The Faculty of Medicine University of Khartoum was founded in 1924 and has graduated the majority of doctors in the Sudan. In recent years the government invested heavily in higher education and 26 new medical schools have been established and are now functioning and graduating doctors. Those new schools adopted different models of curricula, however most of them benefited from the Gezira medical school experience and hence their curricula are innovative. The large number of schools and the diversity in their curricular models fueled interest in the Sudan General Medical Council and the Ministry of Higher Education to establish a national mechanism for evaluating those schools and ensuring the society that they graduate doctors with optimum standard.
In this dissertation, I analyze the idea of cultural citizenship in the participation of the Erasmus+ Program and the reality of its manifestation in German culture and society. Following Máiréad Nic Craith, cultural citizenship is defined here as a "set of practices (juridical, political, economic and cultural) that define a person as a component member of society" and has been neglected as a form of study by anthropologists (2004). Drawing from Nic Craith's definition, my notion of cultural citizenship is that it is an inherently cultural process, fluid and constantly evolving (2004). The focus for my investigation is the EU-sponsored Erasmus+ Program, created 30 years ago to develop and transfer a common sense of community and European cultural identity through study exchange throughout the EU Member States. The longstanding goal of the Erasmus+ Program is that current and former Erasmus+ students will be catalysts and members of this shared European identity. This doctoral research questions how do these European university students, who each bring their own individual notions of nationalism and cultural citizenship, experience this program in Germany? To answer this question, over the 2015-2016 academic year, I have documented the Incoming- and Outgoing- Erasmus+ students' experiences at a historic and international German university, Georg-August-Universität-Göttingen in Lower Saxony, Germany. My infield ethnography comprised of multifaceted semi-structured interviews (with the Erasmus+ students, Universität-Göttingen Erasmus+ coordinators, and EU policymakers in Brussels and Bonn), participant-observations, surveys, spontaneous conversations, and demographic data. The procedure of analysis was grounded theory, coding of interviews with qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti, and data triangulation. . The results show that 10 Key Themes emerged including European Identity, the Erasmus+ Experiences, European Shared Belonging, and Cultural citizenship. Through data triangulation, these students are engaged in citizenship and living this European project dream, during their Erasmus+ stay.In conclusion, this doctoral research probes deeply the larger questions of how are these students practicing citizenship in an uncertain EU and hesitant Europe and how does the German university foster a transformative notion of cultural European citizenship.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die einzelbetrieblichen Effekte zweier agrarpolitischer Programme (Agrarumweltmaßnahmen, Ausgleichszulage für benachteiligte Gebiete) auf den betrieblichen Faktoreinsatz (Boden, Arbeit, Kapital, Viehbesatz, Viehbesatzdichte, Ausgaben für Pflanzenschutz- und Düngemittel je Hektar), die Produktion (Umsatz) und die außerbetriebliche Erwerbsbeteiligung des Betriebsleiterpaares untersucht. Die Analyse basiert auf einer nicht repräsentativen Stichprobe mit über 20.000 deutschen, buchführenden Betrieben im Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2005. Für die empirische Analyse werden ein semi-parametrischer Matching-Ansatz (Propensity Score Matching) sowie verschiedene parametrische Panelmodelle verwendet.Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse zeigen, dass die Teilnahme an Agrarumweltmaßnahmen (AUM) einen positiven Einfluss auf den betrieblichen Bodeneinsatz, insbesondere auf Grünland, hat: Die jährliche Wachstumsrate der landwirtschaftlich genutzten Fläche ist in Betrieben mit AUM-Teilnahme um etwa 1 % höher als in vergleichbaren Betrieben ohne Teilnahme. Bedingt durch das starke Flächenwachstum, wird infolge der AUM-Teilnahme die Nutzungsintensität (Rinderbesatzdichte, Ausgaben für Düngemittel je Hektar, Arbeitseinsatz je Hektar) und damit die Produktivität (Umsatz je Hektar) signifikant verringert. Der positive Einfluss der Ausgleichszulage (AZ) auf das betriebliche Flächenwachstum ist vergleichsweise gering und nur über mehrere Jahre betrachtet statistisch signifikant. Der Effekt beider Programme (AUM, AZ) auf die betriebliche Produktion und die außerbetriebliche Erwerbsbeteiligung ist statistisch nicht signifikant.Die empirischen Ergebnisse bestätigen auch die These heterogener Effekte von Agrarumweltmaßnahmen und der Ausgleichszulage: Die Höhe der Programmeffekte nimmt mit steigenden Agrarumweltzahlungen bzw. steigender Ausgleichszulage je Betrieb zu. Darüber hinaus beeinflussen betriebsindividuelle Faktoren die Wirkung beider Programme: Betriebe, deren Programmteilnahme aufgrund ihrer individuellen Merkmale (niedrige Nutzungsintensität, geringe Bodenqualität) sehr wahrscheinlich ist, ziehen den größten Nutzen aus der Programmteilnahme. Ackerbaubetriebe und Betriebe mit älteren Betriebsleitern weisen unter allen AUM-Teilnehmern das höchste Flächenwachstum auf.Neben der empirischen Fragestellung gilt ein besonderes Augenmerk der Beurteilung der Eignung der verwendeten Methoden für mikroökonomische Wirkungsanalysen agrarpolitischer Programme. Vorteile von Matching-Verfahren liegen in den weniger restriktiven Annahmen hinsichtlich der korrekten Spezifikation des empirischen Modells sowie der vergleichsweise einfachen Kommunizierbarkeit der Ergebnisse an ein nicht-wissenschaftliches Publikum. Zu den Nachteilen von Matching-Verfahren zählen die wenig effiziente Nutzung der zur Verfügung stehenden Information und der daraus resultierende große Datenbedarf sowie die eingeschränkten Möglichkeiten zur Überprüfung von Hypothesen. ; In this study, the farm level effects of two farm programs (agri-environment programs, less favoured areas scheme) on input use (land, labour, capital, livestock, pesticides, fertilizer), production (farm sales) and off-farm labour supply are analysed. Data used comprise a large, non-representative sample of more than 20,000 bookkeeping farms in Germany (2000 to 2005). The empirical analysis is based upon a semi-parametric matching approach (propensity score matching) and various parametric regression models for panel data.The analysis reveals a positive and significant treatment effect of agri-environment (AE) programs on the area under cultivation, in particular grassland: The annual growth rate of the area under cultivation of AE participants is about one percent higher as compared to similar farms with no participation. Due to the strong acreage growth under AE participation, land use intensity (as measured by livestock density, purchase of fertiliser per hectare, on-farm labour per hectare) and productivity (sales per hectare) is reduced significantly. A similar, although smaller, effect is observed for the less favoured areas scheme (LFA). For both programs (AE, LFA), no statistically significant effect on farm production and off-farm labour supply is observed.Empirical results also confirm the hypothesis of heterogeneous treatment effects for AE programs and the LFA scheme: The magnitude of treatment effects increases with the amount of programme payments received by a farm. Further more, individual farm characteristics influence the magnitude of treatment effects of both programs: Farms that have the highest probability to participate (low input farms, farms with marginal soils) can generate the largest benefit from program participation. Among all AE-participants, arable farms and farms of older operators show the largest acreage growth compared to similar farms without participation.A further focus of this study is on methods suitable to analyse the microeconomic effects of farm programs. Matching methods relies on less restrictive assumptions than parametric methods do. Further more, matching estimates are relatively easy to communicate to a non-scientific audience (e.g. policy makers). However, the major disadvantage of matching is the low efficiency of using available information which results in high data requirements. Matching also offers limited possibilities for hypothesis testing.
"The Osler Society was founded in the Spring of 1921 by a number of undergraduates in Medicine."--Announcement of the Faculty of Medicine for the session 1932-33, page 81. ; Session for 1929/30 includes first reference to the "Osler Library." ; The last "Class List" is in the 91st session of the Medical Faculty and the 19th session of the Dentistry Department. ; Montreal College of Pharmacy, organized as a teaching body in 1867. During the summer of 1916 this College was taken over by McGill University, and a Department of Pharmacy was established in connection with the Faculty of Medicine. ; The 73rd session (1904/05) includes the first session of the Dental Department of the Medical Faculty of McGill University, even though it is not reflected in the cover title." . In the Autumn of 1903 this body approached the university asking that a dental department be instituted, and as a result of negotiations continuing throughout the session of 1903-4, the University has established such a department. This department is not independent, but is a section of the Medical Faculty ." ; With the 75th session (1906/07) a complete list of the graduates students (1877-1905) of Bishop's Medical Faculty." . during the Session of 1905/05 amalgamation was consummated, the Students of Bishop's Medical Faculty to receive under certain conditions an 'ad endem statum'." ; Calendar of the University of McGill College, Montreal. Founded by Bequest of the Hon. James McGill, in 1811; Erected into a University by Royal Charter in 1821; and re-organised by an amended Charter in 1852, session of 1861/62." is the 9th session of this University under its amended charter. Included with the Calendar is the "Proceedings at the inauguration of the William Molson Hall of McGill Uiversity, by His Excellency the Right Hon. Viscount Monck, Governor General of British North America, &c., on Friday afternoon, October 18, 1862. ; Title varies slightly. ; Imprint varies. ; Sessional numbering dropped with 1932/33. ; "Class List" is dropped from calendar with 92nd session. ; Issue for 1901/02 is called the 69th session on pg. 21 of "McGill University General Announcement, Session of 1901/02 but it is called the 70th session on cover and first paragraph of work (69th session designation is omitted). ; The annual announcements for the 34th session (1863/64) of this University, are also known as the 11th session- under its amended Charter. ; The Calendars of 1861/62 also in part constitutes the 29th session of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of McGill College. ; "No sessions were held during the political troubles from 1836-1839." ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Session 1971-72: additional information about the summer sessions laid in. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Sessions 1958-59, 1968-69, 1971-72, 1972-73 contain manuscript annotations. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: bound volumes containing Sessions 94-98, 99-100, 1935/36-1939/40, 1940/41-1944/45: publishers paper wrappers for each volume bound in. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Sessions 91-93: "preliminary announcement of Post Graduate Courses April, 1925" -- laid in at end of volume. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Session 57: disbound; photocopy of title page used to replace original title page; advertisements at beginning and end of volume. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: Registrar's Copy 1852-1950: Sessions 80-83: Class and Honour Lists and Examinations papers for 1910-1911 with publisher's brown paper wrappers bound in. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: Registrar's Copy 1852-1950: Sessions 66-71: "Missing 69th session; no session between 1836-1839" -- note in hand laid in at title page of 70th session. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: Registrar's Copy 1852-1950: Sessions 20-54: contains manuscript annotations. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: laid in session 1901-1902, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine. Tenth annual announcement. Post-graduate course, 1905. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine, Robertson: vendor for session 1901-2, Abebooks. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine, Robertson: vendor for session 1873-4, Hugh Anson-Cartwright Fine Books, Maps & Prints ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Session 1971-72: "M. Farmer" written in hand on page 1 of cover. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Session 49: signed "Henry Thomas Hurdman Oct. 3rd 1881" on page 2 of cover of Session 49; Session 50: signed "H. T. Hurdman, Eardley, Que" on front paper wapper and title page, "H. T. Hurdman McGill University, Montreal" on front paper wrapper, all in contemporary hand. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Session 45: signed "E. H. Bensley" on page 2 of cover; Session 1985/86: signed "E. H. Bensley" on title page. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986:Session 33: "This was given to me by Dr. Narmal(?) L. Burnette (Metropolitan(?) Life Ins. Co.)" -- written on page pasted to verso of paper wrapper. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Session 28: cutout stamp with "O F M Quebec" on page 1 of cover. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Session 24: Bookplate of Victor Morin, Montreal on page 2 of publisher's wrapper. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: "Presented to Medical Library of McGill University by McGill Medical Faculty" -- bookplate on page 2 of cover of volumes containing Sessions 94-98, Sessions 1940/41-1944/45, Sessions 1945-50, Sessions 1960/61-1969/70. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: Registrar's Copy 1852-1950: Osler Library acquisitions slips with "Gift of Dr. E. H. Bensley" attached to flyleaf with paperclip of the volumes containing Sessions 1932-38, 1938-44; slip is tipped in before flyleaf of volume for Sessions 1944-50. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: Registrar's Copy 1852-1950:Sessions 20-54: armorial bookplate of Francis J. Shepherd on page 2 of cover. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: many issues not bound together; still in original paper wrappers. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Sessions 1950-1970: quarter-bound red cloth, black paper over boards, and publisher's red paper wrapper pasted to page 1 of cover; White paper label with binder's title on spine; light grey endpapers. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: McGill Medical Library Copy 1852-1986: Sessions 1852-1960: set bound in contemporary brown cloth; binder's title and date range of volume on spine; imperfect: some volumes lacking covers, spines; some volumes with textblock split; pages foxed, crumbling for many volumes. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: Registrar's Copy 1852-1950: "The Gazette Bindery Montreal" -- binder's ticket on page 3 of cover of the volumes for Sessions 76-79 and Sessions 80-83. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: Registrar's Copy 1852-1950: "Bound by McGill University Library" -- stamped along bottom edge of pastedown on page 2 of cover of the volumes for Sessions 51-58, Sessions 89-94, Sessions 95-100, and Sessions 1932-38. ; Copy in McGill Library's Osler Library of the History of Medicine Robertson: Registrar's Copy 1852-1950: set half-bound in black morocco with blue green cloth over boards; smooth spine with binder's title and date range on spine; imperfect: much rubbed, some covers detached, some spines lacking.
In the faculty of arts at the University of Padua in the years around 1600 professors debated the reliability of astrology, the existence of occult celestial influences, and the idea that celestial heat is present in living bodies. From the 1570s to the 1620s many professors in the faculty of arts pushed back against astrology and Jean Fernel's theories surrounding astral body. Girolamo Mercuriale, Alessandro Massaria and Eustachio Rudio thought that some forms of astral causation and Fernel's ideas were incompatible with their observations of disease, Aristotle's philosophy and Hippocratic theories. Later, Santorio Santorio and Cesare Cremonini, who were allied to the political circle of Paolo Sarpi, polemicized against astrology. Their writings show that at Padua medical theory was linked to Aristotelian cosmology, which emphasized the incommensurability between celestial and terrestrial elements. Their rejection of astrology, however, did not lead to the complete marginalization of astrology at Padua. By the middle of the 1620s, as the political climate changed in Venice, the University of Padua hired professors who promoted astrology and Fernel's theories about the celestial nature of innate heat. The diversity of opinions about astrology reflected Venice's divided politics and multiple approaches to interpreting Aristotle and other authorities.
The world is currently facing a pandemic spreading rapidly in more than 200 countries caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The virus was first thought to have originated from Wuhan, China, and the infection has spread throughout the world, including Indonesia. The mortality rate for COVID-19 in Indonesia is 8.9%. This figure is the highest in Southeast Asia. Therefore, the government made various efforts and policies to tackle the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. One of them is implementing the health protocol, namely 3M (using masks, washing hands, and social distancing). However, due to the increasing number of Covid-19 transmission in Indonesia, the current health protocol became 5M (washing hands, wearing masks, social distancing, limiting mobility and interaction and staying away from crowds) is expected to reduce the transmission rate of the COVID-19 virus. This study aims to discover the description of knowledge of Pre-Clinical Students in Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Class of 2020 regarding COVID-19. The design of the study is a descriptive survey with a quantitative descriptive. Data were obtained by using questionnaires distributed online with a non-random sampling technique, in which we used purposive sampling. The participants were next screened with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It resulted in 140 participants who qualified the criteria and whose data could be considered for further analysis. The results showed that from 140 students, 136 students (97,1%) had good knowledge, three students (2,1%) had sufficient knowledge, and one student (0,8%) had less knowledge about COVID-19. The study finds that 136 students (97,1%) in a class of 2020 in the Faculty of Medicine at Christian University of Indonesia have a good knowledge of COVID-19. Keywords: Knowledge, Pre-Clinical Students, FK UKI 2020, COVID-19.
Turkish government published a -Regulation on Traditional and Complementary Medical Therapies' (CAM) in 2014. We aimed at assessing the knowledge and the thoughts of medical students and faculty members of BVUSOM on this regulation of Ministry of Health. All the students and faculty members were included in the research (in 2017-2018 academic year). Five hundred thirteen medical faculty students (68.8% of all students) and 90 teaching faculty members (57.7% of the all faculty members) participated to the study. One hundred and forty-eight (28.8%) of the students and 57 (63.3%) of faculty members reported that they know the legal regulation. At least one of the treatment methods suggested in the regulation was applied by 83 (16.2%) of the students. Four hundred (77.9%) of the students and 61 (67.8%) of the faculty members would like to be educated well enough so that they could treat their patients in any area of CAM. Medical students were more likely to show interest in receiving a training in CAM techniques than faculty members (p=0.03).As CAM is still very new area of interest in Turkey. There are several strategies to integrate it to current medical education, including: embedding lectures, organizing multidisciplinary meetings, scheduling elective rotations and informing faculty members.
From its inception in 1914, the Manitoba Law School had been the joint responsibility of the University of Manitoba and The Law Society of Manitoba. Its four year programme was intended to combine both academic and practical training so that on its completion the graduating student obtained not only his Bachelor of Laws Degree but also his call to the Bar of Manitoba. By the early sixties, however, with the burgeoning of legal education in universities across the country, it became clear that an overhaul of the system was necessary in Manitoba. If legal education was to meet the demands of the last half of the 20th Century and the standards being set in Canada generally, then there had to be a tremendous input of resources. This could only come through the University which, in the sixties, was enjoying good government financing.
Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die politische Beeinflussung des Faches Physik an der Universität Göttingen in den 1930er und 40er Jahren. Untersucht werden alle Physikinstitute in den Bereichen wissenschaftliches Personal, Studenten, Forschung und Lehre. Das Kapitel über das Personal zeigt, in welcher Weise die akademische Gemeinschaft bei Stellenbesetzungen wissenschaftliche Qualität, politische Einstellung und Charaktereigenschaften der betreffenden Personen geprüft hat. Zusätzlich zu deren individuellen Eigenschaften waren ihre kollegialen Verbindungen von großer Bedeutung. Die Arbeit rekonstruiert das kollegiale Netz der Physiker, dessen Struktur die teils eigenartigen Personalvorgänge verständlich macht. Dies zeigt auch deutlich die Analyse des gescheiterten Wiedergutmachungsfalles Kurt Hohenemser. Auch die Größe und Zusammensetzung der Studentenschaft unterlag politischer Beeinflussung. Zum Beispiel gab es die meisten weiblichen Physikstudentinnen zu Ende der NS-Zeit, in der Entnazifizierungszeit wurden sie radikal verdrängt. Die Forschungskontrolle der Nachkriegszeit hat zu einer Transformation der vorher von allen Physikinstituten durchgeführten Rüstungsforschung geführt. Manche militärisch relevante Forschung wurde semantisch in einen friedlichen Kontext gestellt und fortgeführt teils sogar unter alliierter Regie. Auch das Lehrangebot passte sich an die jeweiligen politischen Verhältnisse an. Lehrveranstaltungen zu Quantenmechanik und Relativitätstheorie waren in der NS-Zeit selten, die Nachkriegszeit brachte Neuerungen, die das Programm des studium generale um physikhistorische und -philosophische Veranstaltungen ergänzten. Darin fand vereinzelt auch eine Auseinandersetzung mit den Ereignissen der NS-Zeit statt. ; The dissertation examines the political influence on physics at the University of Göttingen in the 1930s and 40s. The examination of all physics institutes is divided into the realms of scientific personnel, students, research, and teaching. The chapter on the personnel shows how in the case of staffing the scientific community considered the scientific quality, the political attitude, and the character traits of the respective candidates. In addition to their individual characteristics the scientists collegial ties were of great importance. Thus the chapter reconstructs the physicists" collegial network whose structure could explain the to some extent strange changes in personnel. This is shown by the analysis of the unsuccessful rehabilitation case of Kurt Hohenemser. Also the quantity and composition of the student body was politically influenced. For instance at the end of the Third Reich the number of female physics students reached its maximum; during denazification the female students were pushed away radically. In the postwar period research control caused a transformation of armament research which had been conducted in all physic institutes before. Some of the military relevant research was continued by semantically putting it into a peaceful context partly even under allied control. Also the curricula were adjusted to the respective political circumstances. Lectures on quantum mechanics and relativity theory were seldom during the Third Reich. In the postwar period lectures on the history and philosophy of physics complemented the studium generale program. In single cases they also dealt with the Nazi past.
Clinical reasoning learning (CRA) is a teaching method based on interactive teaching. Its objective is to lead the student to acquire a diagnostic approach by developing a clinical reasoning. In order to evaluate this method of active teaching from the point of view of the medical student, we carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study among students of the 3rd year of medicine of the faculty of medicine and pharmacy of Marrakesh, having held out-patient clinics at the Mohamed VI university hospital in Marrakesh or at Ibn Sina Military Hospital and attended at least two CRA sessions during their day school curriculum. Data were collected during the last week of July 2016, via a quiz. One hundred and forty-two quiz were operated with a participation rate of 95%. Students reported that CRA sessions are interesting but insufficient. The CRA sessions had a very important place in medical education for 84% of our students and they had brought medical knowledge to the majority. The clinical reasoning learning made it possible to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired during the medical studies for 62% students and allowed to acquire medical skills for 95%. It turns out that the CRA is a teaching method which is appreciated by students and which is an interesting complement to the traditional forms of teaching.
The purpose of this research is to empirically test the perceptionof organizational politics among university faculty in the context ofPakistan. The plan of the study involved collection of data about theperception of organizational politics among the university faculty inKarachi. The sample size of 110 faculty members from various highereducation institutions was collected. The instrument used for thisstudy was the 15-item Perception of Organizational Politics Scale(POPS) developed by Kacmar and Carlson (1997). The scale includesthree section such as People in this organization attempt to buildthemselves up by tearing others down; Agreeing with powerful othersis the best alternative in this organization and When it comes to payraise and promotion decisions, policies are irrelevant. The resultsupports the hypothesis that there is an association between powerfulpolitical groups and employees' survival in higher educationinstitutions.
Combining salary data for permanent non-emeritus faculty at seven departments of political science within the University of California system with lifetime citation counts and other individual level data from the Masuoka, Grofman and Feld (2007) study of faculty at Ph.D. granting political science departments in the United States, we analyze determinants of faculty salaries. For the full data set our main finding are that (1) base salaries of UC political science faculty are slightly more strongly correlated to citation rates (annualized or total lifetime citations) as a measure of research visibility than they are to seniority measured by years since receipt of the Ph.D; and (2) that gender differences and subfield differences in salary essentially vanish once we take into account both year of Ph.D. and research visibility (as measured by annualized citation counts), while gender inequities would appear to exist if we did not control for both variables and thus may appear in the kinds of simpler gender equity comparisons commonly done within the UC system that lack any performance control variable. Also (3) looking across the seven campuses, despite the philosophy of common academic personnel standards across campuses, we find differences in average compensation levels even after we control for cross-campus difference in seniority and faculty research visibility. In particular, the three nationally highest ranked UC political science departments (UCB, UCLA and UCSD) collectively attach considerably less relative weight to seniority relative to citation record in determining faculty salaries than do the other four UC departments, have greater salary variation among those roughly the same time past Ph.D., and, on average, pay higher salaries even after seniority and citations are controlled.
The operation of air traffic generally covers a variety of activities, which, in some cases, have to be carried out by highly trained specialists. Their professional preparation, the scale and depth of the knowledge and skills of the personnel working on aircraft and in airports and in related areas of activities, must meet the requirements defined in aviation legislation. Quality education focusing on security factors and designed for air traffic personnel is absolutely necessary for the proper fulfilment of the tasks connected with air traffic jobs. First published online:14 Oct 2010
The operation of air traffic generally covers a variety of activities, which, in some cases, have to be carried out by highly trained specialists. Their professional preparation, the scale and depth of the knowledge and skills of the personnel working on aircraft and in airports and in related areas of activities, must meet the requirements defined in aviation legislation. Quality education focusing on security factors and designed for air traffic personnel is absolutely necessary for the proper fulfilment of the tasks connected with air traffic jobs. First published online:14 Oct 2010
