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Rethinking the prosecutor's discretion at the International Criminal Court: substantive limitations and judicial control
In: Beiträge zum internationalen und europäischen Strafrecht Band 52
The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939
Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).
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The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939
Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).
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The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939
Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).
BASE
The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939
Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).
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Il Diploma Supplement: core e certificazione delle conoscenze e delle competenze. L'esperienza del CdLM in Scienze delle Professioni Sanitarie della Riabilitazione - Università degli Studi di Milano
Background: Diploma Supplement (DS) is a document intended as a supplement to the Diploma awarded by the institution which has scheduled a training process and that characterizes in detail the core competencies and core curriculum derived achieved by the learner. Also called Syllabus, is a description of the study plan. Aim: The purpose of our work is to write up the Diploma Supplement of Master's Degree course in Healthcare Professions for Rehabilitation in the Faculty of Medicine, University of study of Milan. Methods: According to Italian legislation, the DS can be written in Italian and other European language and is composed of different sections with personal study plan and teaching date. Additional informations can also be conteined. Discussion: The DS has been a preliminary laborious work of collection, sorting and organization of general and specific learning objectives and teaching content of the course curriculum to complement the objectives of the course study of job opportunities and the characteristics of the studies with the aim of enhancing the acquired curriculum and encourage the academic recognition in other countries. We have possible future purposes to improve and implement the document. Conclusion: In conclusion it seems to say that as a course of study and attention placed on the student with the Diploma Supplement are in line with national and European policies.
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Il riconoscimento tardivo : idee, pratiche e immagini dell'obiezione di coscienza al servizio militare in Italia con una comparazione con la Repubblica Federale Tedesca (1945-1972)
Defence date: 9 December 2014 ; Examining Board: Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor); Prof. Federico Romero, European University Institute; Prof., Stefano Cavazza, Università di Bologna; Prof.sa Petra Terhöven, Georg-August Universität Göttingen. ; Questa tesi si concentra sulla storia dell'obiezione di coscienza al servizio militare (odc) in Italia, nel periodo 1945-1972 (anno del riconoscimento del diritto), svolgendo un paragone con quanto accaduto nella Repubblica Federale tedesca (dove il diritto fu inscritto nella Grundgesetz del 1949). L'odc è un tema ancora trascurato dalla storiografia perché considerato marginale (almeno in ambito europeo, dove la questione, in sostanza, è storicamente chiusa). Questo lavoro parte invece dall'idea che lo studio del diritto all'odc permetta di illuminare molteplici contesti (dinamica dei rapporti tra Stato e cittadini, ruolo delle minoranze, guerra fredda, processo di costruzione europea, ecc.) in una prospettiva transnazionale. In particolare, l'odc può offrire un punto di accesso originale alla comprensione di alcuni cambiamenti culturali intervenuti dopo il 1945: è uno dei segni più evidenti dell'opposizione individuale al militarismo e allo stesso tempo indica una precisa presa di posizione nel dibattito sul ruolo dei cittadini all'interno dello Stato e sul monopolio della violenza; pertanto può essere inteso anche come un indicatore del rapporto tra sfera normativa e sfera morale individuale e una delle tracce più evidenti del rinnovamento culturale in materia di pace e, di riflesso, di guerra avvenuto nel periodo postbellico. I due paesi in esame, pur partendo da situazioni per molti versi analoghe, si confrontarono con la questione dell'odc con due approcci che portarono a esiti a lungo divergenti. La tesi mostrerà i percorsi italiano e tedesco (concentrandosi maggiormente sul primo e utilizzando il secondo in chiave comparativa) mettendo in luce principalmente tre aspetti: l'elaborazione teorica del rifiuto delle armi (analizzando le varie posizioni storiche, dall'antimilitarismo del movimento operaio al pacifismo integrale, basato su un'etica religiosa o laica) e la sua pratica dal XIX secolo alla seconda guerra mondiale; le pratiche e i modelli culturali degli obiettori del secondo dopoguerra e il contesto in cui agirono (reti di relazioni, ruolo degli intellettuali e dell'opinione pubblica, ecc.); l'iter giuridico che portò al riconoscimento del diritto.
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Vaistinių perspektyvos teikti farmacinės rūpybos paslaugas ; Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies
Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.
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Vaistinių perspektyvos teikti farmacinės rūpybos paslaugas ; Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies
Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.
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Vaistinių perspektyvos teikti farmacinės rūpybos paslaugas ; Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies
Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.
BASE
Vaistinių perspektyvos teikti farmacinės rūpybos paslaugas ; Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies
Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.
BASE
Vaistinių perspektyvos teikti farmacinės rūpybos paslaugas ; Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies
Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.
BASE
Vaistinių perspektyvos teikti farmacinės rūpybos paslaugas ; Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies
Perspectives to Provide Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pharmacies Master Thesis by J. Baliukevičienė and Z. Jonikienė/ scientific manager dr. Kostas Ivanauskas; Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy – Vilnius. Title. Perspectives to provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies Aim of the study. To appreciate perspectives of pharmacies in providing pharmaceutical care services. Goals of the study. • To analyze the evolution of pharmaceutical care in the world and Lithuania. • To examine legal regulation of pharmaceutical care in Lithuania and Europe. • To appreciate preparation of pharmacies and pharmacist to provide pharmaceutical care services in Lithuania. • To identify reasons which restrict or promote development of pharmaceutical care. Methods. • The theoretical analysis.There were analyzed the latest articles and studies in Lithuania and other countries. Also there was reviewed legislation ofRepublic of Lithuania. • The empirical method. It was a qualitative study. Patients in Vilnius and Alytus had to fill in questionnaire with closed-ended questions. Respondents could select one or more options. Moreover, pharmacist who already provide pharmaceutical care services in pharmacies also had to answer 12 open-ended questions about pharmaceutical care perspectives in Lithuania. Results.The investigation revealed that patients would like to discuss about the problems which are caused by wrong drug use, pharmacists could extend their compensating recipes. Also patients agree that pharmacists could provide more services such as vaccination, various measurements, or consult about nursing at home. The pharmacists' survey showed they need additional time to provide pharmaceutical care services. Also pharmacies do not have separate facilities to guarantee the confidentiality of consultation and collected patients' data. Conclusions. To expand pharmaceutical care is necessary education of public. They need to inform what services are available in pharmacies and what will be offered in future. Doctors should explain to the patients what assistance pharmacists can provide. For these provided services pharmacist have to be paid.
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