulating a policy of national means of resolving ethnic and racial issues and active international cooperation. Further research will identify key determinants of terrorism in Eastern Europe.
In: Revista mexicana de política exterior: publicación cuatrimestral del Instituto Matías Romero de Estudios Diplomáticos, Heft 81, S. 205-212
ISSN: 0185-6022
Abstract. Economic criminality and terrorism have become transnational issues, and, after reaching the political, social and economic spheres in the different States, they have become two of the most dangerous current threats. The article aims to analyze these two paradigms of organized crime, beginning by decoding the concepts of economic and terrorist criminality, starting from the external expression. Subsequently, it deals with these events from a functional and practical viewpoint, seeking to identify certain systematic profiles which will enable us to reach a clear concept of what economic and terrorist criminality is. After going over international trends as regards legislation and international criminal politics, the text focuses on a privileged connection between both types: terrorist funding. ; Resumen. La criminalidad económica y el terrorismo han adquirido una dimensión transnacional y, al alcanzar las esferas política, social y económica de los Estados, se hantransformado en dos de las más peligrosas amenazas actuales. El artículo procura una aproximación a estos dos paradigmas del crimen organizado, comenzando por descifrar los conceptos de criminalidad económica y terrorista, partiendo de la expresión externa.Posteriormente aborda los fenómenos desde una perspectiva funcional y práctica, buscandoidentificar ciertos perfiles sistemáticos que permitan arribar a un concepto acabado de la criminalidad económica y terrorista. Tras relevar las tendencias legislativas internacionalesy la política criminal internacional, finalmente el texto se centra en un punto de conexión privilegiado entre ambos tipos: el financiamiento terrorista.
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According to studies, global terrorism seen four periods, each based on its own set of political relations. This paper examines the factors and analyzes the relationship between religion-based ideologies in terrorism, crime, because of achieving prevention strategies by understanding the causes of its occurrence. In other words, the authors explain in the areas of influence of the religious motives of another form of terrorism. Today's motive alone, in his mid-term well-known international crime, show as one of the leading wave with this new feature, distinguishing itself from the previous three periods. Investigating what caused this behavior characterized by secularism and the separation of religion from politics, today flavor to god somewhere that killing the innocent in order to please God done. At the end of this kind of terrorism prevention strategies and new theories proposed to provide security, psychology and criminology followed. Religious terrorism, causes, Neoterrorism, prevention, religión.
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El presente trabajo pretende ofrecer algo de luz sobre las nociones de terrorismo y de víctima. En este sentido, se proponen dos puntos de vista en relación con el primero, uno más propio o estricto, el terrorismo como fin que solo puede darse en sociedades democráticas y otro más impropio o amplio, el terrorismo como método, o el método terrorista, susceptible de explicar muchos más fenómenos violentos contemporáneos o históricos. En relación con la noción de víctima se relata su mejor situación normativa a partir de la comprensión del terrorismo como un peligro global tras el 11-S y se justifica por una toma de posición relevante y novedosa de la comunidad internacional en relación con ellas: las víctimas del terrorismo, hoy, son consideradas víctimas del violaciones de derechos humanos y no solo víctimas de un delito particular. A partir de ahí, se comprende que tengan reconocidos genuinos derechos y que ocupen un lugar relevante tanto en el espacio público como en el proceso penal. ; This paper aims to provide some light on the concepts of terrorism and victim. Here, we propose two views in relation to the first, a more proper or strict, terrorism as an end that can only happen in democratic societies, and other improper or more wide, terrorism as a method, or the terrorist method likely to explain much more violent contemporary or historical phenomena. Regarding the notion of victim explains its better regulation from the understanding of terrorism as a global danger after 11-S and is justified by a relevant stance and innovative international community in relation to them: victims of terrorism today are considered victims of human rights violations and not just victims of a particular crime. From there, we understand that genuine rights are recognized and occupy an important place both in public and in criminal proceedings.
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