Suchergebnisse
Filter
INICIB: Driving scientific research in the faculty of human medicine of the Ricardo Palma University ; INICIB: Impulsando la investigación científica en la facultad de medicina humana de la Universidad Ricardo Palma
Biomedical research is fundamental for the development and advancement of the people and society as a whole. There is a need and responsibility of universities to produce new knowledge and tools for the resolution of current health problems, as well as the need for a better distribution of health benefits resulting from research, since a large number of people in the least developed countries have little or no benefit with the tools created in the richest countries to meet the health needs of populations in those same countries 1.The Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences: INICIB of the Universidad Ricardo Palma opened a new stage of scientific research in the Faculty of Human Medicine in 2017, deepening the formative research and promoting scientific research. A fundamental step was taken when winning and obtain financing from CONCYTEC-CIENCIA ACTIVA, to carry out the research project entitled: MOLECULAR PANELS FOR CANCER OF PULMON, MELANOMA AND COLON. This project is the result of the strategic collaboration established between Universidad Ricardo Palma with ESSALUD-IETSI, on the one hand, and with the productive sector represented by the ARC-PER organization on the other.• The relevance of this research project, for the period 2018-2019, is multiple:• Addresses a priority issue in public health in Peru and in the world: Cancer.• Incorporates advanced molecular and genomic technology platforms at an international level.• It is an original work that explores the molecular profile of cancer and the genomic profile of thePeruvian population with these three types of cancers.• Establishes collaborations with prestigious Research Centers in Europe and the United States.• Generates Technology Transfer and Research Methodologies for the participating centers.• Integrates the participation of human resources in health research training, both undergraduateand postgraduate.• Produces the participation of multidisciplinary research teams, linking university teachers,government institutions, the productive sector and international centers.• The most important: It will provide knowledge and innovation for the diagnosis in Peru of cancerpatients, as well as their potential prognostic and therapeutic applications. DOI:10.25176/RFMH.v18.n2.1278 ; La investigación biomédica es fundamental para el desarrollo y el avance de los pueblos y la sociedad en su conjunto. Existe la necesidad y la responsabilidad de las universidades de producir nuevo conocimiento y herramientas para la resolución de problemas actuales de salud, así como la necesidad de una mejor distribución de los beneficios en salud resultantes de las investigaciones, ya que un gran número de personas en los países menos desarrollados tienen poco o ningún beneficio con las herramientas creadas en los países más ricos para atender a las necesidades de salud de poblaciones de esos mismos países1. El Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas: INICIB de la Universidad Ricardo Palma abrió una nueva etapa de investigación científica en la Facultad de Medicina Humana en el año 2017, profundizando la investigación formativa y fomentando la investigación científica. Un paso fundamental se dio al ganar y obtener el financiamiento de CONCYTEC-CIENCIA ACTIVA, para realizar el proyecto de investigación titulado: PANELES MOLECULARES PARA CÁNCER DE PULMON, MELANOMA Y COLON. Este proyecto es la resultante de la colaboración estratégica establecida entre la Universidad Ricardo Palma con ESSALUD-IETSI, por un lado, y con el sector productivo representado por la organización ARC-PER por el otro. La relevancia de este proyecto de investigación, para el periodo 2018-2019, es múltiple: • Aborda un tema de prioridad en salud publica en el Perú y en el mundo: Cáncer. • Incorpora Plataformas tecnológicas moleculares y genómicas de avanzada a nivel internacional. • Es un trabajo original que explora el perfil molecular del cáncer y el perfil genómico de la población peruana con estos tres tipos de canceres. • Establece colaboraciones con Centros de Investigación de alto prestigio en Europa y en Estados Unidos. • Genera Transferencia Tecnológica y Metodologías de Investigación para los centros participantes. • Integra la participación de recursos humanos en formación en investigación en salud, tanto de pregrado como de posgrado. • Produce la participación de equipos multidisciplinarios de investigación, vinculando los docentes universitarios, instituciones de gobierno, sector productivo y centros internacionales. • Lo mas importante: Aportará conocimiento e innovación para el diagnostico en el Perú de los pacientes con cáncer, así como sus potenciales aplicaciones pronosticas y terapéuticas. DOI:10.25176/RFMH.v18.n2.1278
BASE
Correlation between admission criteria, and academic performance, in students of the Medicine Faculty of the University of Manizales (Colombia) ; Correlación entre criterios de admisión, y desempeño académico, en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Manizales (Colombia)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between admission criteria in the Medicine Faculty of the University of Manizales (Colombia) and the variables of academic performance of the admitted students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The populationconsisted of 13 cohorts of admitted students of the Faculty between years 2000 and 2007. The considered variables of admission were basically scores in knowledge and personality tests, interviews, and in government examinations for entrance to the superior education (ICFES) and a weighed sum of these variables. As academic performance variables, averages of notes for each semester and the complete study(or until the moment of this study) for each student, and ciphers corresponding to main biomedical lesson in the same circumstances. RESULTS: In 9 (81.8%) of 11 occasions the weighed ICFES score showed significant correlation with the variables of academicperformance. The test results of personality test showed significant correlation in 3 (2.7%), the interview score in 1, the knowledge score in no case, the sum weighed in 3 (2.7%) occasions. CONCLUSION: In view of these results a new procedure of student's admission is proposed. ; OBJETIVO: Determinar la correlación entre los criterios de admisión vigentes en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Manizales (Colombia) y variables de rendimiento académico de los estudiantes admitidos. MATERIALES Y METODOS:La población consistió en 13 cohortes de estudiantes de la Facultad admitidos entre los años 2000 y 2007. Las variables de admisión consideradas fueron básicamente puntajes en pruebas de conocimiento, de personalidad, entrevista, y en exámenesde estado para ingreso a la educación superior y una suma ponderada de estas variables. Como variables de rendimiento académico se tomaron promedios de notas para cada semestre y para la carrera completa hasta el momento cursada por cadaestudiante, y las notas correspondientes a la materia biomédica principal en las mismas circunstancias. RESULTADOS: En 9(81,8%) de 11 ocasiones el ponderado del ICFES mostró correlación significativa con las variables de rendimiento académico. El resultado de la prueba de personalidad mostró correlación significativa en 3(2,7%) , el puntaje de la entrevista en 1, el puntaje de la prueba de conocimientos en ninguna, lasuma ponderada en 3(2,7%). CONCLUSION: En vista de estos resultados se propone un nuevo procedimiento de admisión de estudiantes a la Facultad.
BASE
The Manuscripts of the Medical Directors of Spas of the Library of the Faculty of Medicine of the Complutense University of Madrid: Documentation on Roman Spas ; Los manuscritos de los médicos directores de balnearios de la biblioteca de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madri...
A survey is made on the collection of manuscripts referring to Spanish healing spas preserved in the library of the Faculty of Medicine of the Complutense University of Madrid. The legislation that gives rise to the manuscripts and specifies their content is reflected. Also the problems of custody and conservation that have caused that today there is only 5% of those that were written. Finally, the contents of the texts and their possibilities for use in the study of the ancient world are analyzed based on archaeological, numismatic, epigraphic, graphic and medical data. ; Se hace un recorrido por la colección de manuscritos referentes a los balnearios españoles que se conserva en la biblioteca de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se refleja la legislación que da origen a los manuscritos y que especifica su contenido. También los problemas de custodia y conservación que han provocado que hoy sólo exista el 5% de los que se escribieron. Por último se analiza el contenido de los textos y sus posibilidades para utilizarlos en estudio del mundo antiguo a partir de los datos arqueológicos, numismáticos, epigráficos, gráficos y de medicina previa al siglo XIX
BASE
A Curriculum for Master of Science in Physiology of Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Uganda
Introduction: There are differets ways to design a Curriculum for Master of Science in Physiology to train postgraduate students. Objective: to design a Curriculum for Master of Science in Physiology to train postgraduate students in Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) of Uganda. Methods: MUST was founded in 1989 and its Academic programmes are intended to be tailored towards the Government effort of solving Uganda's economic problems by producing the skilled manpower in all relevant areas. There are 7 Degree programmes and 12 Master's Degree Programmes, one of which was Physiology. The Department of Physiology was a pioneer in the Faculty of Medicine and had been training postgraduate students for some time without a proper curriculum. New regulations and guidelines together with the development of science and teaching demanded to generate a new Curriculum for Master in Physiology in order to resume the training at MUST according to the current needs and standards. During one year and under the guidance of the Curriculum Committee Faculty of Medicine, different steps were followed to come up with a product able to satisfy the requirements. Accomplished tasks included: identification of mandatory courses based on the need of a physiologist with knowledge in all areas to be able to train undergraduates through Physiology with research and teaching skills; a large search of curricula followed by several universities in Uganda and abroad; several meetings, discussions, workshops to review contents, objectives, skills and the overall structure according to the guidelines, and review after submissions. Results: The curriculum was designed, presented, reviewed at the different established levels and approved to resume the training of postgraduate students in the area of Physiology by the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MUST. The first group of postgraduates started their training following this curriculum in August 2016.Conclusions: As a result of the request by the Dean, Faculty of ...
BASE
WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease
Background: Chagas Disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, with some of the most serious manifestations affecting the cardiovascular system. It is a chronic, stigmatizing condition, closely associated with poverty and affecting close to 6 million people globally. Although historically the disease was limited to endemic areas of Latin America recent years have seen an increasing global spread. In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the social and economic burdens on individuals and society are substantial. Often called the 'silent killer', Chagas disease is characterized by a long, asymptomatic phase in affected individuals. Approximately 30% then go on develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and other serious cardiac complications such as stroke, rhythm disturbances and severe heart failure.Methods: In a collaboration of the World Hearth Federation (WHF) and the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC) a writing group consisting of 20 diverse experts on Chagas disease (CD) was convened. The group provided up to date expert knowledge based on their area of expertise. An extensive review of the literature describing obstacles to diagnosis and treatment of CD along with proposed solutions was conducted. A survey was sent to all WHF Members and, using snowball sampling to widen the consultation, to a variety of health care professionals working in the CD global health community. The results were analyzed, open comments were reviewed and consolidated, and the findings were incorporated into this document, thus ensuring a consensus representation.Results: The WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease offers a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on prevention, diagnosis and management of the disease. In providing an analysis of 'roadblocks' in access to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients, the document serves as a framework from which strategies for implementation such as national plans can be formulated. Several dimensions are considered in the analysis: healthcare system capabilities, governance, financing, community awareness and advocacy.Conclusion: The WHF IASC Roadmap proposes strategies and evidence-based solutions for healthcare professionals, health authorities and governments to help overcome the barriers to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients. This roadmap describes an ideal patient care pathway, and explores the roadblocks along the way, offering potential solutions based on available research and examples in practice. It represents a call to action to decision-makers and health care professionals to step up efforts to eradicate Chagas disease.
BASE
José de Léamendi, Dean of the Faculty of San Carlos ; José de Letamendi, decano de la facultad de San Carlos
letamendi is an important figure in the history of medicine in Spain, his role as Professor of Anatomy of Barcelona and of Patology in Madrid, and his position as Dean of San Carlos, is of great interest in studying the medical teaching of restoration. It is very important to manage it as a Dean, both for the Madrid faculty and for the data it provides about it. Above all, your letter "Memorial addressed to H.E. Minister of Public Works in favour of the Faculty of Medicine in Madrid in his capacity as Decano of Madrid" dated 3 December 1890 is remarkable. His position as a Dean and Senator shows that his role at the head of the faculty — as in the case of Calleja — is both academic and political, which is therefore of great importance. It is not strange, as these faculties reflect the tradition of surgery schools, in which their director had great strength, to which they attach the privileged position that these faculties — together with right-wing ones — have in the liberal university. The model of these figures is, once again in France, in the medico-lawyer-lawist Orfide. ; Peer reviewed ; letamendi is an important figure in the history of medicine in Spain, his role as Professor of Anatomy of Barcelona and of Patology in Madrid, and his position as Dean of San Carlos, is of great interest in studying the medical teaching of restoration. It is very important to manage it as a Dean, both for the Madrid faculty and for the data it provides about it. Above all, your letter "Memorial addressed to H.E. Minister of Public Works in favour of the Faculty of Medicine in Madrid in his capacity as Decano of Madrid" dated 3 December 1890 is remarkable. His position as a Dean and Senator shows that his role at the head of the faculty — as in the case of Calleja — is both academic and political, which is therefore of great importance. It is not strange, as these faculties reflect the tradition of surgery schools, in which their director had great strength, to which they attach the privileged position that these faculties — ...
BASE
Los científicos en la organización y la gestión de la universidad: una visión histórica
The models of University organization and management can be studied from very different and complementary points of view. In this article the participation of two eminent scientists are studied, namely Blas Cabrera's (Rector) and Juan Negrín's (Secretary of the Faculty of Medicine) contributions at Madrid's Central University General Council at the beginning of the thirties. The analysis fulfilled, of an essential historical character, is based upon unpublished documents, namely the Council's Libro de Actas, whose first meeting took place on the 6th of March of 1930. As a whole, the study will aloud the detection of the various approaches to University organization and management. We will show those difficulties an experimental physicist as Blas Cabrera will suffer as Rector, opposite to the impressive qualities as organiser that can be seen in a physician and politician as Juan Negrín, whom, through his role should be considered undoubtedly the Council's alma mater.
BASE
Paz territorial y tierras: una mirada crítica frente a los Acuerdos de La Habana
El presente libro paz territorial y tierras, una mirada critica frente a los acuerdos de la habana, es una publicación científica e investigativa que se ha elaborado con base en las inspiraciones logradas en el evento con (casi) el mismo nombre, desarrollado por iniciativa del prof. Dr. José Martínez en la Georg August Universitat Gottingen en Alemania de 11 a 14 de octubre del año 2017, en la cooperación tridimensional de la misma con el grupo de investigación cc - Constitucionalismo comparado de la universidad nacional de Colombia y la universidad Santo Tomás, como alianza estratégica en el marco de la consolidación investigativa del consorcio inter-universitario y binacional denominado instituto colombo- Alemán para la paz (capaz).
Training, teaching and research for a policy of national reconstruction in the health field ; La capacitación, la enseñanza y la investigación para una política de reconstrucción nacional en el área de la salud
This text reproduces a speech given by Dr. Mario Testa on June 28, 1973 in the main hall of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Buenos Aires. The words of introduction preceding the text, written by Testa himself, provide the context of not only the historical moment the university was experiencing, just days after Rodolfo Puiggrós took office as the rector within the university's political overhaul, but also the meaning given to the project of pedagogical renovation. This project proposed redefining the relationship between the university and society, originating such projects such as the Instituto de Medicina del Trabajo (Institute of Occupational Medicine), the Instituto de la Madre y el Niño (Mother and Child Institute) and the Instituto de Patología Regional (Regional Pathology Institute) in the Faculty of Medicine; the Centro de Producción de Medicamentos de Base (the Center for Basic Drug Production) in the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; and the Centro de Erradicación de Villas de Emergencia (Center for the Eradication of Shantytowns) in the Faculty of Architecture, among many others. Republishing these words, spoken almost 40 years ago, is a way of continuing to put into discussion the type of education and training health professionals receive with public funds. ; Este texto reproduce el discurso pronunciado por el Dr. Mario Testa, el 28 de junio de 1973, en el aula magna de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Las líneas introductorias que lo anteceden, escritas por el propio autor, contextualizan no solo el momento histórico de aquella universidad, a pocos días de la asunción de Rodolfo Puiggrós como rector interventor, sino el sentido del proyecto de renovación pedagógica que proponía una redefinición de la relación entre universidad y sociedad y que dio origen a proyectos como el Instituto de Medicina del Trabajo, el Instituto de la Madre y el Niño y el Instituto de Patología Regional, en la Facultad de Medicina; el Centro de Producción de Medicamentos de Base en la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; el de Erradicación de Villas de Emergencia en la Facultad de Arquitectura, entre tantos otros. Volver a publicar aquellas palabras pronunciadas hace casi 40 años es poner en discusión el significado y el sentido de la formación de profesionales de la salud financiada con fondos públicos.
BASE
The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939
Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).
BASE
The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939
Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).
BASE
The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939
Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).
BASE
The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939
Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).
BASE