Suchergebnisse

On the political-legal plane, the direct consequence of the May coup organized by Józef Piłsudski in 1926 was an amendment of the March constitution of 1921. The above amendment was commonly referred to as the August amendment from the name of the month in which the two laws changing the constitution had been passed (2 August 1926). The core of the August amendment consisted in a strengthening of the position of the executive organs of the state at the expense of the Diet and the senate. The president obtained the right to dissolve parliament before the end of its term, following the motion of the ministers' council. Moreover, the president obtained the prerogatives to pass resolutions with the power of parliamentary laws and obtained new budgetary prerogatives. Parliament, on the other hand, became restricted as regards its powers to pass a no confidence vote towards the Ministers' Council or any individual minister. The political conceptions implemented by the interwar government aimed at doing away with the principle of a tri-partite division of state power in favor of a concentration of power in the hands of the state's president. The above conception had been fully realized in the new constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1935.

Events of August'91 as an expression of political disobidience in the process of shaping civil conduct, "Kultura i edukacja. Culture and Education" 2016, nr 4 (114), pp. 125-139 , 2016 Civil disobedience is the attitude which in the 20th century proved to be the only effective form of resistance to authoritarian regimes. So it was in the case of the events of August '91 when the Soviet society objected to the activities of the State Committee on the State of Emergency. It would not have been possible without the reform programme known as perestroika initiated by the last USSR leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Thanks to perestroika and the accompanying glasnost-transparency of sociopolitical life-the previously apathetic and alienated Soviet society felt responsible for their own life and for the fate of the State. By opposing the rebels through pas sive resistance, the citizens proved to the leaders of their own country, to the world, and above all, to themselves that they were aware of their rights and responsibilities. The process of sociopolitical socialization stimulated the development of civil society in the Soviet Union.

This study is a partial advance of ongoing research whose main objective is the creation, contribution, and analysis of cultural indicators in the Ecuadorian university context. This work focuses specifically on providing a series of indicators on the equipment, use, and consumption of the TIC of students of the National University of Education of Ecuador (UNAE). The methodology used is the quantitative of descriptive-analytical order, based on the data collected in a survey applied on a population sample, made up of 438 students of the total universe between the different careers and cycles offered by the UNAE. The sample has a margin of 95% reliability and an error of 5%. The obtained results showed a high level of equipment, use, and consumption of the different technological devices. Also, this university population spends daily hours in academic and free time activities in cellphones, television, videos, and internet.

Complexity of the changes taking place in modern societies makes it is necessary to deepen the analysis of the impact of social inequality on the activity of old people. Dissemination of new technologies and organizational forms allows solving many social problems and improving the quality of human life. At the same time broadens the range of areas in which old people are losing their authority and differ in expertise required for the achievement of socially valued goods. Article aims to highlight the importance of inequality for the activity of the elderly and its relationship to social capital in conditions of shaping social dispersion space order. Study brings closer chosen results of empirical studies portraying the dimensions of internal diversity of seniors.

The article presents plans to prepare an anthology of Lithuanian commemorative poetry written during the Reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski. Libraries of Vilnius are in possession of numerous surviving pieces of commemorative poetry from the second half of the 18th century, especially from the years 1762– –1794. It is hard to define the number of poems of that kind. Their authors are both students and professors of Vilnius universities, representatives of nobility and the clergy, as well as outstanding poets from that period. The prints serve as evidence of the literary culture of Vilnius, and are a kind of a literary chronicle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the second half of the 18th century. The reason for their creation were both the major events of that period, such as an inauguration of bishop Ignacy Jakub Massalski (1762), election of Stanisław August (1764), celebrations of anniversaries of the monarch's election and coronation, his birthdays and name days, the completion of the proceedings of the Main Tribunal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – as well as family events and celebrations: baptisms, weddings, name days and funerals of various individuals. There are also compositions devoted to less important events, such as duchess Teofilia Morawska of the Radziwiłłs' return from a journey to Nieśwież. Publishing an anthology of Vilnius commemorative poetry from that period is a chance to create a poetic chronicle of Vilnius and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second half of the 18th century. Preparing an anthology requires long preparations of various sort. Some of the poems are stored as separate prints, but in catalogues they appear under different titles, which sometimes have nothing to do with the author of the topic, some of the texts are published jointly with other prints or catalogued as manuscripts. One of the most important tasks is to define the author of all commemorative poems from that period, since they were not signed, but merely supplemented with the place which they came from. Vilnius commemorative poetry from the second half of 18th century undoubtedly deserves attention. It refers to the major events from political and public life, it is evidence of commitment of those individuals to whom it was addressed, and also constitutes an element of the public life, as the compositions were often presented during various celebrations and referred to the symbols present in the public space.